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CALIBRATION METHODS
STANDARD
ADDITION
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WHAT IS STANDARD
ADDITION?
It is particularly useful for
analyzing complex
matrices where the
concentration of an
analyte is unknown and
may be affected by the
presence of other
substances.
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PURPOSE OF THE
METHOD
This method aims to improve
accuracy in measuring the
concentration of an analyte in a
sample by adding known
quantities of that analyte to the
sample. This allows for a direct
comparison between the original
sample and the spiked samples,
leading to more reliable results.
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TYPES OF STANDARD
ADDITION METHOD
SINGLE STANDARD MULTIPLE STANDARD
ADDITION ADDITION
This method involves adding a known In this approach, varying amounts of the
quantity of a standard solution to one standard solution are added to several
portion of the sample. The response portions of the sample. Each portion is
(e.g., absorbance) is measured before measured, and a calibration curve is
and after the addition, allowing for the constructed by plotting the response
calculation of the analyte concentration against the amount of standard added.
based on the difference in responses. This method provides a more
This method is straightforward and comprehensive analysis and helps to
useful when only one additional account for matrix effects more
measurement is needed effectively than a single-point addition
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APPLICATION WHY USE STANDARD
ADDITION?
Standard addition is widely used
• Minimizes Matrix Effects: By
in various fields, including:
compensating for interferences
from other components in the
• Environmental Analysis: Measuring
sample, this method provides a
pollutants in water or soil samples.
more accurate representation of
• Clinical Chemistry: Determining
the analyte's concentration.
concentrations of substances in
• Versatility: It can be applied to a
biological fluids, such as blood or
wide range of samples, making it
urine.
a valuable tool in analytical
• Food Safety: Analyzing
chemistry.
contaminants or additives in food
products.
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METHOD 1
Illustration showing the method of standard in
which separate aliquots of sample are diluted
additions to the same final volume. One aliquot
of sample is spiked with a known volume of a
standard solution of analyte before diluting to
the final volume
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METHOD 2
Illustration showing an alternative form of
the method of standard additions. In this
case a sample containing the analyte is
spiked with a known volume of a standard
solution of analyte without further diluting
either the sample or the spiked sample.
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HERE ARE SOME
EXAMPLES!
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EXAMPLE 1
Copper was determined in a river water sample by atomic absorption
spectrometry and the method of standard additions. For the addition,
100.0 µL of a 1000.0 µg/mL. Cu standard was added to 100.0 mL of
solution. The following data were obtained:
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EXAMPLE 1
ANSWER
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EXAMPLE 2
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EXAMPLE 2
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EXAMPLE 3
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EXAMPLE 3
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EXAMPLE 4
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EXAMPLE 4
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EXAMPLE 4
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ALIBADBAD KAIZER
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H I N A M PA S JA N E
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