Web Introduction

Web Technology
Web Technology refers to the various
tools and techniques that are utilized in
the process of communication between
different types of devices over the
Internet.
A web browser is used to access web
pages. Web browsers can be defined as
programs that display text, data, pictures,
animation, and video on the internet.
Hyperlinked resources on the World Wide
Web can be accessed using software
interfaces provided by Web browsers.
Web Development
Web Development is a broad
term for any activity to developing
a web site for the World Wide Web
or an intranet.
This can include web design, web
content development,
client-side/server side scripting,
web server configuration and e-
commerce development.
Web Design
It is the process of planning
conceptualizing, and
arranging content online.
Web design also includes web
apps, mobile apps, and user
interface design.
Web Technology can be classified into
the following sections:
• World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web is based
on several different technologies: Web browsers, Hypertext
Markup Language(HTML), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP).
• Web Browser: The web browser is an application software
to explore www (World Wide Web). It provides an interface
between the server and the client and requests to the
server for web documents and services.
• Web Server: Web server is a program which processes the
network requests of the users and serves them with files
that create web pages. This exchange takes place using
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
Web Technology can be classified into
the following sections:
• Web Pages: A webpage is a digital document that is
linked to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone
connected to the internet has a web browser.
• Web Development: Web development refers to the
building, creating, and maintaining of websites. It
includes aspects such as web design, web publishing,
web programming, and database management. It is the
creation of an application that works over the internet
i.e. websites.
Web Development can be classified
into two ways:
Front End Development Back End Development
The part of a website that the user Backend is the server side of a
interacts directly is termed as front website. It is the part of the website
end. It is also referred to as the ‘client that users cannot see and interact. It
side’ of the application. is the portion of software that does not
come in direct contact with the users.
It is used to store and arrange data.
Front End Languages:
• HTML : HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It
is used to design the front-end portion of web pages
using a markup language. HTML is the combination of
Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the
link between the web pages. The markup language is
used to define the text documentation within the tag
which defines the structure of web pages.
Front End Languages:
• CSS : Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS
is a simply designed language intended to simplify the
process of making web pages presentable. CSS allows
you to apply styles to web pages. More importantly, CSS
enables you to do this independent of the HTML that
makes up each web page.
• Javascript : JavaScript is a famous scripting language
used to create magic on the sites to make the site
interactive for the user. It is used to enhancing the
functionality of a website to running cool games and
web-based software.
Front End Languages:
• AJAX : Ajax is an acronym for Asynchronous Javascript
and XML. Itis used to communicate with the server
without refreshing the web page and thus increasing the
user experience and better performance.
Back End Languages:
• PHP : PHP is a server-side scripting language designed
specifically for web development. Since PHP code
executed on the server-side, so it is called a server-side
scripting language.

• Python : Python is a programming language that lets

you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
Back End Languages:
• Node.js : Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform
runtime environment for executing JavaScript code
outside a browser. You need to remember that NodeJS is
not a framework, and it’s not a programming language.
Most people are confused and understand it’s a
framework or a programming language. We often use
Node.js for building back-end services like APIs like Web
App or Mobile App. It’s used in production by large
companies such as Paypal, Uber, Netflix, Wallmart, and
so on.
Careers in Web
Technologies and Job
Roles
What are the types of roles in web
development?
• Web developer, Software developer, Web designer, UI developer,
Web designer, Web programmer, Webmaster are some of the types
of roles in web development.
• Web developer is the person who is working with the Web and
developing applications on the Web. His basic role is to create
websites and applications. He uses programming languages like
PHP, ColdFusion, JSP, ASP, Python etc.
Web development is split into two main categories: front-end, and
back-end.
Front-end developers are responsible for the look and feel,
usability, accessibility, and speed of the website.
Back-end developers are responsible for the functionality and
business rules behind the website.
What does a web-developer do?
• Web developers build your websites, and help it look beautiful and
professional. Developers have the ability to work on many different
parts of the website, including server configuration and database
development.
• Many web developers use a language called HTML to develop the
website pages. HTML is a markup language that converts your
website design into the code that is used to show the website on
the internet.
• A web-developer analyzes a customer's needs and then creates a
website or a part of a website to meet those needs. The web-
developer uses computer languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
ASP, PHP and MySQL to create a website. Above all, he also makes
sure that the website is compatible on different browsers, and that
it is easy to maintain.
Internet
Internet
Internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected networks that links together
millions of computers used by:
• Business
• Government & Educational Institutions
• Organizations and Individuals using a broad
array of electronic, wireless and optical
networking technologies.
Brief History of Internet
• Began as a US Department of Defense
network called ARPANET(1960s-70s)
• Initial services : electronic mail, file transfer
• Opened to commercial interests in late
1980s
Brief History of Internet
• WWW created in 1989-1991 by Tim
Berners-Lee while he was working in
CERN(Conseil Européen pour la Recherche
Nucléaire = European Council for Nuclear
Research)
• First website put online : August 06, 1991
Brief History of Internet
• Popular web browsers released: Netscape
1994, IE 1995
• Amazon.com opens in 1995;
• Google: January 1996
Key aspects of the Internet
• subnetworks can stand on their own
• computers can dynamically join and leave
the network
• built on open standards; anyone can create
a new internet device
• lack of centralized control (mostly)
• everyone can use it with simple, commonly
available software
People and Organization
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF):
internet protocol standards
• Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN): decides
top-level domain names
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):
web standards
Network
Network
• a group of two or more computers that are
connected together to share resources and
information.
Intranet
• group of computers that are connected
locally/privately within a company or
organization.
• An intranet is a private network used by
employees to communicate and
collaborate. They can also use the
company intranet to create content,
complete their work, and engage in the
company culture.
Extranet
• An extranet is a private network, too. It
works similarly to a company intranet;
however an extranet allows access to
authorized users from outside the
company.
Internet Backbone
• A collection of high-speed data lines
that connect major computer systems
around the world.
Internet Service Provider(ISP)
• A company that has a permanent
connection to the Internet Backbone.
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol(HTTP)
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP)
The set of commands understood by a web
server and sent from a browser.
Some HTTP commands (your browser sends
these internally):
• GET filename : download
• POST filename : send a web form response
• PUT filename : upload
HTTP Error Codes
When something goes wrong, the web
server returns a special “error code”
number to the browser, possibly
followed by an HTML document.
Common HTTP Error
Codes
Number Meaning
200 OK
301-303 Page has moved(permanently or
temporarily)
403 You are forbidden to access this page
404 Page not found
500 Internal server error
Some Internet Services
and Tools
Electronic Mail
• Electronic Mail(E-mail) is the fastest
and efficient way of communication
that is similar to postal service wherein
a person can send and receive
messages to and from one or more
recipient.
Instant Messaging(Chat)
• another form of communication over
the internet that offers an
instantaneous transmission of text-
based messages from sender to
receiver at almost real time.
Instant Messaging(Chat)
Example:
• Yahoo Messenger
• Windows Messenger
• Skype Messenger
• Chikka Messenger
• MSN Messenger
• Facebook Messenger
• Telegram
• WeChat
Wireless Application
Protocol(WAP)
• an open global specification that
empowers mobile users with wireless
devices to easily access and interact
with internet information and services
instantly.
World Wide Web(WWW)
• Known as WWW or simply web, is a
system of interactive network of sites
that offer interconnected document
access or collection of linked documents.
• It presents rich contents supporting
variety of data formats such as
multimedia and even live radio and video.
Online Shopping
• is a form of electronic commerce
whereby consumers directly buy
goods or services from a seller over
the internet without an
intermediary service.
Voice Over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) and
Internet Protocol
Televesion (IPTV)
• popular internet services that
supports live streaming or voice
and motion picture.
How does the WWW work?
Web Pages
• Web Content or Information is stored in
documents called Web Pages.

Web Sites
• Collection of related web pages are
called Web Sites.
Web Servers
• Computer hardware and software
that stores a web site is called Web
Servers.
• A software that listens for web
page request
• Example: Apache, Microsoft
Internet Information Server (ISS)
Web Browsers
• Fetches/displays documents form a
web servers called Web Browsers.
• Internet Explorer(Microsoft Edge)
• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Safari
• Opera, etc.
Home Page
• Each website contains a home
page, which is the first document
users see when they visit a site
URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
• The web browser fetches a web
page from a web server by a
request that contains a page
address.
How the Website Works?
• A website is simply a collection of web pages of codes
– codes that describes the layout, format and content
on a page.
• The web server is a internet-connected computer that
receives the request for a web page sent by your
browser.
• The browser connects your computer to the server
through an IP address. The IP address is obtained by
translating the domain name.
A website
• A website is typically a collection of web pages, images and
other elements that are linked together to form a larger,
structured document. Think of a website as a book and each
individual page is a webpage.
• A website can be made up of a single page or it could have
thousands of pages. Each page will have its own text,
images and other elements. All web pages and elements are
then placed in a folder and stored on your web host server.
• Each web page is written in codes and these codes describe
the layout, format and content on the page. The most
common coding language used to create web pages is HTML.
Static Website
• Static website is the basic type of website that is easy to create.
You don't need the knowledge of web programming and database
design to create a static website. Its web pages are coded in
HTML.
• The codes are fixed for each page so the information contained in
the page does not change and it looks like a printed page.
Dynamic Website
• Dynamic website is a collection of dynamic web pages whose
content changes dynamically. It accesses content from a
database or Content Management System(CMS). Therefore, when
you alter or update the content of the database, the content of
the website is also altered or updated.
• Dynamic website uses client-side scripting or server-side
scripting, or both to generate dynamic content.
Dynamic Website
• Client side scripting generates content at the client computer on
the basis of user input. The web browser downloads the web
page from the server and processes the code within the page to
render information to the user.
• In server side scripting, the software runs on the server and
processing is completed in the server then plain pages are sent
to the user.
Static vs Dynamic Website
Static Website Dynamic Website
Prebuilt content is same every time the Content is generated quickly and changes
page is loaded. regularly.
It uses the HTML code for developing a It uses the server-side languages such as
website. PHP, SERVLET, JSP, and ASP.NET etc. for
developing a website.
It sends exactly the same response for It may generate different HTML for each of
every request. the request.
The content is only changed when someone The page contains “server-side” code which
publishes and updates the file(sends it to allows the server to generate the unique
the web server). content when the page is loaded.
Flexibility is the main advantage of static Content Management System(CMS) is the
website main advantage of dynamic website.
QUESTIONS?