MOTIVATION

What is Motivation?

What Made You Get Out Of Bed This

Morning????

What Made You Study For Your

Exams???

What Is The Cause Of Behavior???

 • The internal state or condition that activates and
gives direction to our thoughts, feelings and
actions
• Process which begins with a physiological or
psychological need or deficiency which triggers a
behavior or a desire that is aimed at a goal or an
incentive.

What is Motivation?
• Intrinsic Motivation
• Arise from within the individual
• An activity is intrinsically motivating if a person does it
voluntarily. Intrinsic Motivation: Doing something because
you enjoy it or find it interesting (e.g., reading for fun).
• Extrinsic Motivation
• Arise from outside of the individual
• Is when one is motivated by external factors
• Extrinsic Motivation: Doing something to get a reward or
avoid punishment (e.g., studying to earn good grades).

Types of Motivation
• Anything that arouses the individual and directs his or
her behavior towards some goal is called a Motive
• Motive is a factor which influences to do anything
because anything we do has a motive behind
• A motive is a specific reason or need that drives a
person to act in a certain way or pursue a goal.
• Example: Hunger is a motive that drives you to eat.

Motives
• Primary Motives
• Primary motives also known as biological motives, have
a definite physiological basis and are biologically
necessary for survival of the individual or species.
Primary Motives: Basic needs essential for survival,
like hunger, thirst, and sleep.
• The biological motives consist
of
 Hunger
 Thirst
 Etc
• Secondary Motives
• Secondary motives are learned motives and are sometimes
known as psychosocial motives
• Secondary Motives: Learned needs, like earning money,
gaining approval, or achieving success.
• They are classified in two types
Social
•Social motive are those which motivates us to go out, interact with
people
Psychological
•Psychological motives are individualistic in nature
• Psychosocial or secondary motives contain
 Need for affiliation
 Need for approval
 Need for achievement
 Self actualization
 • Instinct Theory
• Incentive Theory
• Drive theory
• Arousal Theory
• Humanistic Theory

Theories of Motivation
• People are motivated to behave in certain ways because
they are evolutionarily programmed to do so.
• Instinct Theory suggests that behavior is driven by
automatic, unlearned instincts. These are natural
patterns of behavior that everyone is born with, like a
baby crying when hungry or birds migrating for winter.
• An example of this in the animal world is seasonal
migration. These animals do not learn to do this, it is
instead an inborn pattern of behavior.

Instinct Theory
• People are motivated to do things because of external rewards
• Incentive Theory suggests that people are motivated to do
things because of external rewards or incentives. These
rewards can be anything like money, praise, or other benefits
that encourage a person to take action.
• For example, you might be motivated to go to work each day
for the monetary reward of being paid.
• Behavioral learning concepts such as association and
reinforcement play an important role in this theory of
motivation.

Incentive Theory
 Drive-
Need Drive reducing
Behavior

• People are motivated to take certain actions in order to

reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet
needs
• Drive Theory suggests that people are motivated to
take action to satisfy basic needs, like hunger or thirst,
which create a "drive" or urge to fulfill them. Once the
need is satisfied, the drive is reduced.
• For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass
of water in order to reduce the internal state of thirst.
Drive Theory
We are pushed by internal drives

Whereas

We are pulled by incentives

• Arousal refers to a state of being physically or
mentally alert and active.
• Arousal Theory suggests that people are motivated to
seek an optimal level of excitement or alertness. If
we're too bored or under-stimulated, we seek activities
to increase arousal; if we're too stressed or over-
stimulated, we seek calmness.
• According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain
an optimal level of arousal, although this level can
vary based on the individual or the situation.

Arousal Theory
• Humanistic Theory focuses on the idea that people are
motivated by a desire for personal growth, self-
fulfillment, and achieving their full potential. It
emphasizes self-actualization, where individuals strive
to become the best version of themselves.
• People also have strong cognitive reasons to perform
various actions
• Humans are driven to achieve their maximum potential
and will always do so unless obstacles are placed in
their way

Humanistic Theory
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• (Abraham Maslow 1970)
• Maslow believed that humans have specific needs that
must be met and that if lower level needs go unmet,
we can not possible strive for higher level needs
• The Hierarchy of Needs shows that at the lower level,
we must focus on basic issues such as food, sleep, and
safety.
• Without food, without sleep, how could we possible
focus on the higher level needs such as respect,
education, and recognition?
• Equity Theory
• Equity Theory suggests that people are motivated by fairness in their
relationships. They compare their inputs (effort, time) and outcomes
(rewards, recognition) with others. If they perceive an imbalance (e.g.,
doing more work but receiving less reward), it can lead to dissatisfaction
and a desire to restore fairness.
• Expectancy theory
• Expectancy Theory suggests that people are motivated to act based on the
expected outcomes of their actions. They will put in effort if they believe:
• Expectancy: Their effort will lead to good performance.
• Instrumentality: Good performance will lead to rewards.
• Valence: The rewards are valuable to them.

Motivational Theories
Applied at Workplace