A

MINI PROJECT PRESENTATION ON

“METAL DETECTOR”

Presented by : Under the Supervision (s) of :

Anjali Diwedi [2201200310007] Ms. Ankita Sharma
Khushi Maddheshiya [2201200310010] (Associate Professor, ECE Department)
Shailendra Pratap Singh[2201200310019] Mrs. Deepti Ojha
Shruti Singh [2201200310021] (Head, ECE Department)
Session 2024-25

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT , GIDA GORAKHPUR
Approved by AICTE, PCI, New Delhi affiliated by A.K.T.U Lucknow
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO METAL DETECTION
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. OBJECTIVE
4. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF METAL DETECTION
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
7. COMPONENTS DETAILS
8. BLOCK DIAGRAM
9. APPLICATIONS
10. CHALLANGES
11. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION TO METAL
DETECTION
What is Metal Detector ?
• A metal detector is an electronic device designed to detect the
presence of metal objects.

• It works by emitting an electromagnetic field and then analyzing

the response of that field when it encounters metal objects.
•
The device typically alerts the user through sound or a visual signal
when metal is detected.

• Metal detector is a very common device that is used for checking

persons, luggage or bags in shopping malls, hotels, cinema halls,
etc. to ensure that person is not carrying any metals or illegal
things like guns, bombs etc.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
1. The Need for Metal Detection Technology
• Metal detection is essential in various fields, but traditional
methods of locating buried or hidden metal objects can be time-
consuming, inefficient, and costly. In many cases, metal detection
requires specialized equipment that is not always easily
accessible or affordable.

2. Challenges in Detecting Metals

• Metal Detection in Complex Environments
• Need for Portability and Ease of Use
• Accuracy and Sensitivity:
OBJECTIVE
1. Designing a Simple Yet Effective Metal Detector
• The goal is to create a basic metal detector that can detect common metals
in a variety of environments with reasonable accuracy.
• The project will aim to achieve portability, low-cost construction, and ease
of use, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

2. Addressing Practical Issues

• The project will focus on making the metal detector simple, lightweight, and
affordable.
• It will strive to balance sensitivity with precision to improve detection
accuracy and reliability.
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF METALDETECTION
The Principle of Electromagnetic Induction
1. Electromagnetic Field Generation
• A metal detector operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It
uses a coil (transmitter coil) that generates a magnetic field when an electrical
current is passed through it.
• The transmitter coil produces an oscillating magnetic field that spreads out into
the surrounding environment. This field travels through the ground or other
materials that might contain metal objects.

2. Interaction with Metal Objects:

• When the electromagnetic field encounters a metal object, it causes the metal to
become magnetized briefly. The metal objects in the ground react to the
electromagnetic field by generating their own secondary electromagnetic fields.
This process is called inductive coupling.
3. DETECTION OF THE DISTURBANCE:
• The receiver coil (also part of the detector) senses the disturbance caused by the
metal. The receiver coil is sensitive to the changes in the magnetic field and can detect
the secondary electromagnetic field generated by the metal object.
• The receiver coil picks up these changes and sends the information back to the
detector’s control unit.

4. SIGNAL PROCESSING AND OUTPUT:

• The detectors internal circuit processes the signal received from the received coil.
When a metal is detected, it triggers an audio signal (typically a beep) or a visual signal
(such as a needle movement on a display or LED light).
• The strength of the signal is typically proportional to the size and depth of the metal
object. Larger or closer objects will generate a stronger signal, whereas smaller or
deeper objects may generate a weaker signal.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• 1 x TDA0161 Proximity Detector IC
• 2 x 47nF Capacitors (Ceramic Capacitor code 473)
• 1 x 1 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 330 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 100 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 5 KΩ Potentiometer
• 1 x 2N2222A (NPN Transistor)
• 1 x 5V Buzzer
• Coil (copper wire of 26 – 30 AWG is taken and it is wound in to a
coil of diameter 5 – 6 cm and 140 – 150 turns)
• Additional Components (for LED)
• 1 x 220 Ω Resistor (1/4 Watt)
• 1 x 5mm LED
COMPONENTS DETAILS
1. TDA0161 proximity detector IC:
TDA0161 is a proximity detector IC can be used detect metal objects by detecting the slight changes in
the high frequency eddy current losses.

2.Coil (Inductor):
We have taken a 30 AWG Copper wire for this project. It is then wound in to a coil using a reference.
The coil consists of 140 – 150 turns.

3. 47nF Capacitors (Ceramic):

47NK630 Capacitor is a ceramic capacitor with a capacitance of 47 nano farads (nF) and a voltage
rating of 630 volts (V). It is commonly used in electronic circuits as a decoupling or bypass capacitor to
filter out high-frequency noise.

4. 2N2222A(NPN Transistor):
The 2N2222A is a popular NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that's used for switching and
amplifying in electronic circuits. It's a small, inexpensive device that can handle high current and
voltage levels.
5. 5V Buzzer :
It generates sound through the transmission of electrical signals. Its primary function is to provide an
audible alert or notification and typically operates within a voltage range of 5V to 12V.

6. 5mm LED:
A 5 mm LED is a small, low-power light-emitting diode (LED) with a diameter of 5 mm, which is the
industry standard size are often used for Indicator lights, Key chain flashlights, Small illuminating
devices, and Sign lighting.

7. Variable resistors:
A Variable resistor is used to change the value of the sensor, which is equal to the LC circuit. When the
metal is detected, the circuit will have changed signal. They are :

• 1 KΩ Resistor are electronic components that are used to reduce the flow of electric current in a
circuit.
• 330 Ω Resistors are commonly used for tasks where you want to limit current, such as protecting
LEDs from excessive current or as current-limiting resistors in various electronic components.
• 100 Ω Resistor can be used to limit the flow of current in a circuit to a specific level.
• 5 KΩ Potentiometer is a three-terminal electrical device that can be used to change the resistance
between 0 and 10 kilo ohms. It is also known as a rotary potentiometer or POT.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS
1. Security and Safety
• Airport Security
• Public Venues

2. Archaeology and Treasure Hunting

3. Construction and Utility Work

• Locating Underground Utilities
• Detecting Reinforcements in Concrete

4. Search and Rescue Operations

• Finding Missing Persons or Objects
• Underwater Search and Recovery

5. Mining and Geological Exploration

• Mining Exploration
CHALLANGES
Precision in electronics:
• Ensuring proper calibration and signal processing.

Power supply:
• Choosing a reliable power source that can last for long
periods during operation.

Cost and materials:

• Balancing cost with the desired features and durability.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the exploration of metal detection technology reveals its

diverse applications and significant advancements. As technology
continues to evolve, understanding its implications and potential will be
vital for enhancing safety and efficiency across various sectors.
Thank You