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Q3 G8 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning, outlining objectives for students to identify patterns, make conjectures, and find counterexamples. It provides examples of sequences and mathematical problems that can be solved using these reasoning methods. Additionally, it distinguishes between inductive reasoning, which uses specific cases to draw general conclusions, and deductive reasoning, which applies general facts to specific instances.

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7 views38 pages

Q3 G8 Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

The document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning, outlining objectives for students to identify patterns, make conjectures, and find counterexamples. It provides examples of sequences and mathematical problems that can be solved using these reasoning methods. Additionally, it distinguishes between inductive reasoning, which uses specific cases to draw general conclusions, and deductive reasoning, which applies general facts to specific instances.

Uploaded by

bwot53393
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math

Investigation
Two left feet
Half-hearted
Painless operation
Cross breed
Moral support
Jack-in-box
Robin Hood
Green fingers
See for yourself
Green with envy
For once in my life
Broken promise
You’re under arrest
Inductive and Deductive
Reasoning
Objectives:
The student is able to (I can):

• Use inductive or deductive reasoning to


identify patterns and make conjectures
• Find counterexamples to disprove conjectures
• Apply inductive reasoning to reason
mathematically in solving problems
involving patterns.
Find the next item in the
sequence:

1. December, November,
October, ...

2. 3, 6, 9, 12, ...

3. , , , ...

4. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...
inductiv Reasoning that a rule or statement
e is true because specific cases are
reasonin true.
g
conjectu A statement believed true
re based on inductive reasoning.

Complete the conjecture:


The product of an odd and an even
number is even .

To do this, we consider some


examples: (2)(3) = 6 (4)(7) =
28 (2)(5) = 10
If a conjecture is true, it must be
true for every case. Just one
example for which the conjecture is
false will disprove it.
counterexam A case that proves a conjecture
ple false.
Example: Find a
counterexample to the conjecture
that all students who take
Geometry are 10th graders.
To Use Inductive
Reasoning
1. Look for a pattern.
2. Make a conjecture.
3. Prove the conjecture or
find a counterexample to
Exampl disprove
Show it. conjecture is false
that each
es by giving a counterexample.
1. The product of any two numbers
is greater than the numbers
themselves.
(-1)(5) = -5
2. Two complementary angles
are not congruent.
45º and 45º
Sometimes we can use inductive
reasoning to solve a problem that
does not appear to have a pattern.

Example: Find the sum of the first


20 odd numbers.

1
1+3
1+3+5
1+3+5+7

Sum of first 20 odd numbers?


Sometimes we can use inductive
reasoning to solve a problem that
does not appear to have a pattern.

Example: Find the sum of the first


20 odd numbers.

1 1
1+3 4
1+3+5 9
1+3+5 1
+7 6
Sum of first 20 odd
numbers?
Sometimes we can use inductive
reasoning to solve a problem that
does not appear to have a pattern.

Example: Find the sum of the first


20 odd numbers.

1 1
1
2
1+3 4
1+3+5 9 22
1+3+5 1
+7 6 32

Sum of first 20 odd 202 =


42
numbers? 400
These patterns can be expanded to find the “nth”
term using algebra. When you complete these
sequences by applying a rule, it is called a
function.

Examples: Find the missing terms and the rule.


1 2 3 4 5 … 8 … 20 … n
-3 -2 -1 0 1 4 16 n—4

1 2 3 4 5 … 8 … 20 … n
32 39 46 53 60 81 16 7n+2
5 5
To find the pattern when the difference between
each term is the same, the coefficient of n is the
difference between each term, and the value at 0
is what is added or subtracted.
deductive The process of using logic to draw
reasonin conclusions from given facts,
g definitions, and properties.

Inductive reasoning uses specific


cases and observations to form
conclusions about general ones
(circumstantial evidence).

Deductive reasoning uses facts


about general cases to form
conclusions about specific cases
(direct evidence).
Examp Decide whether each
le conclusion uses inductive or
deductive reasoning.
1.Police arrest a person for
robbery when they find him
in possession of stolen
merchandise.
Inductive reasoning

2.Gunpowder residue tests show


that a suspect had fired a gun
recently.
Deductive reasoning

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