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9 Floral Sexual Reproduction Inspirogyra

Spirogyra reproduction

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23 views14 pages

9 Floral Sexual Reproduction Inspirogyra

Spirogyra reproduction

Uploaded by

adhikarysushila30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Sexual reproduction

Spirogyra shows conjugation type of sexual reproduction. Conjugation is


isogamous type of sexual reproduction that involves the transfer of male
gametangium to the female gametangium through a conjugation tube or
boring organ followed by their fusion. Spirogyra shows two types of
conjugation: Scalariform and lateral conjugation.
1. Scalariform conjugation
In Spirogyra, Scalariform conjugation occurs in heterothallic or dioicous
species. At the time of conjugation, two filaments of different strains
come together and lie parallel to one another. The two opposite cells of
different filaments act as gametangia. The gametangia develop lateral
out growth called protuberances ( papillae).
The contact wall between the papillae dissolves, a conjugation tube is
formed. The protoplast of gametangia contract and at as gametes. The
male gametes moves towards female gametes through conjugation tube.
These isogametes fused together and formed thick walled spherical
zygospores.
2. Lateral conjugation
In lateral conjugation, sexual reproduction takes place in homothallic or
monocious species i.e. male and female gametes are found in same
filament.
It is of three types
a. Indirect lateral conjugation
b. Direct lateral conjugation
c. Terminal conjugation
a. Indirect lateral conjugation
In this conjugation, papillae is formed on lateral side of septum. The
septum gets dissolved by enzymatic action and forms a conjugation tube.
Two adjacent cells of same filament function as male and female
gametangium. The protoplast of male gamete migrates into the female
gamete through lateral conjugation tube. Protoplasm of both gametes
fuse to form diploid zygospore.
Eg Spirogyra affinis
b. Direct lateral conjugation
It occurs between two adjacent cells. Out of them upper cell acts as male
gametangium and lower acts as female gametangium. The protoplast of
these cell contracts to become gametes. The male gamete is conical rod
shaped which creates a pore on the septum by the enzymes. He male
gamete moves to the female gamete through the pore.it fuse with female
gamete to form zygospore.
Eg. Spirogyra jogensis
 Terminal conjugation
It is very rare type of conjugation reported in Spirogyra. In this type of
conjugation, conjugations tubes are formed on both sides of septum. The
septum is perforated and male gamete fuse with female gamete to form
zygospore.
 Germination of zygospore
Zygospore is thick, dark, brown. Diploid resting spore. After
disintegration, it becomes free in favorable condition it undergoes
meiosis cell division and formed four haploid nuclei. Out of four three
nuclei degenerate and only one survives.
The zygospore with a haploid nucleus germinate to form a germtube. The
germtube divides to form two cell germling. The upper cell of germling
formed green filament and lower cell functions as holdfast. The filament
of spirogyra detached from hold fast and floats in water.
 Economic importance of Algae
Algae have both advantages and disadvantages.
 Advantages
1. Algae as source of food
Ulva, Chlorella ( rich in protein, vitamins and minerals), Spirogyra,
Porphyra etc are considered as source of food.
2. Algae as used as medicine
Many sea weeds Laminaria contain high percentage of iodine. So used
in treatment of goiter.
The extracts of Cladophora possess antiviral properties .
Corallina is capable of curing worm infectons.
3. Algae in agriculture
Many members of brown algae are used in the manufacturing of
agricultural or horticultural sprays.
4. Algae in ecosystem
All kinds of algae species are one of the major contributing
factors( producers) in maintenance of a ecosystem .
5. Algae as microbiological media preparation
Gelidium, Gracilaria etc are used to yield agar which is used in culture
media.
 Disadvantages

1. Harmful to living stock: More abundance of some algae like


Volvocales, Chlorococcales etc cause death of fishes.
2. Parasitic algae: The disease red rust of tea is caused by Cephaleuros.
3. Contamination of water supply: some blue green algae and green
algae contaminate the water reservoirs of city . This also secrete
mucilaginous mass which is suitable for the growth of many harmful
bacteria and pathogens.

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