Scribd
Upload
13 views

DLD_Week#2

The document provides an overview of Boolean algebra, which is a branch of mathematics focused on logical operations with binary variables, primarily used in computer programming and finance. It explains various logic gates, including NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, detailing their functions, truth tables, and applications. Additionally, it highlights the significance of NAND and NOR gates as universal gates capable of constructing all logic circuits.

Uploaded by

huzaifayasin01234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

DLD_Week#2

The document provides an overview of Boolean algebra, which is a branch of mathematics focused on logical operations with binary variables, primarily used in computer programming and finance. It explains various logic gates, including NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, detailing their functions, truth tables, and applications. Additionally, it highlights the significance of NAND and NOR gates as universal gates capable of constructing all logic circuits.

Uploaded by

huzaifayasin01234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

CE-215T: Digital

Logic Design
Jawaid Shabir
[email protected]

Computer Engineering Department


WEEK NO:02
What is Boolean algebra?
Boolean algebra is a division of mathematics that deals with
operations on logical values and incorporates binary variables.
Boolean algebra traces its origins to an 1854 book by mathematician
George Boole

The distinguishing factor of Boolean algebra is that it deals only with


the study of binary variables. Most commonly Boolean variables are
presented with the possible values of 1 ("true") or 0 ("false").
Variables can also have more complex interpretations, such as in set
theory. Boolean algebra is also known as binary algebra.
What is Boolean algebra?
Boolean algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with operations
on logical values with binary variables.
The Boolean variables are represented as binary numbers to represent
truths: 1 = true and 0 = false.
Elementary algebra deals with numerical operations whereas Boolean
algebra deals with logical operations.
The primary modern use of Boolean algebra is in computer
programming languages.
In finance, Boolean algebra is used in binomial options pricing models,
which helps determine when an option should be exercised.
LOGIC GATES
The simplest logic gate would be the inverter.
It is also called the NOT gate.
It is the only gate that has a single input and a single
output.
What it does do?
It simply reverses the input condition at the output.
The Inverter…logic symbol
The Inverter
Truth Table… Application…
• It can be used to generate the one’s
compliment of any binary number.
• What is one’s compliment? Simply
the inverse of the applied number,
for example for the binary number
1001 the one’s compliment shall be
0110.
• Its hardware implementation could
be:
Hardware implementation of the one’s
compliment generator
Lets talk in terms of waveforms..
The ‘AND’ Gate

• We shall be talking in terms of the simplest And gate i.e. a two input And
gate. Apart from the inverter, for any other logical gate, the smallest gate
would be a simple two-input version.
• Consider the following diagram:
All the possible input conditions….
Lets increase the inputs to 3, then…
AND Gate operation with a continuous pulse train
The ‘AND’ Gate
Boolean Multiplication and the Applications: A Seat Belt Alarm
AND Gate System
The ‘OR’ Gate
OR Gate Truth Table
OR Gate Application
The NAND Gate
The Truth Table
The NOR Gate
The NOR Truth Table
What Universal Gates Means

NAND and NOR gates are referred to as universal gates as


the three basic gates can be constructed using either one
of the two.
This, therefore, implies that all logic circuits can be
constructed using either of the gates.
The notes show this process for NAND only but it can be
shown for NOR also.
NOT Using NANDs Only
AND Using NANDs Only
OR Using NANDs Only
OR Using NANDs– in Logic Diagram
Representation
Basic Gate Using NOR Gate
Note

 Conversions from AND, OR, NOT to NAND only rarely


produce a less complex circuit but normally the
complexity is similar.
 The advantage lies in the fact that NAND chips are
readily available and are inexpensive due to the number
sold and that any gates left over can be used in other
circuits as all circuits use the same gate types.
The Exclusive OR Gate
The truth table of Exclusive-OR
An Application

• Exclusive OR gate can be used as a two-bit adder!


The Exclusive NOR Gate
Exclusive NOR Gate Truth Table
Pulsed Operations of both Exclusive Gates
Pulsed Operations of both Exclusive Gates
Conclusion

Logic Gate is an electronic circuit that receives one or more


than one inputs and delivers single output.
There are seven logic gates. NOT, OR, AND are the basic logic
gates. NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR are the additional logic
gates.
A NOT gate inverts its single input value.
An AND gate produces 1 if both input values are 1.
An OR gate produces 1 if one or the other or both input
values are 1.
Conclusion

An XOR gate produces 1 if one or the other (but not both)
input values are 1.
A NAND gate produces the opposite results of an AND gate.
A NOR gate produces the opposite results of an OR gate.
An XNOR gate produces the opposite results of an XOR gate.
NAND and NOR gates are referred to as universal gates as
the three basic gates can be constructed using either one of
the two.
Conclusion
Conclusion

You might also like