Introduction to Operating System Types

Types of OS

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 :Batch Operating System
• Does not interact with the computer directly
• There is an operator which takes similar
jobs having the same requirement and
group them into batches.
In batch operating system same type of
processes are batched together for execution.

Similar jobs were put together in a

batch, this system was termed as a batch
3 system.
 :Batch Operating System

Advantage:
• A lot of manual work is reduced.
•Execution becomes fast and well managed.
•CPU’s idle time is reduced.
•Repetitive use of Punched cards and magnetic tapes is reduced.

Dis-advantage:
• Sequential execution.
•Starvation.
•No interaction between job and user.

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 :Time-Sharing Operating Systems

 Each task is given some

time to execute so that
all the tasks work
smoothly.

 The time that each task

gets to execute is called
quantum.
 Also known as
Multitasking Systems.
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 …Time-Sharing Operating Systems

 In this figure the user 5 is active

but user 1, user 2, user 3, and user
4 are in waiting state.
 whereas user 6 is in ready status.
As soon as the time slice of user 5
is completed, the control moves on
to the next ready user i.e. user 6.
 In this state user 2, user 3, user 4, and user 5 are in waiting state and user
1 is in ready state.
 The process continues in the same way and so on.
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 …Time-Sharing Operating Systems

Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Each task gets an equal  Reliability problem and data
opportunity
 One must have to take care of the
 Fewer chances of duplication of security and integrity of user
software programs & data.
 CPU idle time can be reduced.  Data communication problem

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 :Distributed Operating System

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 :Distributed Operating System

Independent systems possess their

own memory unit and CPU.

These are referred to as loosely

coupled systems or distributed
systems.

LOCUS MICROS IRIX etc.

are the distributed operating
system.

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 :Distributed Operating System

Advantages: Disadvantages:

 Increases the data exchange  Failure of the main network

speed. will stop the entire
 Computation is highly fast. communication.
 Load on host computer reduces.  This system is more costly.
 Delay in data processing  Security issues can be arise
reduces. while sharing data on entire
networks.
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 :Network Operating System

Network operating
system(NOS) is software
that connects multiple
devices and computers
on the network and
allows them to share
resources on the
network. IT is also
known as tightly coupled
systems.
Example: Windows
Server, UNIX, Linux,
11 Mac OS X.
 :Network Operating System

Advantages: Disadvantages:
Centralized servers are highly
stable. Depend on the central location to
Security is server managed.
Up-gradation of new technologies perform the operations.
and hardware can be easily
integrated into the system. High cost to buying server.
It is possible to remote access to
servers from different locations and Regular updating and
types of systems.
maintenance are required.

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 :Real Time Operating System

Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used in environments where a large

number of events, mostly external to the computer system, must be accepted
and processed in a short time or within certain deadlines.
The interrupt with the highest
priority must be allowed to
initiate the process , while
lower priority interrupts
should be kept in a buffer that
will be handled later.
Interrupt management is
important in such an operating
13 system.
 :Real Time Operating System

Advantages: Disadvantages:
Maximum utilization of devices
and system. Limited Tasks: Very few tasks
Shifting tasks in these systems are
very less. run at the same time.
 These types of systems are error-
free. Use heavy system resources.
Memory allocation is best
managed in these types of systems. Complex Algorithms.

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 :Real Time Operating System Types

Types: 1. These operating systems guarantee

that critical tasks be completed
1.Hard Real-Time operating within a range of time.
For example: a robot is hired to weld a
system
car body.
2.Soft real-time operating system 2. This operating system provides some
relaxation in the time limit.
3.Firm Real-time Operating For example – Multimedia systems,
digital audio systems etc.
System
3. RTOS of this type have to follow deadlines as well. In spite of its small
impact, missing a deadline can have unintended consequences, including a
reduction in the quality of the product. Example: Multimedia applications.
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 :Multi Programming Operating System Types
In a multi-programmed system, as soon as one job goes for an I/O task, the
Operating System interrupts that job, chooses another job from the job pool
(waiting queue), gives CPU to this new job and starts its execution.

This way, multiple programs can be executed on a single processor by

executing a part of a program at one time, a part of another program after
this, then a part of another program and so on, hence executing multiple
16 programs. It is non-preemptive.
 :Multi Tasking Operating System Types
The multitasking operating system is a logical extension of a
multiprogramming system that enables multiple programs simultaneously. It
allows a user to perform more than one computer task at the same time.

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 :Multi Tasking Operating System Types
1. Preemptive MTOS:
Preemptive multitasking is a task that a computer operating system is given.
It determines how much time one job spends on the operating system before
assigning another process to use it. The operating system is also referred to
as ‘preemptive’ because it controls the entire operation.

2. Cooperative MTOS
Cooperative multitasking is referred to as ‘Non-Preemptive Multitasking.’
The basic goal of cooperative multitasking is to complete the current work
while allowing another process to execute. taskYIELD is used to complete
this task (). Context-switch is called whenever the taskYIELD() function is
called.
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 :Multi Tasking Operating System Types
Advantage:
Manage several users: This OS is more suited to support several users at the same
time, and multiple apps can operate smoothly without slowing down the system.
Virtual memory: Multitasking operating systems have the best virtual memory system.
Any program does not need a long wait time to perform its tasks because of virtual
memory; if this problem arises, then those applications are shifted to virtual memory .
Good reliability: Multitasking operating systems provide multiple users more
flexibility, which makes them happier. Besides, each user can run one or more apps at the
same time.
Secured memory: Memory management is well-defined in multitasking operating
systems. Because of this, the operating system does not grant any permission for unwanted
apps to waste RAM.
Time shareable: To avoid having to wait for the CPU, each task is given a specific
19 length of time.
 :Multi Tasking Operating System Types
Disadvantage:
Processor boundation:
Because of the modest pace of its processors, the system may run applications
slowly, and their reaction time may increase when processing many programs.
More computing power is necessary to solve this challenge.
Memory boundation:
The computer’s performance may suffer as a result of many programs running at
the same time, as the main memory becomes overcrowded when multiple
programs are loaded.
CPU heat up:
In a multitasking environment, numerous processors are busier at the very same
time to finish any task; therefore, the CPU generates more heat.
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 :Multiprocessing Operating System Types
In operating systems, to improve the performance of more than one CPU can
be used within one computer system called Multiprocessor operating system.
Multiple CPUs are interconnected so that a job can be divided among them for
faster execution. When a job finishes, results from all CPUs are collected and
compiled to give the final output.

Types of multiprocessing
systems
Symmetrical MpOS.
Asymmetric MpOS.

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 :Multiprocessing Operating System Types
In operating systems, to improve the performance of more than one CPU can
be used within one computer system called Multiprocessor operating system.
Multiple CPUs are interconnected so that a job can be divided among them for
faster execution. When a job finishes, results from all CPUs are collected and
compiled to give the final output.

Types of multiprocessing
systems
Symmetrical MpOS.
Asymmetric MpOS.

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 :Multiprocessing Operating System Types
SMP: One OS control all the CPU, each CPU has equal rights. All CPU are in
peer-to-peer relationship.
AMP: There is a master processor that gives instruction to all other processors.
It contains master-slave relationship.

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