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Key Elements and Processes

The document outlines key elements and processes in the hospital service industry, focusing on production planning, facility requirements, resource planning, scheduling, and total quality management. It describes various production plans used in hospitals, such as level, chase, and hybrid plans, and emphasizes the importance of efficient resource allocation and scheduling to meet patient care needs. Additionally, it highlights the application of total quality management principles and tools for improving service quality and patient satisfaction.

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Lillian Sanders
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3 views

Key Elements and Processes

The document outlines key elements and processes in the hospital service industry, focusing on production planning, facility requirements, resource planning, scheduling, and total quality management. It describes various production plans used in hospitals, such as level, chase, and hybrid plans, and emphasizes the importance of efficient resource allocation and scheduling to meet patient care needs. Additionally, it highlights the application of total quality management principles and tools for improving service quality and patient satisfaction.

Uploaded by

Lillian Sanders
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Elements and

Processes
in Hospital Service
Industry
Presented by: M. Rizwan
Production Planning
• Production planning in hospitals
refers to the systematic process
of forecasting, organizing, and
allocating resources such as staff,
equipment, and facilities to
ensure the efficient delivery of
healthcare services.
Different Types of Production
Plans
• Level Plan: Maintains a constant workforce and service rate, adjusting
inventory or patient queues to handle demand fluctuations.
• Chase Plan: Adjusting to demand spikes (e.g., emergency care).
• Hybrid Plan: Combining steady workforce with temporary staff for
peak periods.
Plan Type Application in Hospitals Use in Pakistan

Level Routine OPD and lab tests. Widely used.

Chase Emergency care and vaccination drives. Common during epidemics.

Hybrid COVID-19 response and seasonal demands. Increasingly adopted.


Facility Requirements Planning
• Facility Requirements Planning involves
strategically organizing a hospital's
infrastructure, equipment, and layout to
support efficient healthcare delivery.
• Key Components of Facility Requirements
Planning
• Facility Location
• Facility Layout
• Resource Allocation
Resource Planning
• Resource Planning involves organizing and managing
staff, equipment, and supplies to ensure smooth
healthcare delivery.
• Key Elements of Resource Planning
• Workforce Management:
• Urban Hospitals: Large private hospitals plan shifts and
training programs for efficient staff utilization.
• Public Hospitals: Overburdened staff due to high patient to
doctor ratios.
• Equipment Allocation:
• Private Sector: Advanced resource management ensures
timely maintenance and procurement of diagnostic tools.
• Public Sector: Frequent shortages and outdated equipment
due to limited budgets.
Resource Planning
• Material Requirements Planning (MRP):
• Ensures availability of essential medicines
and supplies.
• Examples: COVID-19 management with PPE
distribution and ventilator allocation.
• Capacity Planning:
• Aligning resources with fluctuating demand,
such as managing dengue outbreaks or
seasonal surges.
Scheduling Work
• Scheduling aligns hospital resources (staff, equipment, rooms) with
patient care needs, considering operation types and demand.
High-Volume Operations Low-Volume Operations

Routine check-ups Complex surgeries

Common surgeries Specialized treatments

Diagnostic tests Highly skilled

Emergency room services Emergency trauma care

Patient Volume High Patient Volume Low


Commonly used Priority Rules in
Hospital Operations
• First Come, First Served (FCFS)
• Application: OPD consultations and patient registrations.
• Example: Patients are seen in the order they arrive at Hospital.
• Earliest Due Date (EDD)
• Application: Diagnostic labs processing urgent tests.
• Example: Emergency lab results are prioritized over routine tests.
• Shortest Processing Time (SPT)
• Application: Quick medical tests like blood sugar checks.
• Example: Prioritizing tests that require minimal time in busy labs.
• Critical Ratio (CR)
• Application: Balancing time-critical surgeries and available operation rooms.
• Example: Critical ICU patients are prioritized for surgery at University Hospital.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
TQM: An integrated approach to improve quality by meeting or exceeding
customer expectations at every level.
Application in Hospitals
1. Customer-Driven Quality
• Collecting patient feedback to improve services.
• Example: Regular surveys in hospitals to enhance patient satisfaction.
2. Cost of Poor Quality
• Staff training to avoid errors.
• Reducing diagnostic errors.
3. Statistical Process Control (SPC)
• Monitoring infection rates using control charts.
• Ensuring consistent diagnostic accuracy through process capability
evaluation.
Seven Tools of Quality Control in
Hospitals
• Check Sheets:
• Used to record daily issues in hospital services, such as
tracking patient complaints or delays in discharge.
• Graphs:
• Monitor trends in patient admissions, treatments, or infection
rates.
• Example: Graphing seasonal increases in flu cases.
• Histograms:
• Analyze the frequency of issues like treatment delays or error
types in prescriptions.
• Pareto Charts:
• Prioritize problems (e.g., top reasons for patient
dissatisfaction).
• Example: Focus on improving the top 20% of causes leading to
80% of complaints.
Seven Tools of Quality Control in
Hospitals
• Cause and Effect (Fishbone) Diagrams:
• Identify root causes of problems like high
mortality rates or delays in surgeries.
• Scatter Diagrams:
• Correlate variables like staff workload and
patient recovery time to identify relationships.
• Control Charts:
• Ensure processes like lab test result timings
stay within acceptable limits.
• Example: Monitoring blood test reporting
times for consistency.

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