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PHYSICS PROJECT 12

The document discusses mutual induction, a phenomenon where a changing current in one coil induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby coil, foundational for devices like transformers and wireless chargers. It outlines the principles of electromagnetic induction, experimental setups, and applications, emphasizing the relationship between mutual inductance and factors such as coil turns and distance. Key findings highlight the significance of mutual induction in modern electrical technology.

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13 views11 pages

PHYSICS PROJECT 12

The document discusses mutual induction, a phenomenon where a changing current in one coil induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby coil, foundational for devices like transformers and wireless chargers. It outlines the principles of electromagnetic induction, experimental setups, and applications, emphasizing the relationship between mutual inductance and factors such as coil turns and distance. Key findings highlight the significance of mutual induction in modern electrical technology.

Uploaded by

anantshuklaphysics
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

• NCERT Physics Textbook for Class 12


• Resnick, Halliday, and Walker’s Fundamentals of
Physics
• Internet sources on mutual induction and
transformers.
INTRODUCTION:
• Introduction
• Mutual induction is the phenomenon in which a
changing current in one coil induces an electromotive
force (EMF) in a nearby coil. This concept forms the
foundation of various electrical devices like transformers,
generators, and wireless charging systems.
• Historical Background: Discovered by Michael Faraday in
the 19th century, mutual induction demonstrates how
magnetic fields interact with electric currents, forming
the basis of modern electromagnetism.
THEORY:
• Principles of Electromagnetic Induction
• When a current flows through a coil, it generates a
magnetic field around it.
• If this magnetic field changes (due to a varying current),
it can induce an EMF in a nearby coil.
• Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
• First Law: A changing magnetic field induces an EMF in
a conductor.
• Second Law: The magnitude of the induced EMF is
proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.
• Mutual Induction
• When. two coils are placed near each other, a current change in one
coil induces an EMF in the other coil.
• Mutual Inductance (M): The proportionality constant that
quantifies how effectively a coil induces EMF in the neighboring coil
• Mathematically:

• Where:
• e: Induced EMF (volts).
• M: Mutual inductance (henries, H).
• ​: Rate of change of current in the primary coil.
• Experimental Setup
• Apparatus
. Required
• Two coils: Primary (connected to an AC source) and Secondary
(connected to a galvanometer).
• Iron core (optional).
• Galvanometer.
• Connecting wires.
• Circuit Diagram
• Draw a diagram showing:
• Primary coil connected to an AC source.
• Secondary coil connected to a galvanometer.
• Optional iron core placed between the coils to increase
• Procedure
1.Connect
. the primary coil to the AC source and the secondary
coil to the galvanometer.
2.Position the two coils close to each other.
3.Vary the current in the primary coil by switching the AC source
on and off. Observe the galvanometer for deflection.
4.Add an iron core between the coils and repeat the experiment.
Observe changes in the galvanometer deflection.
5.Experiment with varying the number of turns in the secondary
coil or changing the distance between the coils.
• Observations
• Record
. the deflection of the galvanometer for different
configurations:
• With and without an iron core.
• Varying the distance between the coils.
• Changing the number of turns in the coils.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:
• Discuss how mutual inductance increases with:
• Increased number of turns in the coil.
• Reduced distance between the coils.
• Use of a magnetic core (enhances the magnetic
field).
• Relate your observations to Faraday’s Laws and the
formula for mutual inductance.
Applications of Mutual
Induction:
• Transformers: Step up or step down voltage in power
transmission.
• Wireless Charging: Mutual induction is used to
transfer power wirelessly to devices.
• Induction Cookers: Use magnetic fields to heat
cookware.
• Electromagnetic Relays: Use induction to switch
circuits remotely.
CONCLUSION:
• Key Findings: Mutual induction occurs due to
changing magnetic flux and depends on coil
configuration and materials used.
• Relevance: This phenomenon is the backbone of
modern electrical and electronic devices.

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