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cs3rd

This document provides an introduction to networking concepts, focusing on analog and digital signals, noise in communication, programming languages, and the roles of compilers and interpreters. It explains the differences between low-level and high-level programming languages, as well as the processes of coding and algorithm development. Additionally, it covers the functions of source code, object code, and assemblers in programming.

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najamshafique736
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11 views

cs3rd

This document provides an introduction to networking concepts, focusing on analog and digital signals, noise in communication, programming languages, and the roles of compilers and interpreters. It explains the differences between low-level and high-level programming languages, as well as the processes of coding and algorithm development. Additionally, it covers the functions of source code, object code, and assemblers in programming.

Uploaded by

najamshafique736
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

NETWORKING
ANALOG AND DIGITAL
TATRASMESSION
 Analog signals are types of signals that travel along a sine wave. The information sent
using analog signals moves in a continuous and fluid movement with infinite values.
Digital signals are a type of signal that travels in discrete patterns. Binary code is the
main method of sending digital information
WHAT IS NOISE

• Noise refers to any external and unwanted information that interferes with a transmission
signal. Noise can diminish transmission strength and disturb overall communication
efficiency. In communications, noise can be created by radio waves, power lines, lightning
and bad connections

 Thermal Noise
(Random movement of electron)
 Induced Noise
 Cross Talk
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) adjacent network
 Impulse Noise
QUIZ (CS-I)

1. Describe role of computer language in software


engineering.
2. Define bugs & its types during programming.
3. Define main function in detail. Explain purpose of linker
4. Feature of C Language
PROGRAM
 A set of instruction that
tells computer what to do .
Computer work according
to instructions.
A program writer is known
a programmer.
ALGORITHM
Step by Step procedure to
solve problem.
We write Algorithm before
writing actual computer
program.
EXAMPLE : TO Add Two
Numbers.
1. Start
2. Input A
PROPERTIES
OF ALGORITHM
The given problem should
be broken down into simple
And meaningful steps.
The steps should be
numbered sequentially.
The steps should be
descriptive And written in
simple English.
 It is used to
convert an
CODING
Algorithm into a
program.
 Coding is
basically the
computer
language used
to develop Apps,
websites, and
software .
 Since computer
don’t
communicate
like humans,
coding acts as a
translator. Code
converts human
input into a
numerical
sequences that
computers
understand.
LANGUAG
E
 A set of
words and
symbols
used to
write
programs is
called
Programmin
g language.
 It is a
means of
communicat
ion b/w a
user and
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES :
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES
 A language that is close to  A type of language that is
computer hardware and far close to human languages is
from human language is called called High Level Languages.
Low Level Languages.  The instruction in these
 These languages are difficult to languages are similar to
use and require deep knowledge English languages such as
of computer hardware.. input and print etc.
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES  A program in High Level
1. Machine Language Languages is easier to write
2. Assembly Language and modify.
TYPES OF LOW LEVEL
LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

 A type of language in  It is one step higher


which the instruction that machine language.
are written in binary  The assembly language
form is called Machine uses English like words
Language . instead of machine
 It is the only language instruction.
that is directly  The programs is
understood by the assembly language are
computer . easier to write and
 Every computer has its modify than machine
own machine language.
language .  Assembly language is
 Machine language is mostly used for writing
different to understand system software.
and learn .
TYPES OF CODES
SOURCE CODE OBJECT CODE
 A written in a high  A program in
level language is machine language is
called Source Code. called Object Code.
 Source code is called  It is also called
Source program. Object Program.
 Computer cannot  Computer
understand the understands object
statements of high code directly.
level language .  Object code is
 The source code diffi cult to
cannot executed by understand.
computer directly.  Object code is
 It must be converted diffi cult to modify.
into object code
And then executed.
COMPILER
 A compiler is a program that converts the instructions
of a high level language into machine language as a
whole.
 The compiler checks each statement in the source
program and generates machine instructions.
 Compiler also checks Syntax Errors in the programs.
 A compiler can translate the programs of only that
language for which it is written .

 FOR EXAMPLE :
 C Compiler can translate only those programs
that are written in C Language.
INTERPRETER
 An interpreter is a program that
Translate one instruction of the program
at a time.
 It converts the instruction into machine
language and execute.
 It displays the Error message if there is
an error in the instruction.
 The interpreter does not produce an
object program.
INTERPRETER
INTERPRETE
COMPILER R
1. It scans the entire 1. It scans the program
programs first and line by line and
translate it into translate it into
machine code.
machine code.
2. Compiler show all
errors and running at
2. Interpreter show one
Same time. error at a time .
3. Error occurs after 3. Error occurs after
scanning the whole scanning each line .
program.
4. Debugging is faster.
4. Debugging is slow .
5. Execution time is
5. Execution time is less. more.
6. Compiler is used by 6. An interpreter is
languages such as C,C+
used by languages
+ etc..
such as Java, python
etc.
ASSEMBLER
• An assembler is a program that translate
the instructions of assembly language
program into machine language.
• Assembler is having the mnemonics or
symbols in the instruction.
THANKS FOR
WATCHING

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