Introduction of Cloud Computing

• Cloud Computing is the combination of

Network with Internet.
• It is a technology which is manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the hardware
and software resources remotely.
• It offers online data storage, infrastructure,
and application.
• It is the on-demand delivery of IT resources
over the Internet.
• Instead of buying, owning, and
maintaining physical data centers and
servers, one can access technology
services, such as computing power,
storage, and databases, on an as-needed
basis from a cloud server.
Cloud Deployment Model
 Public Cloud
• Public cloud is open to all to store and access information
through Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
• In public cloud, computing resources are managed and
operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM
• Smart Cloud Enterprise, Microsoft, Google App
• Engine, Windows Azure Services Platform.
Advantages of Public Cloud Disadvantages of Public Cloud
o Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid o Public Cloud is less secure because resources are
cloud. shared publicly.
o Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do
o Performance depends upon the high-speed
not need to worry about the maintenance.
o Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better internet network link to the cloud provider.
flexibility approach to consumers. o The Client has no control of data.
o Public cloud is location independent because its services are
delivered through the internet.
 Private Cloud
• Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud.
• It is used by organizations to build and manage their own data
center's internally or by the third party.
• Based on the location and management, National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the
following two parts-
• o On-premise private cloud
• o Outsourced private cloud

Advantages of Private Cloud Disadvantages of Private Cloud

o Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to the o Skilled people are required to manage and operate
users. cloud services.
o Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and
o Private cloud is accessible within the organization,
space capacity.
o It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT so the area of operations is limited.
resources. o Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that
o The organization has full control over the cloud because it is have a high user base, and organizations that do not
managed by the organization itself. So, there is no need for the have the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient manpower
organization to depends on anybody. to maintain and manage the cloud.
o It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for
their personal use and data security is the first priority.
 Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the
private cloud.
• It is partially secure because the services which are running
on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the
services which are running on a private cloud can be accessed
only by the organization's users.
• Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and
Google Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One
Drive), Amazon Web Services.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
o In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as
o Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require good as the private cloud.
more security than the public cloud. o Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because
o Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and it is difficult to manage more than one type of
services more quickly. deployment model.
o Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk. o In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the
o Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the services depends on cloud service providers.
public cloud and secure resources because of the private
cloud.
 Community Cloud
• Community cloud allows systems and services to be
accessible by a group of several organizations to share the
information between the organization and a specific
community.
• It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more
organizations in the community, a third party, or a
combination of them.
• Example: Health Care community cloud
Advantages of Community Cloud Disadvantages of Community Cloud
o Community cloud is cost-effective because the whole o Community cloud is not a good choice for
cloud is being shared by several organizations or every organization.
communities.
o Security features are not as good as the
o Community cloud is suitable for organizations that want
to have a collaborative cloud with more
private cloud.
o security features than the public cloud. o It is not suitable if there is no collaboration.
o It provides better security than the public cloud. o The fixed amount of data storage and
o It provides collaborative and distributive environment. bandwidth is shared among all community
o Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, members.
infrastructure, and other capabilities among various
organizations.
 Multi Cloud
• It’s similar to the hybrid cloud deployment approach, which
combines public and private cloud resources. Instead of
merging private and public clouds, multi-cloud uses many
public clouds. Although public cloud providers provide
numerous tools to improve the reliability of their services,
mishaps still occur. It’s quite rare that two distinct clouds
would have an incident at the same moment. As a result,
multi-cloud deployment improves the high availability of your
services even more.
Advantages of Multi Cloud Disadvantages of Multi Cloud
Reduced Latency: To reduce latency and improve user Complex: The combination of many clouds
experience, you can choose cloud regions and zones that makes the system complex and bottlenecks
are close to your clients.
may occur.
High availability of service: It’s quite rare that two distinct
clouds would have an incident at the same moment. So, the
Security issue: Due to the complex structure,
multi-cloud deployment improves the high availability of there may be loopholes to which a hacker can
your services. take advantage hence, makes the data
insecure.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
1. Front End ( User Interaction Enhancement )
• The User Interface of Cloud Computing consists of 2
sections of clients. The Thin clients are the ones that
use web browsers facilitating portable and lightweight
accessibilities and others are known as Fat Clients that
use many functionalities for offering a strong user
experience.
2. Back-end Platforms ( Cloud Computing Engine )
• The core of cloud computing is made at back-end
platforms with several servers for storage and
processing computing. Management of Applications
logic is managed through servers and effective data
handling is provided by storage. The combination of
these platforms at the backend offers the processing
power, and capacity to manage and store data behind
the cloud.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
1. Client Infrastructure: Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User
Interface) to interact with the cloud.
2. Application: The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.
3. Service: A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.
4. Runtime Cloud: Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the
virtual machines.
5. Storage: Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge
amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.
6. Infrastructure: It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud
infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage, network devices,
virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to support the cloud computing
model.
 Cloud Computing Architecture
7. Management: Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud,
storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish coordination between
them.
8. Security: Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security
mechanism in the back end.
9. Internet: The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and communicate
with each other.
 Why Cloud Computing?

• Scalability: Cloud computing services enable organizations to effortlessly scale up or

down their computer capacity to suit changing demands. The flexibility is especially
advantageous for organizations with varying workloads or seasonal demand since it
helps them to avoid the cost of maintaining superfluous infrastructure.
• Accessibility: Cloud Service can be accessed from anywhere. It provides the ability for
remote workers they can collaborate and access the same resources as their in-
organization colleagues.
• Security: Another amazing characteristic of cloud computing is that it is highly secure.
Cloud computing provides robust security measures to protect their client’s data from
unauthorized users or access.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Another benefit of using cloud computing is that it is cost-effective
and Cloud services are generally priced on a pay-per-user basis which means
organizations have to pay when they use the service.
 Cloud Based Services
1. Software as a Service(SaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the Internet. Instead
of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the Internet, freeing ourselves from the
complex software and hardware management. It removes the need to install and run applications on
our own computers or in the data centers eliminating the expenses of hardware as well as software
maintenance.
• Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web browser without any downloads or installations
required. The SaaS applications are sometimes called Web-based software, on-demand software or
hosted service.
Advantages of SaaS
• Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
• Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without needing to download and
install any software. This reduces the time spent in installation and configuration and can reduce the issues that
can get in the way of the software deployment.
• Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
• Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS provider to automatically
perform the updates.
• Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand
 Cloud Based Services
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics, Salesforce.com, Cloud
Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox, and Cloud Tran.
Disadvantages of Saas :
• Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-premises software,
meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of the SaaS provider’s platform and may
not be able to tailor the software to their specific needs.
• Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based, which means that they
require a stable internet connection to function properly. This can be problematic for users in areas
with poor connectivity or for those who need to access the software in offline environments.
• Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the security of the data stored on
their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or other security incidents.
• Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data, which can be a concern for
organizations that need to maintain strict control over their data for regulatory or other reasons.
 Cloud Based Services
2. Platform as a Service
• PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow developers to
build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud and accessed by
users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS frees
users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new application. Thus,
the development and deployment of the application
• The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services Elastic Beanstalk,
Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bees and IBM smart cloud.
Microsoft Azure Cloud Platform
• Microsoft is creating the Azure platform which enables the .NET Framework Application to run over the
internet as an alternative platform for Microsoft developers. This is the classic Platform as a
Service(PaaS).
 Cloud Based Services
Advantages of PaaS:
• Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and other IT services, which
users can access anywhere via a web browser.
• Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus eliminating the expenses
one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
• Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web application lifecycle:
building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
• Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus, the overall
development of the application can be more effective.
Disadvantages of Paas:
• Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the underlying infrastructure and
take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have less control over the
environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.
• Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the availability, scalability,
and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if the provider experiences outages or other issues.
• Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types of workloads or
applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain organizations.
 Cloud Based Services
3. Infrastructure as a Service
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure on an
outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where infrastructure is
provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as networking equipment, devices, database, and web
servers.
• It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by
the hour, week, or month. Some providers also charge customers based on the amount of virtual
machine spac
• The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web services, Bluestack, IBM,
Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
Amazon Web Services(AWS)
• One of the most successful cloud-based businesses is Amazon Web Services(AWS), which is an
Infrastructure as a Service(Iaas) offering that pays rent for virtual computers on Amazon’s
infrastructure.
 Cloud Based Services
Advantages of IaaS:
• Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS customers pay on a per-
user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
• Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web hosting.
• Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing software.
• Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the introduction of new
releases of the development or underlying software. This is all handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.

Disadvantages of laaS :
• Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the underlying infrastructure and
take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have less control over the
environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.
• Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and applications, which can be a
significant undertaking.
• Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and countries due to legal
policies.
 Cloud Based Services
4. Function as a Service :
• FaaS is a type of cloud computing service. It provides a platform for its users or customers to develop,
compute, run and deploy the code or entire application as functions. It allows the user to entirely
develop the code and update it at any time without worrying about the maintenance of the underlying
infrastructure. The developed code can be executed with response to the specific event. It is also as
same as PaaS.
• Both PaaS and FaaS are providing the same functionality but there is still some differentiation in terms
of Scalability and Cost.
• FaaS, provides auto-scaling up and scaling down depending upon the demand. PaaS also provides
scalability but here users have to configure the scaling parameter depending upon the demand.
Advantages of FaaS :
• Highly Scalable: Auto scaling is done by the provider depending upon the demand.
• Cost-Effective: Pay only for the number of events executed.
• Code Simplification: FaaS allows the users to upload the entire application all at once. It allows you to
write code for independent functions or similar to those functions.
• The various companies providing Function as a Service are Amazon Web Services – Firecracker, Google
– Kubernetes, Oracle – Fn, Apache OpenWhisk – IBM, OpenFaaS,
 Cloud Based Services
Disadvantages of FaaS :
• Cold start latency: Since FaaS functions are event-triggered, the first request to a new function may
experience increased latency as the function container is created and initialized.
• Limited control over infrastructure: FaaS providers typically manage the underlying infrastructure and
take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have less control over the
environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.
• Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and applications, which can be a
significant undertaking.
• Limited scalability: FaaS functions may not be able to handle high traffic or large number of requests.
 Assignment

1. Define cloud computing and explain its five essential characteristics as defined by NIST (National
Institute of Standards and Technology). (10 marks)
2. Compare and contrast the four main cloud deployment models: Public, Private, Hybrid, and
Community clouds. Provide relevant examples for each model. (10 marks)
3. Discuss the three primary cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) in detail.