CELLULAR

STRUCTUR
E
Structure & Organelles of a Plant and
Animal Cell
Watch “Cell Structure and https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=ckZP3QYFT
Function” vY&t=11s
 There are two categories of Cells

Prokaryotes

• - Cells that do not have membrane-bounded

organelles
• - Called prokaryotic cells-they lack a proper nucleus
Cell Types • Unicellular organisms such as bacteria are examples
of prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

• - Cells that have membrane-bound organelles

• - Called eukaryotic cells -they have a membrane
bounded nucleus
• Multicellular organisms such as plants and animals
are examples of eukaryotes
 The cell theory was proposed by two
scientist Schleiden and Schwann in
1838 and 1839. It was further
expanded by Virchow in 1855. Main
points of the cell theory states that:
Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of one or
more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of all
living things.
3. All cells come from existing cells.
 Organelles
• The things or structures (PARTS) inside
of a cell that perform the functions
Parts of a necessary for the cell to survive.
Cell Protoplasm
• The living part of the cell, including
the nucleus, cytoplasm and other
organelles found within the cell
membrane.
Animal and Plant Cells Diagram
Animal 11
12
1

Cell
1. Nucleus
10

2. Golgi body 9

3. Vesicle/Vacuole
4. Cell membrane 8
5. Mitochondria
6. Cytoskeleton
7. Centriole
8. Lysosome 2

9. Cytoplasm 7 3
10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
11. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4
12. Nucleolus 6
5
Plant 11
12
1

Cell 10

1. Nucleus
2. Golgi body
9
3. Vesicle 2
4. Lysosome
5. Plasma membrane
8 3
6. Mitochondria
7. Chloroplast
8. Cell wall
4
9. Vacuole
10. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 5
11. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 7

12. Nucleolus 6
CELLULAR
STRUCTUR
E
Structure & Organelles of a Plant and
Animal Cell
Plasma Structure:
• Extremely delicate, thin , elastic, living
Membrane
(Cell Membrane) and semi-permeable membrane ( only
Carbohydrates allows molecules of a certain size to
enter
• Made up of two layers of lipid molecules
in which protein molecules are floating

Function:
• Supports and protects the cell
• Controls movement of materials in/out
Proteins
Lipids of cell
• Barrier between cell and its
“The environment
Gatekeeper”
 Cell Structure:
• Non-living and outermost covering of a
wall cell (plants & bacteria)
Pectin Cellulose • Can be tough, rigid and sometimes
flexible
• Made up of cellulose

Functions:
• Provides definite shape, strength &
rigidity
Hemicellulose
Plasma membrane • Helps in controlling cell expansion
“The backbone” • Protects cell from external pathogens
 Nucleu
Structure:
s • Nucleus has a double layered covering called
“The Boss” nuclear membrane which has pores
Nuclear • Contain fibre that condense to form
Nucleolus
pores
chromosomes during cell division

• Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA

called genes
• Genes transfer the hereditary information
from one generation to the next

Functions:
• Control all the cell activities like metabolism,
protein synthesis, growth and cell division
Chromatin
• Nucleolus synthesizes ribonucleic acid (RNA) to
Nuclear constitute ribosomes
envelope Nucleoplasm
• Store hereditary information in genes
 Cytoplasm Structure:
• Jelly-like material formed by 80 % of
“The Medium” water
Organelles
• Contains a clear liquid portion called
cytosol and various particles such as
proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids,
lipids and inorganic ions

Functions:
● Provides medium for organelles to be
suspended in
● Provides buffer during movement and
Cytoplasm collision of organelles with other cells
 Endoplasmi • Structure:
c • Network of tubes or membranes
Reticulum • Smooth: without ribosomes
• Rough: with embedded ribosomes
(E.R.) • Connects to nuclear envelope & cell
membrane

• Function:
• Transports materials through cell
• Rough ER Assists in making proteins
Rough ER • Smooth ER produces and transports
lipids and enzymes
Smooth ER

Ribosomes
Watch “The Endoplasmic https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=an7tpWR1
Reticulum” 6mo
 Golgi
Structure:
body
“The Factory” • Formed by stacks of 5-8 membranous
Incoming sacs called cisternae, tubules, and
transport
Cisternae
Cis face
vesicle vesicles.
Lumen

Functions:
• Modifies, sorts and packs materials
synthesized in the cell
Outgoing
• Delivers synthesized materials to various
Newly Trans face
forming targets inside the cell and outside the cell
vesicle transport
vesicle • Produces vacuoles and secretory vesicles
Watch “The Golgi Apparatus” https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=TYyo9VwO
nlg&t=65s
 Nucleus
Smooth ER

Lysosomes

Golgi
Body At
Rough ER

Golgi body
Work
Plasma
Vesicles
membrane
 Lysosome
Structure:
s • Small and round with a single
membrane sac
Hydrolytic enzymes Membrane • Found throughout the cytoplasm
• Occur in most animal cells and in few
types of plant cells

Functions:
• Help in digesting of large molecules
• Protect cell by destroying foreign
invaders like bacteria and viruses
“The Army”
• Digests worn out organelles
 Structure:
Vacuole • Single membrane sac filled with liquid
s or sap (water, sugar and ions)
• In animal cells, vacuoles are temporary,
Tonoplast small in size and few in number
• In plant cells, vacuoles are large and more
in number
Functions:
• Store various substances (food, water)
including metabolic and toxic waste
Vacuole products
• Store large amounts of food or sugars in
“The Pantry” plants
• Provide turgidity and rigidity to plant cells
 Mitochondri Structure:
a “The
• Small, rod shaped organelles bounded
by two membranes - inner and outer
Powerhouse” • Outer membrane is smooth and
Ribosomes
Matrix encloses the contents of mitochondria
Cristae • Inner membrane is folded in the form of
shelf like inward projections called
cristae
DNA
Functions:
• Site of cellular respiration producing
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
ATP
• ATP molecules provide energy for the
activities of cells
Cellular Respiration Formula
 Structure:
Chloroplast • Double membrane-bound organelles found
s mainly in plant cells
• Usually spherical in shape
Outer
Inner
membrane
membrane • Shows two distinct regions-grana and stroma
• Grana are stacks of thylakoids (membrane-
Thylakoid bound, flattened discs)
• Thylakoids contain chlorophyll molecules
which are responsible for photosynthesis
• Stroma is a colourless dense fluid

Stroma Functions:
• Convert light energy into chemical energy
Granum
producing food by photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll stored provides green colour to
leaves, stems and vegetables
 Animal Cell Vs. Plant
Cell
Animal
Plant
cell
cell
1. Small temporary vacuoles Large permanent vacuoles
2. Smaller vacuole at the sides Large central vacuole
3. Irregular/ No definite shape Regular/Definite shape
4. No cell wall present Cell wall present
5. No chloroplast present Chloroplast present
 Watch “What is the Difference https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Hbpe3Fhs
Between Plant and Animal Cells” Qp8
Watch “The Parts of a Cell Song” https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=NkC9AiJf7
gI
Who am I?
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 Rough

Smooth
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Who am I?
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