A seminar on

RT
T LOGY
By:
ARSHIYA ANIS SHAH
EN-3
University Roll No: 0816421016
Ta Ie ntents:
Introduction to smart grid?
Pillars of smart grid
Overview of smart grid
Need of a smart grid
Comparison between
smart grid and today's grid
Components of smart grid
Smart meter
Upcoming technologies
Devices for it
Initiatives towards smart grid
 WHAT IS A SMART
GRID???
This electric grid delivers electricity fi om
points ot generation to consumers. and the
electricity delivery netwo rk functions via two
primary systems: the transmission system
and the distribution system. The transmission
system delivers
electricity from power plants to distribution
substations, while the distribution system
delivers electricity from distribution
substations to consumers.

Building the smart grid means adding

computer and communications techno logy to
the ex isting electricity grid. With an overlay
of digital technology, the grid promises to
operate more effi ciently and reliably. It can
also accommodate more so la r ancl wind
power, which are inconsistent sources of
energy that can become more reliable with
better controls. Much like computers and
routers manage the flow of bits on the
Internet, smart-grid technologies use
WHAT SMART RID(contd) ??
Adding sensing, embedded processing and digital
communications makes the grid:

Observable
Controllable
Automated
Fully integrated
 iilars mart ri
Transmission
Optimization

Demand Side

Management

Distribution

Optimization Asset
 Overview m ri
G E N E R AT I O N
 FO MART
i
Electromechanical electrical grids are inefficient networks highly prone to power
failures. It has become a stressed grid structure.
Energy demand is increasing at a faster rate than energy supply because of the
increase in population.
With the increase in energy costs, customer expectations are also increasing.
Customers want to do more to protect the environment, use less energy and
control their costs.
Also, customers are increasingly technologically savvy and expect to receive the
information to help them manage their energy usage(One of the main
characteristics of the Smart Grid is enabling customers to manage energy and
control their costs).
Greenhouse gas emissions is increasing due to the increase in energy
consumption..
Clearly, a new method is required.
What wou a smart grid be able to
do that today's not-so-smart grid
can't?
Right now, if there's a breakdown at your local substation, the utility
usually finds out when customers call to complain. Placing a networked
sensor inside a transformer or along wires could locate and report a
problem, or prevent it from happening in the first place.

Despite living in the age of information, most of us only get a glimpse of

our energy consumption when the utility bills come once a month. In
people's homes, the smart grid should mean more detailed information
through home energy-monitoring tools. These can be small displays or
Web-based programs that give a real-time view of how much energy
you're using, which appliances consume the most, and how your home
compares to others.
 Smart rid a
- boon....
Transforms the way power is consumed.
Increases reliability and power quality .
Improves responsiveness and efficiency .
- Potentially reduces costs for the
provider and consumer .
Adds intelligence throughout the newly
networked
grid .
Decrease Greenhouse gas emissions.
“ Reduces client-side power
 COMPARISO
Analogue/electromechanical Digital/microprocessor controlled
Reactive(prone to failures and blackouts) Proactive
One pricing Real time pricing
No/limited consumer choice. Multiple consumer products
One-way communication (if any) Two-way/integrated communication
Few sensors Many monitors and sensors
Manual restoration Condition -performance-based
maintenance
Limited transparency with Transparency with
customers and customers and
regulators regulators
Limited control over power flows = Pervasive control systems
Estimated reliability = Predictive reliability
COMPONENTS OF A SMART GRID
A Smart grid has two main components:
The connectivity Network
Core Networks
Distribution Networks
Access Networks
Sensing and
measurement

CORE NETWORK:
The Core network
handles connectivity
between substations
and utilities’ head
offices. Technologies
used for core network
implementation include:
Wireline technologies
Fiber
 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS:
The Distribution network handles broadband connectivity for transmitting data collected by
Smart Power Grid concentrators and distribution automation devices (e.g. monitors, sensors,
), which are located on the grid, to their related databases and analytics servers, which are
located at headquarters.
Technotogies used for distribution network implementation include:

Wireline technologies
Fiber
BPL (broadband over power lines)
Wireless technologies
WiMAX
License-exempt broadband wireless
GSM
ACCESS
NETWORKS:"——"
The Access network handles last-mile connectivity from smart meters located on the edge
of the power grid (at homes, offices, and municipal facilities) to SPG concentrators.
Technologies used for access network implementation include:
Wireline technologies
PLC (Power Line Communication),
Wireless technologies
2igBee ,
Wi-Fi ,
WiMAX
GSM

OPTIMIZED SMART POWER GRID WIRELESS

CONNECTIVITY:
Scalability and enhanced flexibility
Carrier-class all outdoor link reliability and availability (eg IP67)
Secured communication (eg FIPS-140-2)
High bandwidth with low latency
Standard-based technologies (eg 802.16e, 802.11)
 SENSING AND MEASUREMENT:
Its easy to cut your electricity bills if you know...
Exactly how much electricity you are using.
How much it is costing you in rupee per hour
How much harmful carbon dioxide your
household contributes to the greenhouse
effect

SMART METERING
CONCEPT
AUTOMATED METER READING(AMR): is a remote reading system based on an advanced
technology that permits utilities to read electronic meters over long distances. Through AMR, the
energy consumpti on can be read on an annual, monthly, weekly. daily or on an hourly basis. The
automatic data collection enables billing based on real time consumption as opposed to an
estimated consumption.

ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE(AMI): refers to systems that measure, read

and analyse energy consumption. AMI systems can be defined as an extension of the simpler
AMR-system. The AMI always communicates two-way and comprises the who‹e rnnge of meter ing
d e v i l e s , soft ware, ru m municati on media, and data management systeiTiS.

AUTOMATED METER MANAGEMENT(AMM): or Smart Metering is another expansion

of a remote reading system that includes the possibility of perforrriing technical measurements
 SMART METE
Smart meters are to mutual benefit for utility and
consumer.
The smart meter makes a greener difference.
FEATURES:
Communication-able to communicate with the
data management system which is placed on a
server either at the utility or at the system
provider.
Smart disconnect’’recunnect-allows the utility to
switch off
the power remotely and to switch the power back
on. Tamper Protection- is integrated as a real time
clock will stamp any breaking of the seal.
Voltage Quality- are measured and recorded
providing the
energy distributor with valuable information to
perform an
efficient grid operation.
Load profile- The Utility may also take advantage
of the recorded load profile data and four
quadrant measuring for optimization of the grid
load.
Shunt measuring principle-secures an accurate
 PCOMING TECHNOLOGI
PICOWATT:
These are strategically placed smart plugs
which fit over existing outlets, are essentially
mini Wi-Fi routers running Linux, each capable
of gathering data and controlling devices.

GOOGLE POWERMETER ENERGY TRACKER:

It works without smart meter
In combination with Power Meter, a person can view details,
such as real-time electricity use and weekly trends from a
Web browser or using a smart phone running iGoogle.
 DEVICES FO4
ENERGY HUB: Energy Hub makes a high-end energy
dashboard that will offer Google Docs-style spreadsheets and
graphs of resource use.

TENDRIL: Tendril sells a combo of energy management

services, including a wireless in-home energy display, a smart, "’ -
web-based energy portal, smart outlets and cell phone apps
that can help homeowners diagnose and cut energy
consumption.

ONZO: is a slick-looking energy display and wireless

sensor kit that runs on energy harvested from the
home electrical cable.

ENERGY DETECTIVE: is an energy management tool

that helps consumers to save 10-20% of their monthly
electricity bill.
DREAM WATTS: is a wireless energy management tool that
focuses on making smart thermostats effective for cutting energy
consumption.

AGILEWAVES: The system, custom-designed for larger

buildings and higher-end homes, needs to be installed by an
electrician and can also be used to dim lights, turn on and off
heating and cooling, and adjust smart appliances.

' › . ›4umeElac:cry
, • Use

GOOGLE POWERMETER: it is an online energy information

tool ...

GREEN BOX: Green Box is focusing on the software side

of things with its web-based energy tool.
OK, so the smart grid is supposed to reduce wasted
energy, give consumers better information, and allow
the grid to use more solar and wind power.
What's the hold-up?

Where to start?
Utilities aren't known as the most fleet-of-foot businesses and
the energy industry invests lower percentage of revenue in
technology than most industries. This helps explain why we've
been hearing about the grid for 10 years but very few of us
actually have it.
A high cost at the beginning of implementation.
Political and economic frameworks & traditions
 ”Then there's the lack of standards for a dizzying number of
tasks
- A key regulatory piece of the smart grid is time-of-
day pricing, which is supposed to reflect the fluctuating cost
of energy delivery in a day. Some sort of tired pricing would
allow a consumer to take advantage of off-peak rates, but it
isn't the norm in many states.
Amid all the technical and business challenges, there's the
question of consumer acceptance. Consumers, in general, are
likely to welcome more detailed information on how much
electricity, natural gas, and water they use. But even though
there's the promise of energy savings, it's not clear that
people are willing to pay much money for home energy-
management tools.
Powe ri ’s initiative towards
sma ri
Pilot Project in Northern Region

Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the

Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area
Measurements (WAM) for Western Region
Benefits of smart
grid:
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
Better demand supply / demand response
management.
Better power quality
Reduce carbon emissions.
Increasing demand for energy : requires more
complex and critical solution with better energy
management
 les smart ri
:
Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
Most renewable resources are intermittent and can
not be relied on (in its present form)for secure energy
supply
Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of
Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other
related matters.
Grid Operation : Monitoring & control
 CONCLUSI
By using smart grid technology energy can be utilized to the
maximum and would not be wasted.
This technology also helps to save earth from the global warming.
It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method
of
energy supply.

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‘SMART’!!!