Module Objectives:

 Differentiate
Contemporary Art from
Modern art;
 Identify the major periods
in Philippine art history;
 Determine the important
artists and artworks that
shaped Philippine history.
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE
ARTS FROM THE REGION
•Topic:
•History of
•Philippine Art
ARCHITECTURE
• began as a response to
nature.
• fire was the marking used
by ancient Filipinos to
serve as a site for
dwelling, rituals, and
other gatherings.
• Made by excavation
rather than construction.
TABON
CAVE
most antiquated and
possibly the largest
cave periodically
inhabited by
prehistoric peoples
for about 30,000
years.
 Literature

●ancient Filipinos have

their own writing systems
even before the coming
of the colonizers.
Ancient Filipino Literatures

Baybayin of the Kulitan of Surat Mangyan of the

Hanunu’o and Tau-Buhid
Tagalog Kapampangan Mangyans
 Islamic Arts
• centered on the concept
of Tawhid or the unity
with God/Allah and that
“There is only one God,
there is no other God
but He.”
 Sayyid
Abbukabar
o Established the
Sultanate of Sulu in
the 15th century
o Introduced the holy
book of Quran
o Built a house of
prayers (mosques)
Sarimanok
• mythical creature
from the Islam
culture that was
made famous by
the works of late
National Artist for
Visual Arts, and
the only Moro that
was granted with
the prestigious
award, Abdulmari
Asia Imao.
Spanish Colonial
Legacy
o Spain brought the
Catholic faith.
o Some indigenous
artistic expressions
diminished.
o Indigenous artistic
expressions were
over powered by
religious arts.
Sculpture
• The carving of deities,
images of indigenous
spirituality, was
replaced by the carving
of saints or santos,
images of Christ.
 Paintings
• like the sculptures,
paintings of saints and
religious scenes were
constantly
commissioned for
churches, conventos or
residences of parish
priests, monasteries, etc.
 Textile
Weaving
Filipino clothing expanded
after colonial contact.
Indegenous textile were still
produced but low land
Christian communities
employed weaving,
embroidery and other
techniques that served the
social norms and customs.
Clothing as signifiers of
social status of a person.
Ornamentations
• Jewelries were
also used to
spread Christianity
in the Philippines.
• Wearing tattoos
were condemned
because it’s
against the
Christian practice.
 Music
• Spaniards brought
western musical
instruments that
influenced the evolution
of pre-colonial music of
Filipinos.
• Church music was also
introduced during this
period that affected the
perception of music of
the Filipinos.
 Theater
• The rituals of indigenous Filipinos
thrived alongside by the grandeur of
religious processions.
• In the second half of 19th century,
theaters became famous and
proliferated in Manila.
• The theaters featured musical
dramas, short plays, and magic
shows.
Films and Cinemas
• Salon de Pertierra named after
the spaniard Pertierra, was
established in March 1896 and
became the first movie-theater
house in the Philippines.
• January 1897, the first four
movie entitled Un Homme Au
Chapeau (Man with a Hat), Une
scene de Danse Japonaise
(Scene from the Japanese
Dance), Les Boxers (The Boxes),
and La Place de L’Opera (The
Place of the Opera) were shown.
Architecture
Part of the plan of the
spaniards to hasten
colonization was to bring
the native filipinos closer to
Catholicism through the
use of plaza complex,
where all roads lead to one;
the church and the
municipio.
 American Colonial
Legacy
• became the period of
experimentation and exploration of
new media , techniques, styles,
forms of expressions, and concepts
for filipino artists.
 Painting
The religious themes
were replaced by
landscape, still life, and
themes that show the
beauty of the land.
Fabian dela
Rosa
• first recognized painter of
the 20th century.
• most renowned and
considered the brightest
name in Filipino painting
during the first quarter of
19th century.
• Mentor and Uncle of
Fernando Amorsolo.
Fernando Amorsolo
• best known for his
illuminated landscape
paintings.
• first awardee of National
Artist Award.
• designed the logo for
Ginebra San Miguel.
 Sculpture
• were often symbolic and
represent historical
events in the
Philippines.
• filipino artists
experimented with
different new media
such as fiber glass,
aluminum, plastic,
stainless steel, etc.
Guillermo
Tolentino
• counterpart of
Amorsolo in the field
of Sculpture.
• “Father of Philippine
Sculpture”
• Bonifacio Monument
and the Oblation.
Ornamentations
Fashion remained the same
for the first five years of the
19th century.
• became more modern as
compared to the
conservative style
influenced by the Spanish
rule.
Music
• first decade of American rule was
an era of suppressed
nationalism.
• Professional Music School was
established, including UP
Conservatory of Music.
• Music education was taught in
public schools.
• American bought devices that
can play music like radio and
jukebox.
Theaters
• Enforcement of Sedation Law.
• affected the theater industry
since their performance
became limited but that didn’t
stop filipino playwrights.
• used plays as weapon for
political protest against the
American occupation.
 Film and
Cinema
• film artist and producers
strayed away from the
guidelines and commented
on socio-political issues
using the present situations
of their times and historical
matters.
• In 1912, “La Vida de Jose
Rizal” or Life of Jose Rizal
was the first film produced in
the Philippines.
 Jose
Nepumuceno
• “Father of Philippine
Cinema”
• produced and directed
Dalagang Bukid or Country
Maiden in 1919(first film
made by a Filipino).
• “Father of Nationalistic
Films”
 Architecture
• American Colonizer imposed a
new urban pattern that will be
favorable to them in achieving
their secular goals.
• City Beautiful Movement
• Neoclassical Architecture
 Philippine
Modern Art
• signifies the overall aesthetic
of art produced in the 20th
century, to early 1970’s.
• Modern Artists focused on
experimenting with their
approach to art production.
• they were trying to break free
from the conservative
practices of academism and
that resulted in a new period
in Philippine art history.
Visual Arts
• New idea of arts stating the
struggles of common
Filipino people.
• Academism
• dominant Amorsolo School
 Victorio Edades
• “Father of Modern Filipino Painting”
• National Artist in Visual Arts in 1976
• Dominant in his works are the
struggles of the working class,
painted in dark and somber colors,
and bold strokes.
• Together with Carlos “Botong”
Francisco and Galo Ocampo formed
the Triumvirate of Modern Art in the
Philippines.
Japanese
Occupation
• caused tremendous fear,
hardships, and sufferings
among filipinos.
• their way of life was greatly
affected since they lost
their freedom of speech
and expression.
• the art production and the
development of art slowed
down during this era.
 Visual Arts
• it was dangerous for Filipino artists
to create art that can possibly be
categorized as a propaganda
against the Japanese.
• Japanese hired filipino spies to
point those who were suspected as
part of the guerilla movement.
• Art Competitions were conducted
by Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng
Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI) where
filipino artists were allowed to join.
Ornamentations

In the mid 1940’s, tailoring

shops, clothing boutiques,
and dressmakers stopped
operation as the final
chapter of World War 2
took place in the
Philippines.
 Music
• Any artistic expressions,
including music, that
deemed subversive or anti-
Japanese led to torturous
consequences, even death.
• Jazz and Popular music
brought by the Americans
were banned.
 Theater
Actors and entertainers poked fun at the
Japanese or sent messages of hope in
disguise as innuendos that only the
Filipinos understood. Some
performances also conveyed hidden
messages for guerillas, a clever
instrument to disseminate information to
wider audience.Comedy bars were
 The local film industry was put into a halt during
the Japanese occupation. Live theater flourished
Film and Cinema again because most actors, directors, and
technicians went back to the stage because they
only depended on the stage shows on most major
MAnila movie theaters for income.
 Post-War
Period
• Filipino artists had the time to
reflect the national identity as a
Filipino after the destruction and
tragedies caused by the war.
• It was during this period that they
portrayed the “true social
conditions” of the masses that led
to further evolution of the Modern
Art movement.
Visual Arts
• Neo-Realism movement
• the artists explored the subject
and themes of the urban condition
and the effects of the previous war
on the lives of Filipinos.
• Abstract arts
Performance Arts
⮚ Bodabil deteriorated into vulgar
shows and later on replaced by the
popularity of film and television.
⮚ decade of the 60’s may be
considered as a major turning point
in the history of theater in the
Philippines.
⮚ It determined the path of evolution
and development of technology and
thematic concerns of the staging
and the writing of future theatrical
plays.
Film and • late 1940’s- early 1960’s - first Golden Age
of Philippine Cinema.
• Sampaguita Pictures and LVN were
Cinema established.
• Cinema became more ambitious and
produced big-budget films.
 ⮚ Modern
architectural
designs became
prominent after the
war.
⮚ Structures applied
Architecture minimalistic styles
with little to no
ornamentations.
⮚ Church of the Holy
Sacrifice, UP
Diliman.
 Martial Law and
Art after 1986
⮚ The regime of the Marcoses
produced many culture and the
arts related projects despite
the poverty and poor social
conditions of the Filipinos.
⮚ Opening of Cultural Center of
the Philippines in 1966
⮚ CCP continues to support the
arts up to the contemporary
times.
 Visual Arts
• A new artform emerged in the
martial law period as a response
of filipino artists to the atrocities
of the Marcoses.
• Social Realism- “the art which
exposes the true conditions of
the society, as based on the
artist’s keen observations of
reality and proffers alternatives
for human betterment.”
 Music
• Philippine music experienced a lot of
changes and developments during the
Martial Law period.
• Philharmonic Orchestra was formed.
• Musicians were also forbidden to make
songs against the Marcos dictatorship.
• Bayan ko regained popularity and it was
banned to be played in the public.
 Film and Cinema
• Films reflected the attitudes of
post war Philippine society.
• themes portraying socio-
political issues in the
Philippines were continuously
made but masked in a romantic
plot.
• Lino Brocka-National Artist in
Film and Cinema
Architecture
• edefice complex of the
Marcoses was bluntly shown in
their infrastructure projects.
• CCP, Manila Film
Center(Amazing Show
Building), Coconut Palace, and
the PICC.
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