SMART SENSORS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR GREEN GROWTH

Er. Ram Singh1

Ms. Sushma Soni2, Ayush Goyal3

1_Sr. Lecturer ,2_Lecturer,3_Ayush Goyal, 3rd Year Student Department Of Electrical Engineering. Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre (JECRC), Jaipur

Introduction
Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can perform one or more of the following function
logic functions, two-way communication, make decisions

Physically a smart sensor consists of transduction element, signal conditioning electronic and controller/processor that support some intelligence in a single package.

Contd ..
Sensors have an important environmental challenges. impact in meeting

Environmental degradation and global warming are among the major global challenges facing us. These challenges include improving the efficient use of energy as well as climate change.

Contd .
Smart grids and smart power systems in the energy sector can have major impacts on improving energy distribution and optimizing energy usage . Smart housing can contribute to major reductions of energy use in hundreds of millions of buildings. Smart transportation systems are a powerful way of organizing traffic more efficiently and reducing CO2 emissions.

Contd .
Sensor applications in multiple fields such as smart power grids, smart buildings and smart industrial process control significantly contribute to more efficient use of resources and thus a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and other sources of pollution. The Internet play a vital role in both, being part of the problem (they consume energy and are a source of pollution) and have the potential to provide important solutions to it.

Sensors, actuators and sensor networks: A technology overview

Sensors measure multiple physical properties and include electronic sensors, biosensors, and chemical sensors. These sensors can thus be regarded as the interface between the physical world and the world of electrical devices, such as computers . The counterpart is represented by actuators that function the other way round, i.e. whose tasks consist in converting the electrical signal into a physical phenomenon (e.g. displays for quantities measures by sensors ),(e.g. speedometers, temperature reading for thermostats).

Smart devices and smart metering

Smart devices and smart metering include sensors and sensor networks. Sensors are used at multiple places along the grid, e.g. at transformers and substations or at customers homes. They play an outstanding role in the area of remote monitoring and they enable demand-side management and thus new business processes such as real-time pricing.

Contd ..
Spread over the grid, sensors and sensor networks monitor the functioning and the health of grid devices, monitor temperature, provide outage detection and detect power quality disturbances. Control centers can thus immediately receive accurate information about the actual condition of the grid.

Contd
World-wide attention has become focused on sustainability and the need for new approaches to energy generation & utilization. Individual facts of green technologies represented sporadically in the technical committees, but there is no central focus & systems thinking approach. A PC, with its inherent systems point of view, flexibility of approach, and access to a wide range of expertise. Other professional organizations are ramping up their involvement in green activities.

Smart Grid

SMART GRID BENIFITS

Reliability Security against (cyber) attacks / disasters Ease of repair (remote repair) Increased info to consumers about E use Increased E efficiency Integration of alternative energy resources Integration of plug-in vehicles Reduction of peak demand (demand side management) Lower capital costs than alternative energy

What Does a Smart Grid Do? Three Categories

Delivery Optimization Improve the efficiency and reliability of the delivery systems.

Empower the end consumer to reduce consumption

Demand Optimization

Manage the evolving demand and supply equation along the distribution feeder

Asset Optimization

Application monitoring and diagnostic technologies to help manage the health, extend the useful life and to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure of electrical infrastructure.

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Smart Grid Applications

Applying sensing, measurement and control devices with two-way communications to electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption . Link grid condition to system users, making it possible to dynamically respond to changes in grid condition. Includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system. Capability of integrating renewable electricity such as solar and wind.

There are numerous different fields of application of sensor networks. For example:
Forest fires can be detected by sensor networks so that they can be fought at an early stage. Sensor networks can be used to monitor the structural integrity of civil structures by localizing damage for example in bridges. Further, they are used in the health care sector to monitor human physiological data .The following sections outline selected applications of wireless sensor networks.

Contd

 Sensors embedded in HVAC systems, for example, monitor the temperature and the status of parts of the buildings such as open or closed windows. In the field of air quality, new gas sensors, micro electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS), measure the content of CO2 in rooms. These relatively new types of sensors are made of silicon chips and an oxidizing layer . Overall, different types of sensors for smart buildings include:

I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

Temperature sensors and heat detectors Light level detectors Movement and occupancy sensors Smoke and gas detectors Status sensors (e.g. air quality, open windows) Glass break sensors

Conclusion
Sensors and sensor networks have an important impact in meeting environmental challenges. Sensor applications in multiple fields such as smart power grids, smart buildings and smart industrial process control significantly contribute to more efficient use of resources and thus a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and other sources of pollution.

Questions ?