CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Module 1: Chemicals in
Cosmetics
Module 2: Soaps and
Detergents
Module 3: Dyes
Module 4: Insect Repellants
 Consumers
Chemistry
Quarter 3 –
Module 1:
Chemicals Found
in Cosmetics
CHEMICALS IN COSMETICS
“SELL ME!”
 COSMETICS
Also known as make-up, are
substances or products used to
enhance the appearance or the
fragrance of the body. (MWD)
Defined as, intended to be
applied to the human body for
cleansing, beautifying,
promoting attractiveness
without affecting the body’s
structure or functions. (FDA)
 COSMETICS
can be defined as a substance or
preparation intended for
placement in contact with any
external part of the human body
(this includes the mouth and teeth).
It is also used to cleanse, protect,
and change the body’s
appearance or alter its odors.
 COSMETICS
Common cosmetics include
creams, lipstick, mascara, eye
shadow, foundation, skin
cleansers, lotions, shampoo,
hairstyling products, rouge,
perfumes, creams, talcum
powder and deodorants.
ETYMOLOGY
Derived from Greek words:
Kosmetike tekhne – technique of
dress ornament.
Kosmetikos – skilled in ordering
or arranging.
Kosmos – amongst others
“order” and “ornament”.
HISTORY
Sumerian men and women were
possibly the first to invent and wear
lipstick about 5,000 years ago using
gemstones.
Around 3000 to 1500 BC, women in the
Indus Valley Civilization applied red
tinted lipstick to their lips for face.
decoration.
Ancient Egyptians used lipstick initially
made using pearlescent substance.
6000 yr old relics of tombs of Ancient
Egyptian Pharaohs are discovered
Egyptian women applied galena
mesdemet (made of copper and lead
ore) and malachite (bright green paste
of copper minerals) to their faces for
color and definition.
Chinese stained their fingernails
with gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and
egg. The colors were used to represent
social class:
Chou dynasty royals wore gold and
silver; the Middle classes wore black or
red; Lower classes were forbidden to
wear bright colors on their nails.
Henna was used in India both as a hair dye and
Mehndi, an art form in which intricate designs
were painted on the hands and feet using a
paste made from the henna plant, especially
before a Hindu wedding. Henna is still also used
in some North African cultures.
Italy and France emerged as the main
cosmetics manufacturing centers in Europe,
and only the aristocracy had access.
European women often attempted to lighten
their skin using a variety of products,
including white lead paint.
Queen Elizabeth I of England was one
well-known user of white lead paint, with
which she created a look known as “the Mask
of Youth.”
HISTORY
The Ancient Greeks also used
cosmetics as the Ancient Romans did.

Cosmetics are mentioned in the Old Testament:

2 Kings 9:30, where Jezebel painted her eyelids
(840 BC) and in the book of Esther, where
beauty treatments are described..
During 16th century, the personal attributes of
the women who used make-up created a
demand for the product among the upper class.
As of 2016, the world’s largest
cosmetics company is L’Oreal.
HISTORY
 Cosmetic Product Forms
Viscosity refers to the resistance to flow. It also
refers to how the product behaves and flows
a. To when
make put in a particular
it easy to apply - container.
A body mist must
have low viscosity for it to flow freely and be
distributed in an even manner, while lipsticks and lip
balms must be highly viscous to stick on one’s lips
and protect the skin.
b. To make it easy to dispense and use the
right amount – Shampoo must be viscous enough
to pour it from a bottle in a controlled amount and
need to
stay in the hand while applying it on the head.
c. To suit customers’ perception – customers
often judge the conditioning benefits of a conditioner
by how thick and creamy it is.
Cosmetic Product Forms
a. Liquid
● It can flow freely from runny like water to runny like honey.
● Water-based liquid can only contain a small amount of oils
appropriately solubilized.
Examples: perfume, body mist, skin toner

b. Gel
● It is thicker than liquid and has limited flow properties.
● It is formed through the use of gum or thickening agents.
Examples: water-based (hair-styling gel); oil-based ( viscous
hair oils)

c. Foaming Gel
● It is used to describe foaming products with honey-like
viscosity.
● It has limited flow capacity and prevents the product from
running out
of the hand since it foams up.
Examples: shampoo, liquid body wash, and foaming facial
cleanser
Cosmetic Product Forms
d. Serum
● It varies from low viscosity gel to almost lotion-like.
● It is used to deliver critical ingredients in a light product
form.
● It is made up of smaller molecules that can penetrate deeply
into the skin and deliver a high concentration of active
ingredients.
Examples: Vitamin C serum and facial serum

e. Lotion
It contains low viscosity emulsions.
● Emulsion – is a mixture of two naturally not soluble
substances (like oil and water) by use of a material to hold
them together (emulsifier)
● It can readily be pumped or squeezed from packaging with a
little effort or may run semi freely.
● The viscosity of lotions can be altered by using different
emulsifying agents, consistency factors (beeswax or other
waxes), or gums or thickening agents.
Examples: hand and body lotion, medicated lotion
Cosmetic Product Forms
f. Cream
● It contains medium to high viscosity emulsions.
● It is suitable to be put in jars or small bottles with a wide mouth
or bigger pump nozzles.
Examples: Anti-aging creams, skincare creams
● Creams can be in the form of:
􀀀 Oil in water emulsions (o/w)
● droplets of oil in water continuous phase
● tends to have a light-after feel on the skin being waterbased
􀀀 Water in oil emulsions (w/o)
● droplets of water in a continuous oil phase
● has a greasier-after feel since it is oil-based
● It has higher viscosity because of its high oil content.
g. Powder
● It is utilized readily in the color cosmetics industry like eye
shadow, blushes, pressed, loose powder, and mineral make-up.
Examples: baby powder, talc, blusher, most of the make-up
products
Cosmetic Product Forms
h. Balm
● It is mostly or entirely oil-based with semi-
solid consistency.
Examples: Hair and lip balm, lipstick
i. Mud
● It is often presented as a semi-solid product
with the use of different clay and with the
presence of oils
Examples: Mud clay mask
j. Scrub
● It contains various sized particles to exfoliate
skin mechanically.
Examples: Salt or sugar exfoliating body scrub
TYPES:
Facial Skin creams, lipsticks, eye and
Cosmetics: facial make-up, towelettes,
colored contact lenses
Body Cosmetics: Deodorants, lotions, powders,
perfumes, baby products, baby
oil, bath salts

Hand/Nail Nail polish, hand sanitizer

Cosmetics:
Hair Cosmetics Permanent chemicals, hair
colors, hair sprays, gel,
mascara, eyelashes
Examples of Cosmetics:
Facial
Cosmetics: 1. PRIMER – applied before
foundation, meant to reduce
the appearance of pore and
prolong make-up.

2. CONCEALER – Thicker than

foundation, a make-up covers
imperfections in the skin.
Facial
3. ROUGE – cheek coloring to
Cosmetics: bring out the color in the
cheeks and make the
cheekbones appear more
defined.

4. CONTOUR – applied to give

shape to an area of face.

5. BRONZER – gives skin a bit of

color by adding gold or bronze
glow/ shimmery look

6. HIGHLIGHT – use to draw

attention to the high points of
the face as well as to add glow.
Examples of Cosmetics:
Body Cosmetics:
1. PERFUMES - a mixture of
fragrant essential oils use to
give a human body a pleasant
scent.

2. DEODORANT – A substance
applied to the body to prevent
body odor caused by bacterial
breakdown of perspiration.
Examples of Cosmetics:
Hands/ Nails Cosmetics:
1. NAIL POLISH – used to
color fingernails to
toenails.

2. HAND SANITIZER – alcohol-based

type preferred to hand washing with
soap and water effective in killing
microorganisms.
Examples of Cosmetics:
Hair Cosmetics:
1. MASCARA – use to
darken, lengthen, thicken
or draw attention to the
eyelashes.

2. FALSE EYELASHES –
used when exaggerated
eyelashes are desired.
 End of
presentation…
ACTIVITY:
In this activity, try to test your ability by
identifying the cosmetic product’s chemical
ingredients’ functions. Follow the instructions
below.

a. Take two cosmetic products available at home.

b. Look for ingredients found on the cosmetic’s
packaging.
c. Study the chemical composition of the products.
d. Write down the name, type and specific
ingredients of the given cosmetics.
NAME TYPE INGREDIENTS