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Pratap PPT Paper 3

Clonal propagation is the asexual reproduction process that produces genetically identical plants, with micro-propagation being the artificial method introduced by G. Morel in 1960. The micro-propagation process involves several stages including selection of explant, culture initiation, shoot multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization. While it offers advantages like high plant yield and disease-free plants, it also has disadvantages such as high initial costs and vulnerability to diseases.

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11 views14 pages

Pratap PPT Paper 3

Clonal propagation is the asexual reproduction process that produces genetically identical plants, with micro-propagation being the artificial method introduced by G. Morel in 1960. The micro-propagation process involves several stages including selection of explant, culture initiation, shoot multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization. While it offers advantages like high plant yield and disease-free plants, it also has disadvantages such as high initial costs and vulnerability to diseases.

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Orbit Bhatgaon
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GOVT S.V.N.S.

COLLEGE
BILAIGARH
DIST-SARANGARH BILAIGARH
SESSION-2023-24

PAPER -3rd
TOPIC-CLONAL PROPAGATION

Guidance by Submitted by
Deepak kurrey sir Pratap kishan khandekar
CLONAL PROPAGATION

 DEFINATION –
Clonal propagation is the process of
multiplying a plant by producing genetically
identical off spring through asexual reproduction

Natural clonal propagation is more difficult,


expensive and unsuccessful
The process of the using the vegetative part of a
plant as a propagatore and culturing it on artificial
medium under sterile conditions is called micro-
propagation
MICRO-PROPAGATION

 The artificial method of clonal propagation


is called micro-propagation
 The use of tissue culture for microscopic

propagation was introduced b G. morel in


1960
 In micro-propagation ,a large number of

microscopic vegetative shoots are formed


from a plant in very little space and very
short time.
STAGES OF MICRO-PROPAGATION

 Stage0: Selection of an explant


 Stage1: Culture initiation and

establishment
 Srage2: Shoot multiplication

 Stage3: Rooting of shoots

 Stage4: Acclimatization
 Selection of explant –
The first step is to choose a suitable
plant from which the explant ( a small
place of plant tissue) will be obtained.
The explant is typically taken from the
shoot tip or an actively growing part of
the plant.
 CULTURE INITIATION AND ESTABLISHMENT

 Surface Sterilization: The explant is then


surface-stenelized to eliminate any contaminant
like bacteria , fungi or other microorganisms. This
is usually done using a combination such as
bleach or alcohol
 Establishment ( Aseptic Culture): Once
sterilized, the explant is placed is a culture
medium containing essential nutrients, vitamins
and plant hormones. This culture medium provides
the necessary conditions for the explant to
develop into a callus, which is an undifferentiated
mass of cells.
 SHOOOT MULTIPLICATIN :
The callus is subculture on to a fresh medium
with the appropriate plant growth regulators such
as cytokinins and auxins this induces the
formation of shoots from the callus. The
multiplication phase involves repeated sub-
culturing of the shoot to increase phase their
numbers
 ROOTING OF SHOOTS:
The shoots are then transferred to a
rooting medium that contains auxins to
stimulate root development. This is a
critical stage as it prepares the plantlets
for acclimazation to the soil after being
removed from the in vitro conditions.
ACCLIMATIZATION OF TISSUE
CULTURE PLANTLETS
 The rooted plantlets are transferred to pots
or trays with a suitable substrate and placed
in a controlled environment to acclimatize to
the external conditions. This involves
gradually exposing the plants to natural light,
humidity and temperature condition. The
acclimatization process helps the plant adapt
to the outside environment and ensures their
survival when transferred to the field.
ADVANTAGES OF MICROPROPAGATION

1. By micro-propagation, extremely large numbers


of plants can be produce
2. It is possible to produce disease-free plants
through micro-propagation .
3. Cost-effective process – Micro-propagation
requires minimum growing space. Thus millions
of plants can be maintained inside culture vials
in a small roon in a nursery
4. This technique can be carried out through out
the year independent of seasons .
DISADVANTAGES OF MICRO-PROPAGATION
1. Establishing and maintaining tissue culture
facilities requires a significant upfront invesment.
2. Micro-propagation produces genetically identical
plants increasing vulnerability to diseases and
pests .
3. Successful micro-propagation demands skilled
personnel and precise techniques .
4. Poor adaption to the field is a common problem
METHODS OF MICRO-PROPAGATION

This can be occur by


1. multiplication by axillary bud and apical shoot.
2. Meristem Culture.
3. Embryo culture
4. Anther culture
5. Ovary and Ovule culture
6. Protoplast Culture
7. Callus Culture

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