SETUP NETWORK CONFIGURATION

WHAT IS SYSTEM CONFIGURATION?

System Configuration is the way a

system is set up. It is the collection of
components that make up the system.
Configuration can refer to either
hardware or software, or the
combination of both.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Many software products require that the

computer has a certain minimum
configuration. For example, the software
might require a graphics display monitor
and a video adapter, a particular
microprocessor, and a minimum amount
of main memory capacity.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

When you install a new device or program, you

sometimes need to configure it, which means
that you need to set various switches and
jumpers (for hardware) and to define values of
parameters (for software).
IP ADDRESSING

IP address is a number that is used to identify a device on the network.

Each device on a network must have a unique IP

address to communicate with other network devices.
Network devices are those that move data across the
network, including hubs, switches, and routers.
A person’s mailing address relates to where the person lives
or picks up mail.
This address can change.
Media Access Control (MAC) address is assigned to the host Network
Interface Card (NIC) and is known as the physical address. The
physical address remains the same regardless of where the host is
placed on the network.
IP ADDRESS

An IP address consists of a series of 32 binary

bits (1s and 0s). It is very difficult for humans to
read a binary IP address. For this reason, the 32
bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called
octets.
In this grouped format, is hard for humans to read, write, and
remember. Therefore, each octet is presented as its decimal
value, separated by a decimal point or period.

This is called a dotted-decimal notation.

Ex.
192.168.1.5
The logical 32-bit IP address is hierarchical and is
composed of two parts. The first part identifies
the network, and the second part identifies a
host on that network. Both parts are required in an
IP address.
HIERARCHICAL ADDRESSING

For example, if a host has an IP address of

192.168.18.57, the first three octets, 192.168.18,
identify the network portion of the address, and the
last octet, 57, identifies the host.

This is called hierarchical addressing, because the

network portion indicates the network on which each
unique host address is located. Routers only need to
know how to reach each network, not the location of
SUBNET MASK

The subnet mask indicates the network

portion of an IP address. Like the IP address,
the subnet mask is a dotted-decimal
number. Usually all hosts within a LAN use
the same subnet mask.
 255.0.0.0: Class A, which indicates that the first octet of
the IP address is the network portion
 255.255.0.0: Class B, which indicates that the first two
octets of the IP address are the network portion
 255.255.255.0: Class C, which indicates that the first
three octets of the IP address are the network portion
Class D addresses are used for multicast groups. There
is no need to allocate octet or bits to separate network
and host addresses.

Class E addresses are reserved for research use only.

IP CONFIGURATION
IP CONFIG

IP Config is a command used to find out

the IP address of a certain network you are
connected to.
HOW TO USE THE IPCONFIG COMMAND?

1.Click on Start Button, then type

cmd (command prompt) on the
search box.

2. A black screen will appear as

shown in the figure below.
3. Type ipconfig and press enter. The figure below
shows the IP configuration window using the ipconfig
command. The information from this window will show
the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of a
network you are connected to.
ASSIGNING A STATIC IP ADDRESS

 In a home network with several computers and devices, it is ideal to

assign each of them a specific address.
 This is for the purpose of avoiding problems when you do troubleshooting
which requires figuring out the IP address of each of them. It is also a
means to prevent address conflicts between the devices.
 You can also manage them with ease if you have assigned their own
addresses.
PROCEDURES IN ASSIGNING AN IP ADDRESS ON A
WINDOWS BASE COMPUTER SYSTEM

 1. Open the Control Panel’s Network Connections icon.

2.Open the icon representing your computer’s network
connection.
3. Click the Properties
button in the Status
dialog box.
 4. From the list of items, choose Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 5. Click the Properties button. The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Properties dialog box appears.
 6. Type the IP address for your computer. Enter the
appropriate IP Address in the IP address section.
 7. Type a subnet mask. The value used on a local network
is commonly 255.255.255.0, but it can be different, such
as 255.255.255.127.
 8. Type the default gateway address. The default gateway is the router, so type the
router’s address. Figure 54 shows an example of assigning an IP Address, Subnet mask
and default gateway.
 9. Type the address for the preferred DNS server. The address should be obtained from
your Internet Service Protocol. It is used to help your computer find web pages and other
addresses on the internet.
 10.Type the address for the alternate DNS server. The alternate Domain Name System
(DNS) server’s IP address is something that your ISP provides.
 11.Click OK to confirm the settings.
 12.Close all other open dialog boxes and windows.
ASSIGNING A DYNAMIC IP ADDRESS
 If more than a few computers comprise the
LAN, manually configuring IP addresses for
every host on the network can be time-
consuming and prone to errors.
 In this case, using a Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server would
automatically assign IP addresses and greatly
simplify the addressing process.
UNDERSTANDING DHCP AND PING
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)

 Software utility used to dynamically assign IP addresses to network

devices.
 Eliminates the need to manually assign IP addresses.
 A DHCP server can be set up and the hosts can be configured to
automatically obtain an IP address. When a computer is set to
obtain an IP address automatically, the other entire IP addressing
configuration boxes are dimmed or disabled.
 The server maintains a list of IP addresses to assign,
and it manages the process so that every device on
the network receives a unique IP address.
 Each address is held for a predetermined amount of
time. When the time expires, the DHCP server can use
this address for any computer that joins the network.
 These are the IP address information that a DHCP server
can assign to hosts:
 IP address
 Subnet mask
 Default
 Optional values, such as a Domain Name System (DNS)
server address
 The DHCP server receives a request from a host. The
server then selects IP address information from a set of
predefined addresses that are stored in a database.
 After the IP address information is selected, the DHCP
server offers these values to the requesting host on the
network. If the host accepts the offer, the DHCP server
leases the IP address for a specific period of time.
 Using a DHCP server simplifies the administration of a network because
the software keeps track of IP addresses. Automatically configuring
TCP/IP also reduces the possibility of assigning duplicate or invalid IP
addresses.
 Before a computer on the network can take advantage of the DHCP
server services, the computer must be able to identify the server on the
local network.
 You can configure a computer to accept an IP address from a DHCP
server by clicking the Obtain an IP address automatically option in the
NIC configuration window,
 If your computer cannot communicate with the DHCP
server to obtain an IP address, the Windows operating
system automatically assigns a private IP address.
 If your computer is assigned an IP address in the range of
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255, it can communicate with
only other computers in the same range.
An example of when these private addresses would
be useful is in a classroom lab where you want to
prevent access outside to your network.
 This operating system feature is called Automatic
Private IP Addressing (APIPA). APIPA continually
requests an IP address from a DHCP server for your
computer.
PING

 The ping is a Command Prompt command used to test

the ability of the source computer to reach a
specified destination computer. The ping command is
usually used as a simple way to verify that a computer
can communicate over the network with another computer
or network device.
 The ping command operates by sending Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the
destination computer and waiting for a response.
 How many of those responses are returned, and how
long it takes for them to return, are the two major
pieces of information that the ping command provides.
USING THE PING COMMAND

 Ping is one of your most important tools in troubleshooting

Internet problems. It shows you whether the Domain Name
Server is working, whether the computer you are trying to talk to is
reachable, and how long it takes to get there. It does this at a very
low level — only the most basic Internet functions have to be up and
running.
STEPS

 1. Click on Start Button, then type cmd (command

prompt) on the search box.
 2. A black screen will appear as shown in the figure below.
 3. Type ping followed by the IP address you desire to
verify. The figure below shows the screen of the ping
command and its output.
OUTPUT
  Decoding names to network addresses — A domain name
server (DNS) resolves machine names to numeric addresses. A
single machine can have many names, all of which resolve to the
same Internet address. In the example just given, the name
www.google.com resolves to the Internet address 122.2.152.23.
 Round-trip response time — The parts of the replies that say things
like time=105ms show you how long it took from the time the client
machine sent out the ping message until a reply came back (1 ms is
1 millisecond, or one thousandth of a second).
 The variability in the times you see reflects that networks do not
always respond identically.
 Routing hop count — The part of the replies that says TTL=50 tells
you about the route the message took from one point to another.
 TTL stands for Time to Live, which is a measure of how many
rerouting from one point to another the packet has to go through
before IP declares it undeliverable.
 The number following TTL (called the hop count) is a number that
usually starts at 255 and counts down by one every time the
message gets rerouted through an intermediary computer.