Scribd
Upload
3 views

Nervous System

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, detailing its two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It describes the structure and functions of various brain parts, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, as well as the roles of cranial and spinal nerves. Additionally, it outlines the autonomic nervous system's subdivisions, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, and their functions in response to stress and normal conditions.

Uploaded by

Jec Ruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Nervous System

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, detailing its two main divisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It describes the structure and functions of various brain parts, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, as well as the roles of cranial and spinal nerves. Additionally, it outlines the autonomic nervous system's subdivisions, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, and their functions in response to stress and normal conditions.

Uploaded by

Jec Ruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Nervous System

The Divisions of the Nervous


System
Central
Nervous
System
• Command
center
• Composed
of
interneuron
s
• Brain and
Spinal cord
Brain
• Main control
center of the
CNS
• With
protective
layer called
Meninges
Cerebrospin
al Fluid
• a clear,
colorless body
fluid found in the
brain and spinal
cord
• Fills the space
between the pia
and arachnoid
mater
• Cushion and
shock absorber
for the brain and
spinal cord
Distinct Parts
of the Brain
• Cerebrum
• Diencephalon
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem
• Limbic
system
• Spinal cord
Cerebrum
• Largest and
most noticeable
region
• 25% of the
Human Brain
• Cerebral cortex
• Corpus callosum
thick fiber
bundle that
connects the
two
hemispheres
Cerebral
cortex
• The thickest
part of the
cerebrum
• Consisting of
folds called
gyri and
valleys called
sulci
Lobes
• Frontal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital
lobe
• Temporal
lobe
Diencephal
on
• Beneath the
cerebrum
• Divided into
the
Thalamus and
Hypothalamu
s
Thalamus
• Serves as a
gateway as it
receives sensory
and motor inputs
from the body,
except smell and
receives feedback
from the cortex.

• Higher mental
process( memory
and emotion,
consciousness,
arousal and deep
states)
Hypothalam
us
• Found
below the
thalamus
• Controls the
endocrine
system
Cerebellu
m
• Second largest
part of the brain
• Located behind the
brain stem
• For muscle
coordination and
balance, posture
and equilibrium
Brain
Stem
• Connects the
brain to the
spinal cord
• Consists of the
ff.
• Pons
• Medulla
oblongata
• Midbrain
Pons
• Rounded structure
that protrudes
below the midbrain
• Means bridge
• Plays an important
role in controlling
breathing
Medulla Oblongata
• Most inferior
part of the brain
stem
• Controls
heartbeat,
breathing, blood
pressure,
swallowing and
vomiting
Midbrain
• A relatively
small part of
the brain
stem
• Reflex center
for visual and
auditory
responses
Limbic
System
• Set of connected
structures that include
the diencephalon and
areas of the cerebrum
• regulates emotions
related to fear and
emotion
• Sexual and eating
activities are
pleasurable
• Stress can lead to
high blood pressure
• The hippocampus is
the seat of memory
formation
Peripheral Nervous
System
• A collection of
nerves
connecting the
CNS to all organ
systems
• Includes the 12
cranial nerves
and the 31 pairs
of spinal nerves
Number and Name Function

I. Olfactory Sensory, carries impulses for sense of


smell

II. Optic Sensory, carries impulses for vision

III. Oculomotor Motor, moves eyelid and eyeball(superior,


inferior, medial rectus and inferior
oblique) and adjust the pupil and lens of
the eyes
IV. Trochlear Motor, moves eyeball (superior oblique)

V. Trigeminal Mixed, facial muscle including chewing


and facial sensation

VI. Abducens Motor, moves the eyeball


Number and Name Function

VII. Facial Mixed, taste, tears, salivation and facial


expression

VIII. Vestibulocochlear Sensory, auditory

IX. Glossopharyngeal Mixed, swallowing saliva and taste

X. Vagus Mixed, controls the PNS (ex. Smooth


musle of the GIT, gag reflex)

XII. Accessory Motor, Moves the head and shoulder

XII. Hypoglossal Motor, Tongue Muscle (speech and


swallowing)
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympatheti
c Nervous
system
• Most active under
normal condition

• Housekeeper
division

• Use acetylcholine
Sympathetic
Nervous System
• Dominates during
time of emotional
and physical stress

• Fight or flight
response

• Use norepinephrine
Somatic
Nervous System
• Involuntary
movement such as

• spinal reflexes

• Extremely rapid
response that
involves the PNS
but not the brain

You might also like