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Basic Concept of Probability and Rules of Probability (1)

The document provides an overview of probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, represented as a number between 0 and 1. It explains the rules of probability, types of probability (theoretical and experimental), and includes examples to illustrate these concepts. Additionally, it presents exercises for practice in calculating probabilities based on different scenarios.

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Redalyn Dela Cruz
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6 views

Basic Concept of Probability and Rules of Probability (1)

The document provides an overview of probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, represented as a number between 0 and 1. It explains the rules of probability, types of probability (theoretical and experimental), and includes examples to illustrate these concepts. Additionally, it presents exercises for practice in calculating probabilities based on different scenarios.

Uploaded by

Redalyn Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS

AND
PROBABILITY
QUESTIONS
AINTECR CENCHA

ILKELYUN BELSSIIMPO
STATISTICS
AND
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY
-Branch of mathematics that deals with
uncertainty.
-Measure of how likely the event will
occur
-It can be shown in fraction, in decimal
or percentage.
Probability of
event P(event)
It is a number from 0 to 1 which tells how likely the
event is to happen.

0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1


0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Probability Rules
1.The probability of any event is a number (a fraction, a decimal, a
percent) from 0 to 1
Example: The weather forecast shows 75% rain
P(rain)=75%
2. If an event will never happen, then its probability is 0.
Example: When a single die is rolled, find the probability of getting 8.
-Since the sample space consist of 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 it is impossible to get an
8.
Hence, P(98)=0/6
Probability Rules
3. If an event is sure to happen, then the
probability is 1.
Example: When a single die is rolled, what is the
probability of getting a number less than 1?
-Since all outcomes {1,2,3,4,5,6} are less than 7
P(number less than 7)=6/6 or 1
Let’s Try!
Determine the likelihood or possibility of an
event to happen.

1. It will snow tomorrow Impossible


2. The sun will rise tomorrow Certain
3. The likelihood that 2 people in every group Unlikely
of 15 will have the same birthday is 8%
4. Sport analyst says that Manny Pacquiao Likely
has 80% chance of winning.
An Experiment and Its
Sample Space
Events and Their
Probabilities
An Experiment and Its
Sample Space
Using Simple Events

• The Probability of an event A is equal to the sum of


the probabilities of the simple events contained in A.
• If the simple events in an experiment are equally
likely, you can calculate
The Probability of an
Event
• P(A) must be between 0 and 1
- If an event A can never occur, P(A)=0. If event A
always occurs when the experiment is performed,
P(A)=1

• The sum of the probabilities for all simple events in S


equals 1.
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
•What is the probability of getting a red
candy?
•What is the probability of getting a
yellow?
•What is the probability of getting a blue
candy?
Probability of
Simple Events
Probability of
Simple Events
Probability of
Simple Events
TYPES OF
PROBABILI
TY
Theoretical probability describes how likely an event is to
occur.
Experimental probability describes how likely an event is to
occur based on experimental results.
EXPERIME
NTAL
PROBABILI
Experimental probability is calculated when the actual

TY
situation or problem is performed as an experiment. In
this case you would perform the experiment, and use the
actual results to determine the probability.
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔
EXAM
PLE
1. In a basketball 3-point shoot out, Kevin made 10 out of 15
goals. What is the probability that he will make the next
shot?

• The probability of the next shot will based on its


previous shot made over his shot attempts, hence
he has only 2 out of 3 chances of making the next
shot.

2. John is practicing archery. He made 22 of 28 bullseye he


attempted. What is the probability that he will make his next
bullseye?
THEORETI
CAL
PROBABILI
Theoretical probability is the number of ways the event

TY
can occur (favorable outcomes) divided by the number
of total outcomes. The probability will be based on the
actual outcomes of the experiment without performing
the experiment. 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
EXAM
PLE
Suppose you are going to flip a coin once. What is the theoretical probability of
the coin landing on head?

A coin has two faces, a head and a tail. So

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔


𝑷 (𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒔 )=
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Since, there is only one head out of the two faces, so we have
EXAM
PLE
1. Two pair dice are rolled. Determine the probability of
getting the same number.
• Since there is no experiment done, the probability of
getting the same number will only be based on the
outcomes of the dice.
1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6
6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6
EXAM
PLE
2. A card is drawn from the standard deck of cards.
Determine the probability that the card drawn is a face
card.

=
EXPECTATIO
N OR
THEORETICA
L!
EXPERIMENTAL OR
THEORETICAL!
If one letter is chosen at random from the word
MATHEMATICS, what is the probability that the
letter chosen is A?

EXPERIMENTAL THEORETICAL
T
EXPERIMENTAL OR
THEORETICAL
A coin is tossed 30 times. The head appears 18
times. What is the probability of tail?

EXPERIMENTAL THEORETICAL
E
EXPERIMENTAL OR
THEORETICAL
Allyson noticed that parking lot was filled of 24 out
of 50 gray cars. Based on the data, find the
probability that the next car that comes is not red.

EXPERIMENTAL THEORETICAL
E
EXPERIMENTAL OR
THEORETICAL
There are 75 white pieces of paper in a hat along with 5
blue pieces of paper. What is the probability of blue piece
of paper was drawn on the first attempt.

EXPERIMENTAL THEORETICAL
E
ACTIVITY!
ACTIVITY!
Solve the following problems.
1. If we draw a ball from a box containing 26 white
balls and 18 black balls, what is the chance of
selecting a white ball.
2. If you roll a 20 sided die what is the probability of
getting a multiple of 4?
3. A player hits the bulls eye on a circular dart board
for 12 times out of 50 trials. What is the
experimental probability of not hitting the bull’s
eye?
4. A bag contains 8 marbles numbered 1 to 8. What is
the probability of selecting a number greater than 6.
5. In an ordinary deck of playing cards, what is the

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