Statistics

and
Probability
Second Semester
Prepared by:
LIZA P. SEWALA, MT-1, EMNHS
 Chapter 2
Lesson 2
Understanding
the z-Scores
Objectives:
Relate a random variable
distribution to a normal variable
distribution
Understand the concept of z-score
Convert a random variable to a
standard normal variable and vice
versa
Solve problems involving random
variables and normal variables
Let’s Check Your
Knowledge!
Tell whether the given statement is
TRUE or FALSE
1. The normal curve is a bell-shaped
probability distribution.
2. At the base of a normal curve,
there are six standard deviations
expressed as z.
Let’s Check Your
Knowledge!
Tell whether the given statement is
TRUE or FALSE
3. The tails of the curve touches the
baseline so that the curve can cover
100% of the area under it.
4. The skewness of a normal curve is
0.
Let’s Check Your
Knowledge!
Tell whether the given statement is
TRUE or FALSE
5. The probability that a random
score occurs between z = 1 and z = 0
is .3413.
6. The probability that a random
score occurs between z = 1 and z = 0
is .6826.
Let’s Check Your
Knowledge!
Tell whether the given statement is
TRUE or FALSE

7. The z-score is, in fact, a standard

deviation value.

8. The mean and the standard

deviation of a normal distribution is
0 and 1 respectively.
Exploring the z-score
z=
0.45

-3 -2 -1 0 0.5
1 2 3

Where do you think is z = 0.45

located?
Exploring the z-score
z=- z=
0.45 0.45

-3 -2 -1 0.5 0 0.5
1 2 3

Where do you think is z = -0.45

located?
Exploring the z-score
z=
2.06

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Where do you think is z = 2.06

located?
Exploring the z-score
z=- z=
2.06 2.06

-3 -2 -1 0.5 0 0.5
1 2 3

Where do you think is z = -2.06

located?
Exploring the z-score

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
How do you locate the position of z-
score?
Exploring the z-score
z-score
The areas under the normal curve
are given in terms of z-values or
scores.
Either the z-scores locates X within a
sample or within a population.
Exploring the z-score
z-score
The formula for calculating z
is:
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES

Given the mean, μ = 50 and

the standard deviation, σ = 4 of
a population of Reading Scores.
Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score X = 58.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
1

𝑿 −𝝁
Use the
computing
formula for
𝒛=
𝝈
finding z-scores
of population
data
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
2
Check the given
values. Since
these are  μ = 50
population σ = 4
values, the z-
score locates X
 X = 58
within a
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
3

Substitute the 𝟓𝟖−𝟓𝟎

given values in
𝒛=
𝟒
the computing
formula.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
SOLUTION: Step
4

Computing z- 𝟖
𝒛 = =𝟐
value.
𝟒
Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the
raw score 58 is 2 in a population
distribution.
Exploring the z-score
Consider this situation: READING SCORES
What does the results mean?
Conclusion:
With respect to
the mean, the score
58 is above the
population mean.
We can also say
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 that the score 58 is
3 4 4 X=50 5 5 6 above average.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE

Locate the z-value that

corresponds to a PE score of 39
given that μ = 45 and σ = 6.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE
SOLUTION: Step
1

𝑿 −𝝁
Use the
computing
formula for
𝒛=
𝝈
finding z-scores
of population
data
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE
SOLUTION: Step
2
Check the given
values. Since
these are  μ = 45
population σ = 6
values, the z-
score locates X
 X = 39
within a
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE
SOLUTION: Step
3

Substitute the 𝟑𝟗−𝟒𝟓

given values in
𝒛=
𝟔
the computing
formula.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE
SOLUTION: Step
4

Computing z- −𝟔
𝒛= =− 𝟏
value.
𝟔
Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the
raw score 39 is -1 in a population
distribution.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in PE
What does the results mean?
Conclusion:
With respect to
the mean, the score
39 is below the
population mean.
We can also say
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 that the score 39 is
2 3 3 X=45 5 5 6 below average.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test

Given X = 20, = 26 and s = 4.

Compute the corresponding z-
score.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test
SOLUTION: Step
1
Use the
computing
formula for
finding z-scores
of sample data
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test
SOLUTION: Step
2

Check the given  X = 20

values. The z-  = 26
score locates X
in a sample.
s = 4
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test
SOLUTION: Step
3

Substitute the 𝟐𝟎−𝟐𝟔

given values in
𝒛=
𝟒
the computing
formula.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test
SOLUTION: Step
4
Compute the −𝟔
𝒛= =− 𝟏. 𝟓
z-value. 𝟒
The corresponding z-score is -1.5 to the
left of the mean.
Exploring the z-score
Example: SCORES in a Science Test
What does the results mean?
Conclusion:
Z=-
1.5 With respect to
the mean, the score
20 is below the
population mean.
We can also say
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 that the score 20 is
1 1 2 2 X=26 3 3 3 below average.
REFLECTION
Based on the examples
given, what do you think is
the importance of
understanding
z-scores in real life
situations?
REFLECTION
What is the indication that you
are going to use the formula
for population?
What is the indication that you
are going to use the formula
for sample?
REFLECTION
What does these phrases
mean?
 Below Average
 Above Average
 To the Right of the Mean
 To the Left of the Mean
Try This…
A. State whether the z-score locates the raw
score X within a sample or within a population?

1. X = 50, s = 5, = 40
2. X = 40, σ = 8, μ = 52
3. X = 36, s = 6, = 28
B. From the given above, state whether each
raw score lies below or above the mean.
Try This…
C. Given = 62 and s = 8. Find the z-score value
that corresponds to each of the following
scores up to two decimal places:

1. X = 70
2. X = 78
3. X = 50
Test Yourself!!!
A. State whether the z-score locates the raw
score X within a sample or within a population?

1. X = 74, s = 10, = 60
2. X = 82, σ = 15, μ = 75
3. X = 45, s = 5, = 38
B. From the given above, state whether each
raw score lies below or above the mean.
Test Yourself!!!
C. Given = 62 and s = 8. Find the z-score value
that corresponds to each of the following
scores up to two decimal places:

1. X = 82
2. X = 42
3. X = 74
ENRICHMENT
Suppose you have the population values
50 and 80 and their corresponding z-
scores are -1 and 2, respectively. Is it
possible to determine the population’s
mean and standard deviation? If so,
what are these values? If not, explain
why is it impossible.
Note: Support your answers with
solutions and explanations.