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23 views14 pages

Circle chapter ppt

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Uploaded by

Shahid Anjum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Technology: C.I.

T
Subject:
Mathematics
Instructure: Mr.
Shahid Anjum
Lec:
(Math & Physics)
What is Circle?
A circle is a two-dimensional figure
formed by a set of points that are at a
fixed distance (radius) from a fixed point
(center) on the plane is called circle.
• Radius of Circle (r)

A line segment connecting the center of a circle to any point


on the circle “. The radius of the circle is denoted by “R” or
“r”.

• Diameter (d) of Circle

A line segment having both the endpoints on the circle and


passing through center. It is twice the length of radius i.e. d =
2r
• Tangent
A line that intersects a circle at exactly one point of
circle .
• Chord of a Circle:
A chord is any line segment touching the circle at
two different points on its boundary. The longest
chord in a circle is its diameter which passes
through the center and divides it into two equal
parts.
• Secant:
A line that intersects two points on an
arc/circumference of a circle is called the secant.
Circumference
Also known as the perimeter, it is the total distance
covered around the circle. The formula is given
below:
Circumference (C) = 2πr, here r = radius, and π =
mple:3.141 = 22/7
diameter of a circle is 6 centimeters. Find the circumference
ution:
we know,
= 2πr, here r = d/2 = 6/2 cm = 3 cm
e, C = 2 x 3.14 × 3
.84 cm
mple: The radius of a circle is 4 inches. Find the circumference
tion:
we know,
= 2πr , here r = 4 inches
2 × 3.14 × 4
12 inches
Area
It is the total space enclosed inside the
boundary of the circle. It is also known as
the ‘surface area of the circle’.
Example:
Find the area of a circle with a radius of 9 cm
Solution:
As we know,
A = πr2, here r =9 cm
= 3.14 × 9 × 9
= 254.34 cm2
Example:
Finding the area of a circle when only the DIAMETER is known
Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 10 cm
Solution:
As we know,
A = πr2 and r = d/2 = 10/2 = 5 cm
= 3.14 × 5 × 5
= 78.5 cm2
Standard form of equation of
circle

Equation of a Circle When the Centre is at Origin

Equation of the circle with center at origin (0,


0)and the radius ‘a’ is,
x2+y2 = r2
which is called the standard form for the
equation of a circle.
• When r=0 the circle is called point circle and
equation which consists of circle only.
Example 1:

Consider a circle whose center is at the origin and radius is


equal to 8 units.

Solution:

Given: Centre is (0, 0), radius is 8 units.

The equation of circle

x2+ y2 = r2

x 2 + y 2 = 82

x2 + y2= 64,

which is the equation of a circle


Central form of equation
of circle

Let C (h, k) be a fixed point in the XY coordinate plane and


r be the fixed distance from center to any point P (x, y) on
circle. Then the equation of circle are

(x –h)2 + (y-k )2 = r2
Example: Say point (1,2) is the center of the
circle and radius is equal to 4 cm. Then the
equation of this circle will be:
(x-1)2+(y-2)2 = 42
(x2−2x+1)+(y2−4y+4) =16
X2+y2−2x−4y-11 = 0

Example:
Find the equation of the circle whose center
is (3,5) and the radius is 4 units.
Solution:
Here, the center of the circle is not an origin.
Therefore, the general equation of the circle
is,
(x-3)2 + (y-5)2 = 42
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 -10y +25 = 16
x2 +y2 -6x -10y + 18 =0
General form of Equation of a Circle

The general equation of any type of circle is represented by:

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, for all values of g, f and c.

Adding g2 + f2 on both sides of the equation gives,

x2 + 2gx + g2+ y2 + 2fy + f2= g2 + f2 − c ………………(1)

Since, (x+g)2 = x2+ 2gx + g2 and (y+f)2 =y2 + 2fy + f2 substituting


the values in equation (1), we have

(x+g)2+ (y+f)2 = g2 + f2−c …………….(2)

Comparing (2) with (x−h)2 + (y−k)2 = a2, where (h, k) is the center
and ‘a’ is the radius of the circle.
h=−g, k=−f

a2 = g2+ f2−c

Therefore,

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, represents the circle with


center (−g,−f) and radius equal to a2 = g2 + f2− c.

•If g2 + f2 > c, then the radius of the circle is real.


•If g2 + f2 = c, then the radius of the circle is zero which tells
us that the circle is a point that coincides with the center.
Such a type of circle is called a point circle
•g2 + f2 <c, then the radius of the circle become imaginary.
Therefore, it is a circle having a real center and imaginary
radius.
Example :
Equation of a circle is x2+y2−12x−16y+19=0. Find
the center and radius of the circle.
Solution:
Given equation is of the
form x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
2 2

2g = −12, 2f = −16,c = 19
g = −6,f = −8
Centre of the circle is (6,8)
Radius of the circle
= √[(−6) + (−8) − 19 ]= √[100 − 19] =
2 2

= √81 = 9 units.
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 9 units.
Example :
Equation of a circle is x2+y2−12x−16y+19=0. Find
the center and radius of the circle.
Solution:
Given equation is of the
form x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
2 2

2g = −12, 2f = −16,c = 19
g = −6,f = −8
Centre of the circle is (6,8)
Radius of the circle
= √[(−6) + (−8) − 19 ]= √[100 − 19] =
2 2

= √81 = 9 units.
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 9 units.

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