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q1 Lesson 1 - Doing Philosophy

The document introduces the philosophy of the human person, emphasizing the importance of a holistic perspective and the value of philosophical reflection. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom, tracing its origins to figures like Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, while outlining key branches such as metaphysics, logic, axiology, and epistemology. The document also highlights the role of philosophical questions in seeking understanding about existence, morality, and knowledge.

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6 views

q1 Lesson 1 - Doing Philosophy

The document introduces the philosophy of the human person, emphasizing the importance of a holistic perspective and the value of philosophical reflection. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom, tracing its origins to figures like Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, while outlining key branches such as metaphysics, logic, axiology, and epistemology. The document also highlights the role of philosophical questions in seeking understanding about existence, morality, and knowledge.

Uploaded by

ellaicamontal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Meaning and

Process Doing
Philosophy
Introduction to the Philosophy of
t h e H u m a n Pe r s o n
objectives:
At the end of this session, you should be
able to:
• distinguish a holistic perspective from
a partial point of view.
• realize the value of doing philosophy
in obtaining a broad perspective on
life; and
• do a philosophical reflection on a
concrete situation from a holistic
perspective.
Lesson 1: The
Meaning and
Nature of
Philosophy
What comes into
your mind when
you hear the
word
“Philosophy”?
What is Philosophy?

Philosophy
The word “philosophy”, particularly
Western Philosophy, originated from two
Greek words PHILO which means “LOVE”
and SOPHIS, “WISDOM”
Love of wisdom refers to the strong
desire of the human person to possess
knowledge and apply it correctly.
What is
Philosophy?
In the 6th century BCE, Pythagoras
was the first to call himself a
philosopher, from the Greek word
philosophos, or “lover of wisdom”.
He did not claim that he was wise.
But by calling himself a
philosopher, he was saying that he
was person who valued and
cherished wisdom.
PHILOSOPHIZING

Philosophizing traces its roots to when people


started asking “why” and tried looking for
answers.

It is an attempt to logically formulate,


understand, and answer the Essential
questions that we ask.
PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS

Always remember that these are difficult


questions and almost impossible to answer.
These questions can only be answered by
using reason as a tool wherein it can be
expressed in different forms such as the ability
to reflect, ask questions, explain one’s thought
and analyze certain experiences and
phenomenon.
Philosophical Questions
• What is the origin of the universe
and everything that exists?
• Does God exist? If so, why is
there suffering?
• What is the meaning and purpose
of life?
Big
Names in
Philosoph
y
SOCRATES

• First major Greek


philosopher.
• He came up with the
Socratic Method.
SOCRATIC METHOD
• A way of studying
problems through a
questions and answer
technique.
• Example - WHY Did
you do that?
SOCRATES
• His thoughts focused
on morals, good and
evil and society.
• He did not write a lot
but Plato, his student,
record all his
thoughts.
PLATO
• Plato wrote about his philosophy in
conversations called “dialogues”
and his most famous work, the
Republic. This is where he expressed
his thought that of all people, a
philosopher should be king.
• Plato believed that once should not
live in luxury, but instead in
simplicity.
• He founded his own school, the
Academy where Aristotle became
ARISTOTLE
• Aristotle was a student of Plato, but
didn’t always agree with his
teacher.
• He liked to focus more on science
as one of the practical areas of
philosophy.
• He found his own school called The
Lyceum.
• For him, reason was the highest
good and that having self-control is
very important.
THE BRANCHES
OF PHILOSOPHY
METHAPHYSICS
• Study of the physical universe and the nature of
ultimate reality.
• The study of reality and existence. Is metaphysics,
named from a set of books written by Aristotle, asking
what is being, what are first causes, and what is
change. It studies what we are and what our
purpose is, seeking knowledge about everything
from the nature of the entire universe to that of
the human mind.
• It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion.
LOGIC
• Differentiates between valid and confusing ideas.
• Valid Ideas – Based on sensible reasoning. Based
on truth or reason; able to be accepted.
• Confusing idea – to mix up someone’s mind or
ideas, or to make something difficult to understand.

examples:
What is good reasoning? (valid)
Not so good reasoning? (confusing)
AXIOLOGY
• Study of principles and values (Ethics and
Aesthetics)
• Ethics – What is right behavior?
• Aesthetics – What is beauty and ugly?
• Axiology also called theory of value. The
branch of practical philosophy which studies
the nature of value.
• The study of axiology is concerned with
categorizing things as good and how good they
are.
EPISTEMOLOGY
• The philosophical study of the nature, origin
and limits of human knowledge.
• Also known as the theory of knowledge.
examples:
What is knowledge? (kaalaman)
What do people know? Do we know things?
And if we do, how and when do we know
things?

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