IoT

COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS

P.Hemanth
M.Shanmukhi
P.Pavan kumar
F UNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF IOT

A PPLICATION

SERVICES
MANAGEMENT SECURITY
COMMUNICAT
ION

DEVICE
S ERVER M O D E L

CLIENT SERV RESOURCES

ER
IoT COMMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS
▸ loT communication protocols form the backbone of IoT systems and
enable network connectivity and coupling to applications

▸ Communication protocols allow devices to exchange data over the

network

▸ Protocols like link layer, network layer, transport layer and

application layer are the protocols used for the lot communications

▸ These protocols define the data exchange formats, data encoding

addressing schemes for devices and routing of packets from source
to destination.
Layers of IoT
Protocols
APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOL
‣ HTTP

‣ CoAP

‣ WebSocke
t

‣ MQTT

‣ XMPP

‣ DDS

‣ AMQP
H T TP

▸ Hyper text transfer protocol.

▸ GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, HEAD,

TRACE, OPTIONS, etc commands.

▸ Stateless (each request is

different of others.

▸ HTTP client can be a browser or

application running on the
client.

▸ Multiple headers (MIME).

AP
I

R E ST BASED CO M M U N I C AT I
ON APIS
HTTP
PACKET HTTP
HTTP GET, PUT, SERVER
CLIENT POST, AUTHORIS
REST DELETE ATIO N,
AWARE
HTTP REST-FUL
CLIENT REST WEB
PAYLOAD SERVICE
JSON,XML

RESOURCES
URI (REPRESENTATIONS,
RESOURCES)
 http
Resource actio Exampl
metho
type n e
d
List all the http://example.com/api/tasks
GET Collection
rescuers in a (list all tasks)
URI
collection
Get info http://example.com/api/tasks (get
GET Collection
about a info on task 1)
URI
resource
http://example.com/api/tasks
Create a
POST Collection
new
(create a new task from the data
URI provided in the req)
resource
POST Collection Generally not
URI used
Replace the http://example.com/api/tasks
PUT Collection entire (replace entire collection with data
URI collection with provided in the request)
another http://example.com/api/tasks
PUT Collection Update a
collection (delete all tasks)
URI resource
Delete the http://example.com/api/tasks
DELETE Collection entire (lista ll tasks)
URI collection
Delete a http://example.com/api/tasks (del
DELETE Collection resource task 1)
URI
C OA P

▸ Constrained Application
Protocol

▸ For Machine to Machine M2M

▸ Request response model

▸ Runs on UDP instead of TCP

▸ GET , PUT, POST, DELETE, etc.

COMMUNICATION
MODELS

E XCLUSIVE PAIR CO M M U N I C AT I O
N MODEL

Request to Setup
connection
Response accepting the
request

Message from Client to Server

Message from Server to
CLIENT SERVER
Client Connection close
request
Connection Close
Response
W EBSOCKE T

▸ Full Duplex communication

over single socket connection
for sending messages
between client and server

▸ Its based on TCP

▸ Client can be a browser, IoT

Device or a mobile application
MQTT

▸ Message Queue
Telemetry Transport

▸ Its based on publish

subscribe model

▸ Use of MQTT broker (as a

Server )

▸ Useful for places where

memory and resources
constraints are limited
COMMUNICATION
MODELS

P UBLISH SUBSCRIBE M O D E L

Messag CONSUMER
e
publishe BROK 1
d
to topic ER
PUBLISHER 1 TOPI
SEND C1 CONSUMER
MESSAGES TO 2
TOPICS Messag
TOPI
e
publishe C2
d
to topic
CONSUMER
2 3
X M PP

▸ Extensible Messaging and

Presence protocol

▸ Real time communication

and streaming xml data
between network elements

▸ Suitable for Voice/Video

chats, messaging, data
syndication, gaming,
multi party chat

▸ Its based on client server

D DS

▸ Data Distribution service

▸ Its a middleware for D2D or

M2M

▸ Publish subscribe model

▸ Provides QoS and

configurable reliability
AMQP

▸ Advanced message
queuing protocol

▸ Its for business

messaging

▸ Supports point to point and

publish subscribe,
routing/queuing

▸ Uses AMQP brokers

▸ Messages are pushed

T R A N S P O R T L AY E R PRO
TOCOL
‣ TCP

‣ UDP
TCP

▸ Transmission Control Protocol

▸ It is widely used

▸ It is used for web browser

(HTTP) email programs (SMTP
- simple mail transfer
protocol) and file transfer
protocol (FTP)

▸ TCP can be suitable for

devices like home security
UDP

▸ User datagram protocol

▸ It is a connectional-less protocol

▸ It is useful for sensitive applications that have

very small data units to exchange

▸ In smart grids or industrial

automation, UDP is used to send control
signals where speed is critical and packet
loss is not catastrophic.
 N E T W O R K L AY E R PROT
‣O COLS
IPv4

‣ Exhausted in 2011

‣ 32bit address

‣ IPv6

‣ ▸ New version of IPv4

‣ 128 bit addresses

‣ 6LoWPAN

‣ IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks

‣ Limited processing capability

‣ Shows compression mechanism with IPv6 over 802.15.4

L INK L AY E R PROTO C
OL S
‣ 802.3 - Ethernet

‣ 802.11 - wifi

‣ 802.16 - WiMax

‣ 802.15.4 - Low Rate WPAN

‣ 2G/3G/4G - Mobile
Communication
IoT ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

▸ Wireless sensor networks

▸ End nodes, routers and coordinators
▸ Cloud computing
▸ Iaas, Paas, SaaS
▸ Big Data analytics (Volume, velocity and variety)
▸ Communication protocols
▸ Embedded Systems
.

THANK YOU