Scribd
Upload
26 views22 pages

Magmatism

Magma is semi-liquid molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, primarily in the mantle and oceanic plates, and is responsible for creating igneous rocks. It can be classified into types such as tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, alkaline basalts, and carbonatites based on their formation processes. Magmatism involves the movement and solidification of magma, occurring primarily in the lower crust and upper mantle, influenced by factors like temperature increase, pressure decrease, and the addition of volatiles.

Uploaded by

appletayamin25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views22 pages

Magmatism

Magma is semi-liquid molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, primarily in the mantle and oceanic plates, and is responsible for creating igneous rocks. It can be classified into types such as tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, alkaline basalts, and carbonatites based on their formation processes. Magmatism involves the movement and solidification of magma, occurring primarily in the lower crust and upper mantle, influenced by factors like temperature increase, pressure decrease, and the addition of volatiles.

Uploaded by

appletayamin25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

MAGMATISM

Earth Science
WHAT IS MAGMA?
WHAT IS MAGMA?
• is composed of semi-liquid hot molten
rocks located beneath the Earth,
specifically in the melted mantle rock
and oceanic plate.
• creates igneous rocks
• mixtures of molten rocks, minerals, and
gases.
CLASSIFICATION
OF MAGMA
 Tholeiitic magma or tholeiites, are produce by large
degree of melting.
 Calc-alkaline basalts form along convergent plate
bounderies above subduction zone.
 Alkaline basalts form from smaller degree of partial
melting, which results in alkali-rich and silica depleted
magma of diverse compositions.
 Carbonatites are the only magmas that are not
produced by silicate source rock.
DO YOU KNOW THE
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN MAGMA
AND LAVA?
DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MAGMA AND LAVA?
DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MAGMA AND LAVA?

Magma and
Lava are both MAGMA LAVA
molten rocks.  Molten rock  Molten rock on the
beneath the
However they surface.
surface
 .Consists of molten
 Consists of molten
just differ in rocks, suspended
rocks and
suspended solids.
locations crystals, and gas  Temperature varies
bubbles. at 700 degree
 Temperature varies celcius to 1,200
at 700 degree degree celcius.
celcius to 1,300  its origins in the
degree celcius. Italian Language.
 its origins in
Ancient Greek.
MAGMATISM
• is the emplacement of
magma within and at the
surface of the outer layers of
a terrestrial planet, which
solidifies as igneous rocks. It
does so through magmatic
activity or igneous activity,
the production, intrusion and
extrusion of magma or lava.
• a process under the earth’s
crust where formation and
movement of magma occur.
SO WHERE DOES THESE
FORMATION AND MOVEMENT OF
MAGMA TAKES PLACE?
SO WHERE DOES
THESE FORMATION
AND MOVEMENT OF
MAGMA TAKES PLACE?

● These happen in the


lower part of the Earth’s
crust and in the upper
portion of the mantle,
known as asthenosphere.
HOW IS MAGMA
FORMED?
HOW IS MAGMA FORMED?

• The magma present • Partial Melting - In this


in the lower crust process, different minerals
in rock melt at different
and upper mantle of temperature and pressure.
the Earth is formed • Another factor being
or generated through considered in this process
the process of partial is the addition of volatile
melting. materials such as water
and carbon dioxide.
MELTING IN THE
MANTLE REQUIRES
ONE OF THREE
POSSIBLE EVENTS
TO OCCUR
1. AN INCREASE IN
TEMPERATURE
1. AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
Conduction in mantle happens when heat is
transferred from hotter molten rocks to the
Earth’s cold crust. This process is known
as heat transfer. As magma rises, it is often
hot enough to melt the rock it touches.
It happens at convergent boundaries, where
tectonic plates are crashing together.

Rocks are composed of minerals. These


rocks start to melt once the temperature in
the lower crust and upper mantle increases
or exceeds the melting point of minerals.
The temperature of mantle is around 1200
degrees Celsius. Rock minerals such as
quartz and feldspar begin to partially melt at
around 650-850 degrees Celsius.
1. AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE

HOT HEAT
COLD
MOLTEN CRUST
ROCKS

Heat Transfer
2. A DECREASE OF
PRESSURE
2. A DECREASE OF PRESSURE
Mantle rocks remain solid when
exposed to high pressure.
However, during convection, these
rocks tend to go upward
(shallower
level) and the pressure is reduced.
This triggers the melting of
magma. This is known
as decompression melting. This
process occurs at the Mid-Ocean
Ridge, an underwater mountain
system.
3. ADDITION OF
VOLATILES
3. ADDITION OF VOLATILES
Volatiles are substances that evaporates
easily and can exist in gaseous form. ex:
water and carbon dioxide

When water or carbon dioxide is


added to hot rocks, flux
melting occurs. The melting
points of minerals within the
rocks decrease. If a rock
is already close to its melting
point, the effect of adding these
volatiles can be enough
to trigger partial melting. It
occurs around subduction
zones.
Magma is defined as molten rock
material produced by partial
melting of the mantle and crust.

Magmatism occurs along plate


bounderies or margins and
sometimes within the plate

Magmas are classified according to


the ratio between the akalis and
silica content

You might also like