Personality
development
and human
behavior
Sigmaud Freud's theory
According to Freud, there are three components that
of personality
make up a person's personality, namely the id, ego and
superego. The interaction and confl ict between these
three components is what creates a person's personality.
The ego is the conscious state, the id is the unconscious,
and the superego is the moral or ethical framework that
governs how the ego operates. More specifi cally, Freud
argued that the id is the primitive and instinctual part of
the mind which contains sexual and aggressive drives
and hidden memories.
Meanwhile, the superego operates as moral
consciousness, and the ego is the realistic part that
mediates between the desires of the id and the superego.
Carl Gustav Jung's theory
of personality
Carl Gusta v Jung's Theory of Personality.
Personality Structure. Ego. The ego is the
conscious soul which consists of
perceptions, memories, thoughts and
conscious feelings. The ego operates on a
conscious level. From the ego comes one's
sense of identity and continuity.
theory according to
According to Adler, living things are a social unitythat
Alfredbe Adler
cannot separated. They connect themselves with
other people around them in the pursuit of social
cooperation, place the general welfare above their own
desires, and acquire a lifestyle that is more powerful in
social organizations.
Adler had major contributions to thinking, namely fi rst,
emphasizing the social determinants of behavior,
second, the concept of self-creation, and third,
emphasizing the unique characteristics of each
personality.
Fritz Kunkel's Personality
Theory (Balance between
Ego and Alter Ego)
Fritz Kunkel is a psychologist who made signifi cant
contributions to the fi eld of individual psychology,
especially in understanding the dynamics of human
personality. His theory is a further development of the
thinking of Alfred Adler, one of the founders of individual
psychology.
Personality Development Goals The main goal in
personality development according to Kunkel is to
achieve a balance between these two drives. In other
words, a person must be able to develop both
individualistic and social aspects of himself.
Implications of
Kunkel's theory has broad implications in various fi elds,
Kunkel's
such as: Theory
>Clinical Psychology: This theory can be used to understand
and treat psychological problems related to the imbalance
between ego and alter ego.
>Education: This theory can provide guidance in developing
balanced character education, namely education that not
only emphasizes individual achievement, but also social and
human values.
>Everyday Life: This theory can help us to better
understand ourselves and others, so that we can build more
harmonious relationships.
Gardner Murphy's theory of
personality (A Biosocial Approach)
Gardner Murphy is a psychologist who made signifi cant
contributions to understanding the complexity of
human personality. His theory, which is often referred
to as biosocial theory, emphasizes the interaction
between biological and social factors in shaping
personality.
Key Concepts in Murphy's Theory >Physiological
Disposition: Murphy argued that the basis of
personality lies in biological factors such as
temperament, nervous system, and other physical
conditions. These factors form the initial framework for
personality development.
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>Canalization: The process by which life
... experiences shape certain patterns of behavior.
This channelization is infl uenced by social and
cultural factors, which guide individuals to develop
behavior that is in accordance with social norms.
>Conditional Response: Establishment of a
relationship between stimulus and response
through the learning process. This conditional
response is formed through life experiences and
interactions with the environment.
>Cognitive Habits: Thinking patterns and the way
individuals view the world. These cognitive habits
are infl uenced by past experiences, education, and
culture.
Implications of
>Importance of Interaction: Murphy's theory emphasizes the
Murphy's Theory
importance of interaction between biological and social factors in
shaping personality. This means that personality is determined not
only by genes, but also by life experiences and the environment.
>Continuous Development: Personality is not static, but continues to
develop throughout life. New experiences can change a person's
thought patterns and behavior.
>Importance of Environment: Social and cultural environment plays a
very important role in shaping personality. Family, friends, school,
and society as a whole exert a signifi cant infl uence on an individual's
development.
Ludwig Klages Personality
Theory (Understanding
Humans Through
Ludwig Klages was a German philosopher and
psychologist who made signifi cant contributions
Temperament and Expression)
to the understanding of human personality. His
theory, often referred to as character psychology,
off ers a unique approach to analyzing individuals
based on temperament, feelings, and powers of
expression.
Key Concepts in Klages
Theory Klages believes that temperament is an innate
>Temperament:
basic trait that infl uences a person's behavior, feelings and
thoughts. He divided temperament into two main categories:
>Sanguineous: People with a sanguine temperament tend to be
active, expressive and optimistic. They are often impulsive and
adaptable.
>Phlegmatic: People with a phlegmatic temperament tend to
be calm, patient and stable. They are often more introverted
and avoid confl ict.
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>Feelings: Feelings are emotional responses to stimuli from
the environment. Klages emphasized the importance of
understanding feelings as a driving force of human behavior.
>Expressive Power: Expressive power is a person's ability to
express themselves through language, art, or action. Klages
believes that the power of expression refl ects the depth of a
person's soul.
Implications of Klages
Theory
>Literary Psychology: Klages theory is often used to analyze
characters in literary works. By understanding a character's
temperament and feelings, we can more deeply understand
their motivations and actions.
>Self Development: This theory can help individuals to know
themselves better and develop their potential.
>Clinical Psychology: Klages' theory may provide new insights
into understanding personality disorders and developing more
eff ective therapies.
Kurt Lewin's Personality Theory
(understanding individual behavior
in the context of the environment or
Kurt
terrain) Lewin was a German-American psychologist
who is considered one of the founders of modern
social psychology. He is known primarily for his
theories of group dynamics and organizational
change.
Kurt Lewin did not develop a specifi c theory of
personality as did some other psychologists.
However, some of his key ideas in social psychology
and organizational psychology provide relevant
insights into aspects of human personality and
behavior.
Main Concepts in Kurt
>Field Theory: States that individual behavior is infl uenced by
Lewin's
a Theory
psychological "fi eld", namely the environment and internal
conditions that interact with each other. Lewin describes this
fi eld as a "living space" that infl uences a person's actions
and decisions.
>Change Model: Introduces a change model consisting of
three stages—Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing. This
model is used to understand and manage change in
organizations and groups in a systematic way.
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>Action Research: An approach that combines practical action
with scientifi c research to solve real-world problems. This
method is often used to identify problems, develop solutions,
and evaluate results systematically
>Group Dynamics: Studies how interactions and group
structure infl uence individual behavior. Lewin focused on how
norms, roles, and interpersonal relationships infl uence group
eff ectiveness.
Personality Typology
Personality typology is a classifi cation system used to group
individual personalities into certain types based on similar
traits, characteristics, or behavioral patterns. The purpose of
personality typology is to understand and explain individual
diff erences in the way people think, feel, and act.
Here are some important aspects of personality typology
including:
>Type Classifi cation: Personality typology divides individuals
into diff erent categories or types based on certain
characteristics.
>Measurement and Assessment: Many typology systems use
assessment instruments such as questionnaires or tests to
identify a person's personality type.
Advanced...
>Use in Psychology and Personal Development: Personality
typologies are frequently used in a variety of contexts,
including clinical psychology, personal development,
education, and management, to help understand and predict
behavior, improve interpersonal relationships, and design
more eff ective interventions.
>Dynamic Perspective: Some personality typologies
emphasize that personality types are not fi xed categories, but
rather a spectrum or dimension along which individuals may
exhibit varying degrees of personality traits.
Personality and
• Personality is a collection of characteristics and behavioral
mental traits
patterns that diff erentiate a person from other people. It includes
how a person thinks, feels, and behaves consistently in various
situations. Personality is often thought of as a mixture of innate
traits and life experiences.
• The main components of personality include:
• Temperament: Part of personality that is genetic and present at birth, such as a tendency to be shy or bold.
• Character: Aspects of personality that are formed through experience and learning, including morals and ethics.
• Behavior: Actions and reactions that can be observed in a variety of everyday situations.
Advanced
• Mental traits are aspects of thoughts and mental processes that
infl uence the way a person thinks, feels, and acts. This includes:
• Emotions: Feelings that individuals experience, such as happiness,
sadness, anger, and fear.
• Cognition: Mental processes involving knowledge and
understanding, including memory, perception, judgment, and
problem solving.
• Motivation: Internal drives that direct behavior, such as needs,
desires, and goals.
• Perception: The way individuals process and interpret sensory
information from the environment.
• Beliefs and values: Principles or standards that guide an
individual's behavior and decisions.
Personality
Disorders
Personality disorders are patterns of behavior that are persistent, inconsistent with social norms, and cause
diffi culty in functioning optimally in daily life. Individuals with personality disorders may have diffi culty
understanding and controlling emotions, interacting with others, and maintaining healthy relationships.
Personality
Types of Disorders
Personality Disorders There are several types of
personality disorders that are commonly known, including:
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Dependence Personality Disorder
nurse personality
Personality is the overall way an individual reacts and
interacts with other individuals.
Gordon Allport states that personality is a dynamic
organization within an individual as a psychophysical
system that determines his or her unique way of
adapting to the environment (Sumadi, 2005).
A nurse's personality is the overall way a nurse reacts
and interacts with her patients and other people
around her in the health environment.
Attitudes that Reflect a Good Nurse's
• Able to assess yourself realistically
Personality
• Able to assess situations realistically
• Able to assess the achievements obtained realistically
• Accept responsibility
• Independence
• Can control emotions
• Goal oriented
• Outward oriented (extrovert)
• Social acceptance
• Have a philosophy of life
• Be happy
• Caring Behavior
conclusion
In the study of personality development and human
behavior, we explore the theories and concepts that
infl uence individual identity and social interactions.
From the characters that have been described, we
understand the complexity of individuals. Personality
disorders provide insight into individual challenges,
while the personality of nurses is key in health care.
With empathy, eff ective communication, stress
management, collaboration, and dedication, nurses
provide holistic care.
Thank
You
