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Number System 1

The document provides an overview of number systems, defining them as systems for expressing numbers with various bases, including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains key concepts such as radix points, significant bits, and the process of converting between different number systems. Additionally, it details the methods for converting binary to decimal and decimal to other number systems.

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NAKUL VTV
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Number System 1

The document provides an overview of number systems, defining them as systems for expressing numbers with various bases, including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains key concepts such as radix points, significant bits, and the process of converting between different number systems. Additionally, it details the methods for converting binary to decimal and decimal to other number systems.

Uploaded by

NAKUL VTV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

Number System
Definition
• A number system is defined as a system of writing to
express numbers.
• A number system is a mathematical system with base n,
where n represents total numbers present in that system.
• Number system is a basis for counting varies items. Modern
computers communicate and operate with binary numbers
which use only the digits 0 &1.
• Basic number system used by humans is Decimal number
system.
• Let us consider decimal number 18. This number is
represented in binary as 10010
Radix Point
• Radix point is a base point used to separate the integer
part and the fractional part of a number.
Base or radix:
• The number of symbols used in a number system is
called base or radix of the number system.
• Eg: In decimal number system – Base is 10
• In Binary number system – Base is 2
• In Hexadecimal number system – Base is 16 etc.
• Most significant bit (MSB):
• The left most bit of a binary number which has the highest place
value is called most significant bit.
• Least significant bit (LSB):
• The right most bit of a binary number which has the least place
value is called least significant bit.
• Bit:
• A binary digit is called a bit.
• Example: 0 or 1
• Nibble:
• A group of four bits is called a Nibble.
• Example: 0110, 1110 etc.
• Byte:
• A group of eight bits is called a byte.
• Example: 01101101, 11010011 etc.
Types of number systems

Binary
Octal number
number
system
system
Decimal Hexadecimal
number number
system system
Types of number systems
• Binary number system:
• The base of binary number system is 2. The digits used are 0
and 1.
• Example: 11001(2), 0101(2)
• Octal number system:
• The base of octal number system is 8.
• The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
• Example: 157(8), 2312(8), 110(8)
Table representing decimal, Octal and
binary number
• Decimal number system:
• The base of decimal number system is 10.
• The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
• Example: 0157(10), 6587(10), 0110(10)
• Hexadecimal number system:
• The base of hexadecimal number system is 16.
• The digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9, A, B, C,
D, E and F.
• Example: 0157(16), 2312(16), 0110(16), ABC5(16),
BDEF(16)
Table representing decimal, hexadecimal and
binary number
Number Base Conversion
Binary to Decimal Conversion
• The process of converting binary to decimal is
quite simple.
• The process starts from multiplying the bits of
binary number with its corresponding positional
weights.
• And lastly, we add all those products
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Decimal to other Number System
• The decimal number can be an integer or floating-point integer. When the
decimal number is a floating-point integer, then we convert both part
(integer and fractional) of the decimal number in the isolated
form(individually). There are the following steps that are used to convert
the decimal number into a similar number of any base 'r'.

• In the first step, we perform the division operation on integer and successive part
with base 'r'. We will list down all the remainders till the quotient is zero. Then we
find out the remainders in reverse order for getting the integer part of the
equivalent number of base 'r'. In this, the least and most significant digits are
denoted by the first and the last remainders.
• In the next step, the multiplication operation is done with base 'r' of the fractional
and successive fraction. The carries are noted until the result is zero or when the
required number of the equivalent digit is obtained. For getting the fractional part
of the equivalent number of base 'r', the normal sequence of carrying is
considered.
Decimal to Binary Conversion
• For converting decimal to binary, there are two steps
required to perform, which are as follows:
1.In the first step, we perform the division operation on the
integer and the successive quotient with the base of binary(2).
2.Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of binary(2).

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