2012-07-31 Confidentiality

UMTS RF Channel Fault Detection

and Rectification:
Factors of Impact + Troubleshooting
Methods and Tools + Deliverables

Draft: UMTS Maintenance Dept. & UMTS

Design Dept.
Reviewed by: Qi Haofeng www.huawei.com

2012-07-31

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Abstract
This document discusses main factors that may cause problems on the uplink and
downlink RF channels of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS),
prescribed actions for locating uplink and downlink channel problems (11 prescribed
actions for uplink channels and 3 prescribed actions for downlink channels), and how to
analyze and eliminate main factors that may cause problems on UMTS channels by using
system data such as traffic measurement and main and diversity received total wideband
power (RTWP) data. The document analyzes typical cases due to typical causes, and lists
deliverables that frontline personnel need to provide when reporting channel problems,
including analysis results of system data (such as traffic measurement and main and
diversity RTWP data).
The cases in this document are typical, showing the importance and necessity of
implementing channel analysis actions and the implementation effects. The main causes
for channel problems are classified into interference problems, engineering quality
problems, configuration problems, and capacity problems.

Page 2
 Change History
Date Version Description Reviewer Author
Zhang Junjie
Qi Haofeng, Cui Chengxiao, Liu Qiong
2012-7-31 Ver 1.0 Completed the draft. Tang Yuanxian, Wu Wentao, Zhang Qiong
and Hu Wensu Zhang Xianghua
Yi Siwei

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R&D Support
Huawei provides training and round-the-clock technical support
regarding the topic of channels.

R&D support personnel:

Name Employee ID Tel

Liu Qiong 54780 See Huawei phone book

Zhang Junjie 00107307 See Huawei phone book

Yi Siwei 00143761 See Huawei phone book

Zhang Qiong 00136558 See Huawei phone book

Zhang Xianghua 51668 See Huawei phone book

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

 Overview of RF Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for

Uplink Channel Problems

Prescribed Actions and Deliverables of

Analyzing Uplink Channel Problems
Cause Analysis and Handling for
Downlink Channel Problems

Prescribed Actions and Deliverables of

Analyzing Downlink Channel Problems

Cases Related to Channel Problems

Page 5
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Channel Definition
 Channels are divided into three
segments, as shown in the figure on
the right.

Air-interface channel: path from a UE to
the antenna of a NodeB

Antenna channel: path from the antenna of
the NodeB to the TRX board of the NodeB

Intra-TRX channel: the transmitter and
receiver inside the TRX board

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Main Components on the Channels and Common Problems
 The air-interface channel involves the radio environment.

The air-interface channel carries both uplink and downlink signals.

Main problems on the air-interface channel are external interference and uplink
signal interference on UMTS subscribers (interference problems).
 The antenna channel involves the antenna, jumper, feeder, tower-
mounted amplifier (TMA), combiner, filter, and RF cables.

Generally, the antenna channel carries both uplink and downlink signals.

Main problems on the antenna channel are intermodulation, standing wave ratio,
antenna and feeder cross-connection between sectors, TMA failure, and RF
cable failure (engineering quality problems + hardware failure).
 The intra-TRX channel consists of the transmitter and receiver sub
channels.

The transmitter carries downlink signals, and the receiver carries uplink signals.

A common problem on the transmitter is hardware failure (alarm generated for
abnormal transmit channel gain); common problems on the receiver includes
improper channel attenuation, improper interconnection mode, abnormal power
supply configuration, and hardware failure of the RF module (alarm generated for
the excessively low RTWP) (configuration problems + hardware failure).

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Criteria for Measuring Channel Quality
 The criterion for measuring the quality of uplink channels is RTWP:

Normally, the RTWP noise floor (RTWP without subscribers) should be around -106 dBm. Lower and
higher values indicate that channels are abnormal.

If the alarm for the excessively low RTWP is generated (RTWP < -114 dBm), the RTWP noise floor is
too low.

If the value of VS.MinRTWP in case of no subscribers is always greater than -102 dBm, the RTWP
noise floor is too high.

If the alarm for RTWP/received signal strength indicator (RSSI) imbalance on RF receive channels is
generated, the main and diversity RTWP is not in balance.

Note 1: Abnormal RTWP values may also be caused by other factors such as service-related reasons, instead of uplink
channel problems.

Note 2: Common traffic measurement indexes for identifying high and low RTWP include VS.MinRTWP, VS.MeanRTWP,
and VS.CellDCHUEs.

VS.MeanRTWP VS.MinRTWP VS.CellDCHUEs

-105.0365 -105.5000 5.6194

-105.1614 -105.5000 2.9750


Note 3: Common information for identifying RTWP imbalance includes main and diversity RTWP information.

 The criteria for measuring the quality of downlink channels are the standing
wave ratio and transmit power.

The standing wave ratio and transmit power problems can be identified based on alarms and measurement
data.

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RTWP Measurement
 The criterion for measuring the quality of uplink
channels is RTWP:

RTWP definition: received total wideband power
(signal + interference)

RTWP = Measured RWTP - GAIN (obtained through
reverse eduction)

Factors that may affect the measured RTWP:

Air-interface signal (RTWP actually received by the
antenna)

Feeder connection (RTWP actually input to the TRX
board)

Internal parameter settings of the TRX module (GAIN)
Note: If an external amplification unit is used, GAIN must
include the gain.
This is why channel attenuation must be configured inside
the TRX module
when an external TMA is used.

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Common Problems on RF Channels and Common Causes
Generally, problems on uplink channels are caused by the RTWP.
Generally, problems on downlink channels are related to power and standing wave ratio.
This document describes how to check the following problems by using related tools and methods.

Problem Type Where a Problem Related Problem Description

Occur

RTWP Uplink channel Air-interface channel External interference Space characteristics: Regional external interference and site
problems problems exists interference
Time characteristics: intermittent interference and continuous
interference
Signal characteristics: inter-system interference

Antenna channel Engineering Intermodulation interference, incorrect antenna and feeder connection,
problems and damage of antenna and feeder components caused by poor
antenna and feeder quality

Intra-TRX channel Incorrect RF channel configurations: affect the RTWP of all carriers on the RF
configurations channel and include the channel attenuation configuration,
interconnection mode, distributed sector, and single-antenna/dual-
antenna mode
Carrier configurations: affect the RTWP of a carrier and include the initial
RTWP value and desensitization intensity on the carrier channel

Hardware failure Hardware failure of the RF module includes hardware failure alarm
generated on the RF module

Service capacity Air-interface channel Service capacity Heavy traffic impact, version upgrade, feature deployment, and
problems problems interference between neighboring cells

Downlink Standing wave ratio Antenna channel Engineering Standing wave ratio problems caused by poor antenna and feeder
channel problems problems quality.
problems
TRX hardware failure Intra-TRX channel Hardware failure Hardware failure inside the TRX module includes alarm generated for
abnormal transmit channel gain or alarm generated for hardware failure
of the RF module.

Power matching / Engineering The power in swap scenarios does not match the power on original
problems problems networks.

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Classification of Uplink Channel Problems in Historical View
 Distribution of Uplink Channel Problems
The analysis result of historical RTWP problems shows that uplink channel problems account for 72%
of all RTWP problems. Where, external interference takes the largest proportion, and other main
problems include incorrect channel configurations, hardware failure of the RF module and
antenna and feeder components, and engineering quality problems.

 Purpose and Focus of This Document

This document focuses on: analyzing, locating, and solving uplink channel problems that
account for 72% of all RTWP problems by using key data. For other RTWP problems except uplink
channel problems, analyze service capacity problems by referring to the UMTS Network Planning and
Optimization: Processes + Principles + Tools + Deliverables.

This document provides: the methods of analyzing

uplink channel problems based on data to determine
the general problem range, and then

exclude suspectable problems to locate

the problems finally.

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 Overview of RF Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for Uplink

Channel Problems

Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables

of Analyzing Uplink Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for Downlink

Channel Problems

Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables of

Analyzing Downlink Channel Problems

Cases About Channel Problems

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

Outline of Uplink RF Channel Problem Handling
Checklist:
Action 1
Step 1. Identify characteristics of an RTWP problem. Identify an Action 2
RTWP problem from different dimensions. Action 3
 Outline of This Document:
Action 4

1. Details the procedures for
analyzing RTWP problems Step 2. Analyze the symptoms of the RTWP problem. Educe
possible causes from the symptoms. Checklist:
based on various data sources. Action 5
Action 6

2. Summarizes the checklists of Channel-related problems
Capacity-related
problems
11 prescribed actions based
Checklist:
on the problem analysis Configuration Engineering External Interference Capacity Action 7
problems problems interference between problems
procedures, and the problem neighboring
cells Checklist:
closure methods for completing Action 8: Check Action 8
Action 7: Action 10:
and identify Action 9:
the problem handling process. Check the intermodulation Locate the
Check
channel and whether any Action 11: Checklist:
and cross- problem by

3. Defines a standard problem carrier connections. using the FFT
neighboring Enter into the Action 9
configurations cell is not capacity-
and spectrum
. configured. related topic.
handling template to provide analyzer.

standards on deliverable Step 3. Check possible causes for the RTWP problem. Confirm Checklist:
the operations. Action 10
output.
Checklist:
Step 4. End the problem and output a report. Action 11

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 Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and Summarization
— Prescribed Action Checklist
Step Prescribed Action Entrance Condition Objective
Analyze whether the problem occurs after indexes change or always exists, occurs on
Action 1: Identify the the entire network or on top cells, is a multi-carrier or single-carrier problem, occurs on
characteristics of an RTWP No condition. indoor cells or macro cells, occurs in cities or countryside, and occurs in busy hours or
problem. idle hours. Specify the impact range of the problem and determine the general problem
analysis direction.

Step 1 Action 2: Analyze RNC/NodeB Analyze whether RTWP changes are caused by external operations such as swap,
indexes change.
operation logs. upgrade, reset, or expansion.

Analyze whether the RTWP changes are caused by sudden external events (such as
Action 3: Check sudden factors. indexes change.
traffic increase) and bad weather.
Action 4: Check equipment faults
No condition. Check whether hardware failure occurs.
and alarms.
Action 5: Subdivide problem
causes 1: Analyze the RTWP
Cells need to be analyzed. Analyze possible causes for the problem based on the traffic measurement data.
traffic measurement data in
detail.
Step 2
Action 6: Subdivide problem The main and diversity RTWP information
Analyze possible causes for the problem based on the main and diversity RTWP
causes 2: Analyze the main and needs to be analyzed if the problem is not
symptoms.
diversity RTWP information in solved based on traffic measurement
detail. RTWP analysis.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 7: Check parameter
indicate that the problem may be a Check whether the parameter settings are correct.
settings.
configuration problem.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 8: Check the antenna and Check whether the antenna and feeder have engineering quality problems, such as
indicate that the problem may be caused
feeder quality. intermodulation interference, incorrect antenna and feeder connection, or cable break.
by poor antenna and feeder quality.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Steps 3 and 4 Action 9: Check external
indicate that the problem may be caused Check whether external interference exists.
interference.
by external interference.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 10: Check interference indicate that the problem may be caused
Check whether interference between neighboring cells exists.
between neighboring cells. by interference between neighboring
cells.
Action 11: Check capacity The RTWP problem persists after the Check whether the problem is a capacity problem. See the capacity-related topic UMTS
problems. preceding actions are performed. Network Planning and Optimization: Processes + Principles + Tools + Deliverables.

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Procedure for Analyzing an RTWP Problem
Based on Various Data Sources
Step 1: Identify characteristics of the RTWP problem.
Analyze the problem scenario based on traffic measurement data, and provide the principle for selecting
top cells based on the problem scenario to determine the impact range of the RTWP problem on a network.
Determine the general analysis direction for the RTWP problem on the entire network based on the
characteristics of the selected top cells. Generally, you can analyze an RTWP problem from the following
dimensions:
1. Whether the problem occurs after indexes change or always exists. 2. Whether the problem occurs on
the entire network or on top cells. 3. Whether the problem is a multi-carrier or single-carrier problem. 4.
Whether the problem occurs on indoor cells or macro cells. 5. Whether the problem occurs in cities or
countryside. 6. Whether the problem occurs in busy hours or idle hours.
Note: This section describes the general analysis idea, whereas the next section will describe the trigger
conditions and ending outputs of the four prescribed actions.
Step 2: Analyze the symptoms of the RTWP problem.
Based on the output of Step 1 and the analysis results of the traffic measurement data and the main and
diversity RTWP data, find the possible causes for the RTWP problem and determine the following check
direction.
Note: This section describes the general analysis idea, whereas the next section will describe the trigger
conditions and ending outputs of the two prescribed actions.
Step 3: Check the causes for the RTWP problem.
Verify the possible causes output from Step 2 and locate the root cause for the RTWP problem of the cell.
Note: This section describes the general analysis idea, whereas the next section will describe the trigger
conditions and ending outputs of the five prescribed actions.
Step 4: End the problem and provide an analysis report.
End the problem and evaluate the effect. If the target is not reached, repeat the operations in Step 3.

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Step 1: Identify the Characteristics of an RTWP Problem (1)
 Analyze the problem scenario and impact range based on the traffic measurement
indexes. It is recommended that you perform the analysis from the following
dimensions:

Obtain three key indexes from the traffic measurement data: Analyze the traffic measurement data within two
weeks on a daily basis, and first check on the RNC and then on cells.
 1. Based on the problem scenario, determine whether the problem occurs after
indexes change or always exists.

Provide different principles for selecting top cells based on different scenarios.

If the problem occurs after indexes change, find the external trigger operations: Check whether external changes
involving antenna and feeder restructuring (reusing) and service features occur, including swap, carrier
expansion, system expansion, upgrade, and feature deployment. Then, check whether sudden events occur
externally, including sudden traffic increase and sudden external interference.
For a problem that occurs after indexes change: Check whether the changes occur gradually
or suddenly and analyze the causes for the changes.

Principle for selecting top cells: Calculate the differences of the MinRTWP and MeanRTWP before and after a
period by deducting the values before the change from the values after the change. Sort cells with RTWP
changes by the minRTWP difference and meanRTWP difference in a descending order to obtain the top cells with
RTWP changes.
For a problem that always exists: Directly analyze the problem without analyzing external
trigger operations.

Principle for selecting top cells: 1) Sort cells by the absolute value of MeanRTWP in a descending order to
obtain top cells with high RTWP. 2) Sort cells by the absolute value of MinRTWP in a descending order to obtain
the top cells with abnormal RTWP noise floor.

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Step 1: Identify the Characteristics of an RTWP Problem (2)
 2. Based on the impact range, determine whether the problem occurs on
the entire network or on top cells.

Select and analyze top cells following the principle of selecting top cells in different problem
scenarios.

If the problem occurs on the entire network, check whether antenna and feeder restructuring
and service feature-related operations are implemented on the entire network, whether the
antenna and feeder is damaged by bad weather, and whether interference needs to be analyzed
on the entire network.
For a problem that occurs on the entire network: If the RTWP on the entire network
does not obviously improve after you remove RTWP data of first 20% top cells, the
problem occurs on the entire network.
For a problem that occurs on top cells: If the RTWP on the entire network obviously
improves and reaches the original value (or the target value) after you remove the
RTWP data of first 20% top cells with high RTWP, the problem occurs on top cells.
Analyze the problem based on the top 20 cells. If the problem occurs in the same period
(under the same operation) based on the same rule, the problem is a multi-site problem
occurring on the top cells. Otherwise, the problem is a single-site/single-cell problem
even if there are many sites.

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Step 1: Identify the Characteristics of an RTWP Problem
(3)
 3. Based on the frequency domain information, determine whether the problem is a multi-
carrier or single-carrier problem.

Analyze the problem from frequency bands to carriers to identify whether the problem is a multi-carrier or single-
carrier problem on cells of various frequency bands. If the problem occurs on the entire network, obtain the
distribution of the top cell (multi-site) problem on frequency bands and frequencies.

Most multi-carrier problems are caused by improper RF channel configurations, engineering problems
(intermodulation interference), or external broadband interference; most single-carrier problems are caused by the
external interference on certain frequencies or capacity problems (improper networking strategies).
For a multi-carrier problem: Compare the RTWP data of multiple cells in the same sector and same
frequency band of a site with the RTWP problem. If the problem occurs on all the cells, the problem is a
multi-carrier problem.
For a single-carrier problem: Compare the RTWP data of multiple cells in the same sector and same
frequency band of a site with the RTWP problem. If the problem occurs only on certain cells, the problem is a
single-carrier problem.
 4. Based on the site coverage type, determine whether the problem occurs on indoor cells
or on macro cells.

Most RTWP problems occurring on indoor cells are either caused by the poor engineering quality (intermodulation)
of the indoor system, or high RTWP caused by the heavy traffic of indoor cells.
The problem occurs on indoor cells if the cells on which the RTWP problem occurs cover indoor
environment.
The problem occurs on macro cells if the cells on which the RTWP problem occurs cover outdoor
environment.

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Step 1: Identify the Characteristics of an RTWP Problem
(4)
 5. Based on the regional distribution, determine whether the problem
occurs in cities or countryside.

If the problem occurs on the entire network or top cells (multiple sites), draw the regional
distribution of the cells with the problem by using mapinfo.

If the cells with the problem are distributed in a centralized manner, the problem may be caused
by regional interference. If the cells with the problem are distributed in a concentrated city zone,
the problem may be caused by the capacity impact due to heavy traffic. If the cells with the
problem are dispersed in remote countryside, the problem may be caused by poor engineering
quality of the antenna and feeder. For example, the antenna system in remote areas is
desolated.
For a regional problem that occurs in countryside: If the cells with high RTWP are concentrated
in countryside, the problem is a regional problem in countryside.
For a regional problem that occurs in cities: If the cells with high RTWP are concentrated in
cities, the problem is a regional problem in cities.
 6. Determine whether the problem occurs in busy hours or idle hours.

Generally, idle-hour problems include external interference, improper configurations, and
intermodulation interference, whereas busy-hour problems involve many possible causes, such
as intermodulation interference and service capacity problems.
Busy-hour problem: If the cells has a large number of subscribers when the cell RTWP is high, the
problem occurs in busy hours.
Idle-hour problem: If the cells has a small number of subscribers when the cell RTWP is high, the
problem occurs in idle hours.
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Step 2: Subdivide the Possible Causes for the RTWP Problem
Make further analysis based on the characteristics of the RTWP
problem obtained in Step 1 and the various data sources of each cell
to obtain the most possible causes. Generally, the following data and
analysis methods can be used:
 Traffic measurement (Hour-level RTWP traffic measurement data):
 Analyze the most possible causes based on the multi-carrier, idle hour,
and noise floor characteristics of the problem.
 Analyze the most possible causes based on the relationship between
RTWP and subscriber quantity.
 Main and diversity RTWP (Main and diversity RTWP data traced in
real time or NodeB RTWP tracing log)
 Analyze the most possible causes based on the main and diversity
RTWP difference.
 Analyze the most possible causes based on the main and diversity
RTWP signal characteristics.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20
 A. Analyze Causes Based on Traffic Measurement Data (Multi-Carrier, Idle
Hour, and Noise Floor Characteristics)
 Traffic measurement: Obtain three key indexes at the hour level of each cell within two weeks: CellDCHUEs, MinRTWP,
and MeanRTWP for analysis.

VS.MeanRTWP VS.MaxRTWP VS.MinRTWP VS.HSDPA.UE.Mean.Cell VS.HSUPA.UE.Mean.Cell VS.CellDCHUEs VS.CellFACHUEs VS.CellPCHUEs

-105.0365 -99.6000 -105.5000 2.6694 0.4528 5.6194 2.8444 14.1833

-105.1614 -99.2000 -105.5000 1.6444 0.3083 2.9750 1.3722 17.0833

Noise floor analysis: Obtain the noise floor values of multiple carrier cells of the same RF module and obtain the MinRTWP value without
subscribers for analysis.
Note: The minimum RTWP in the RNC traffic measurement is -112.1 dBm. If the NodeB is ever reset or the reported value is
lower than -112 dBm, the value may be -112.1 dBm. If a cell has the value -112.1 dBm occasionally, it is a normal case.
Configuration problems (RF
Check configuration
channel configurations), 60%
 Data analysis method: Provide possible causes
problems (described
later) for the problem based on the method in the left
Hardware failure of the RF module, 30%
Too low figure.
1. Noise (lower)
(Non-RF channel configuration problems)  Data analysis principle: Problems occurring on
floor
analysis Same for Nor the antenna channel and the intra-TRX channel
(Obtain Configuration problems (RF channel
all cells mal
the noise configurations), 50% are generally shown in all co-antenna or co-RF
floor of Too high Engineering problems module cells. This principle applies to all data
cells with (higher) (intermodulation Intermodulation
the test for sources. However, this principle does not apply
interference), 10%
problem confirmation to the intermodulation interference within the
and Co- External interference, 30%
RF antenna channel because the intermodulation
module interference may not hit configured frequencies.
Non-RF channel configuration problems/hardware failure
cells:
obtain the The value is  Note: The sum of all distribution ratios is not
too low or too Configuration problems (carrier configurations), 20%
minRTWP
high for 100% because other causes may exist.
value in a
certain cells. Engineering problems (intermodulation interference), 30%
certain  Note: Distributed cells cause a fixed noise floor,
period.)
External interference, 40% Spectrum scanning namely, △RTWP = Increase of 10log(N)dB.
for confirmation

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A. Analyze Causes Based on Traffic Measurement Data (Relationship Between
RTWP and Subscriber Quantity)
 2. Observe the RTWP changes in busy and idle hours based on the relationship between the meanRTWP changes and subscriber
quantity to analyze the problem causes:
Draw a diagram by using three traffic measurement indexes to observe the relationship between the subscriber quantity and RTWP
changes. If the RTWP varies with the subscriber quantity, check capacity problems by referring to the X Approaches to Network
Planning and Optimization (Including Capacity) after excluding intermodulation interference, external interference (special scenario:
the coverage of the uplink indoor system is too high), and neighboring cell configuration failure.
Engineering problems (intermodulation
interference), 70%

If the RTWP External interference, 10%. You can check The RTWP changes are unrelated to the
varies with the whether the protection zone is too narrow or subscriber quantity; the problem may be caused
subscriber the GSM/UMTS frequency distance is too by external interference.
quantity of cells, small during GSM/UMTS refarming by
2. the RTWP is scanning frequencies or through tracing
Relationship high when the with finer granularity.
between the subscriber
RTWP quantity is large.
Service capacity problems (such as heavy
changes and
traffic and neighboring cell interference),
subscriber
10%
quantity: If the
noise floor
RTWP is
normal, the
RTWP is high
when services If the RTWP External interference, 70%
are used. changes are not The RTWP changes are unrelated to the subscriber
closely related to quantity because the service behavior of a neighbor cell is
the subscriber Engineering problems the same as that of the local cell.
quantity of a cell, (intermodulation interference),
there is no rule 20%. For example, the
for RTWP intermodulation interference of
changes. cells that share the same antenna
and feeder but use different
systems does not show the
service behavior of the local cell.

Note: The RTWP traffic measurement data does not include main and diversity information;
therefore, you cannot check and identify all fault modes and must locate the problem in
combination with the main and diversity RTWP information.

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B. Analyze Causes Based on the Main and Diversity RTWP Difference.
 Analyze possible causes for the problem based on the main and diversity RTWP difference (for at least one day): If failing to determine or
identify the possible causes based on the traffic measurement data, you can perform further eduction and confirmation based on the main and
diversity RTWP information.

The trends of the main and diversity RTWP are the same, with a fixed
difference N dB. The reflections on all carriers are the same. The channel
Are the reflections on all attenuation is improper.
carriers the same?

(Y) RF channel configuration problems (attenuation

The trends of the configuration and interconnection mode) In a single cell, the trends of the main and diversity
RTWP are different, but are the same as the trends of
main and (N) Carrier configuration problems, 80% the main and diversity RTWP in a neighboring cell. In
diversity RTWP addition, the main and diversity RTWP of the two cells

are the same, (Y) Antenna channel amplifier or attenuator problems, are mutually complementary.

with a fixed 15% The trends of the main and diversity RTWP are different
and no similar neighboring cell is available. The antenna
1. The difference. Engineering problems (abnormal sector system may be faced with intermodulation interference.
difference interconnection and cross-connection) that can
The trends of the
between be identified based on neighboring cells, 40%
main and
the main The diversity
Main(red)
RTWP
signals
of cell
areAfaced
= Diversity
with interference,
RTWP of cell butB.the main signals are
diversity RTWP Engineering problems (intermodulation not faced with
Diversity
interference.
RTWP of Thecell3G
A =antenna
Main RTWP
is radiated
of cellby
B. the 2G repeater
and antenna of another operator in a short distance. The 3G antenna uses space
are different (not interference), 45%
diversity diversity, but the main antenna is far away from the 2G antenna.
related or loosely
RTWP is External interference (external polarization interference
related). The main or diversity RTWP has no fluctuation, and the
large. (only the main or diversity signals are interfered)), 10% interconnection mode is not configured.
(Obtain the
data of the Configuration problems (interconnection mode and a
cells with single-antenna cell is configured as a dual-antenna
the The main or cell), 60%
problem diversity RTWP
and co-RF has no fluctuation Hardware failure of the RF module (channel fault alarm and
module cable damage), 20%
cells.)

Engineering problems (The main or diversity channel is not

connected and an antenna and feeder component is damaged), 20%

 Note 1: This step applies to fault modes that require comparison between the main and diversity RTWP data, for example, antenna and feeder intermodulation
interference, incorrect antenna and feeder connection or antenna and feeder failure, configuration problems, and external interference. A tool is available. The
document describes how to use the tool later.
 Note 2: The sum of all ratios is not 100% because other causes may exist.

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B. Analyze Causes Based on the Main and Diversity RTWP Signal Characteristics
 Further verify the possible causes for the problem based on the characteristics of the main and diversity RTWP signals in a short period
(in seconds): If you already obtain the possible causes from traffic measurement data, you can further verify the possible causes based on the main
and diversity RTWP (or the multiple carriers on the same RF module).
External interference, 60%

Continually Configuration problem (incorrect The RTWP is high all the day, which may be
The main and diversity RTWP is too high
high RTWP configurations for the two caused by external interference.
2. The main all the day, which may be caused by
channels), 30%
and diversity incorrect configurations or external
RTWP trends The service capacity is interference.
are the same, continually high (The probability
but high is slim. Observe the service Intermittent interference occurs regularly in
RTWP or capacity in combination with the a period of a day.
peak RTWP traffic measurement), 5%
exists. Short-time
External intermittent interference, Check other TRX cells served by the same RF module.
peak RTWP
50% It is found that their behaviors are the same, which
further verifies that the possible causes are incorrect
Service capacity problems, 40% configurations. The checking results show that the
problem is caused by incorrect configurations.
Configuration problems (incorrect configurations of the
3. The main
channel attenuation and cross-connection mode), 60%
and diversity
RTWP trends
are the same,
but the
RTWP is too Hardware failure of the intra-TRX channel (alarm
low. generated for the excessively low RTWP), 30%

 Note 1: As compared with the traffic measurement data, the reporting granularity of main and diversity RTWP data is finer. You can analyze the
signal rule (whether the signal rules on multiple sites are the same) to identify whether external interference exists.
 Note 2: For a problem about high RTWP or peak RTWP, if you still cannot locate the cause after excluding configuration, interference, and
intermodulation problems, you can check capacity problems by referring to the X-Board Axe Network Planning and Optimization (Including
Capacity).

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B. Main and Diversity RTWP Log Analysis Tool
 You can use the RTWP log analysis tool to analyze the main
and diversity RTWP data.
Function Output

Cross-connection, Output an EXCEL file

intermodulation, and containing the analysis
main and diversity results of all cells.
difference analysis
RTWP text output Output a TXT file for the
RTWP values of each
cell.
RTWP graphic output Output a PNG file for
the RTWP values of
each cell.

 Currently, the RTWP log analysis tool can be used to check cross-connections between
sectors, intermodulation between cells, low main or diversity RTWP, small RTWP
fluctuation of a single diversity, and large difference between main and diversity RTWP.
 The RTWP log analysis tool cannot detect reverse connection of an entire sector,
simultaneous intermodulation of the main and diversity cells, and intermodulation of
single-antenna reception cells.

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B. Main and Diversity RTWP Log Analysis
Tool
 Data Operation Procedure:

1. Collect the RTWP log files of a NodeB to be analyzed.

2. Use the RTWP log analysis tool to analyze the log files and output
analysis results.

3. Verify the analysis results based on the RTWP data.

Cross-connection Intermodulation Main and diversity

check result check result difference distribution

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Step 3: Verify and Exclude Various
RTWP Problems and Causes
Common problems and check methods are as follows:

 Configuration problems: 1) Query configuration parameters that

may affect the RTWP value by using MML commands.

2) Tool: tool for checking channel configuration parameters.

 Engineering problems:

 Intermodulation: Intermodulation test function.

 Cross-connection: Main and diversity RTWP log analysis tool.

 External interference: Spectrum scanning.

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1.1 Checking Configuration Problems by Using MML Commands
 The following table lists the parameters of a NodeB that can affect the RTWP. Check whether the parameter
settings are correct in combination with the networking diagram.
 RF channel parameters affect all carriers on the RF channels. Carrier parameters affect only single carriers.

Parameter MML (R12) MML (R13) Impact Range Check Point or Recommended Value

RF channel LST RXATTEN DSP RXBRANCH RF channel Set this parameter based on the TMA installation and feeder
attenuation value connection. Generally, channel attenuation value TMA gain-
feeder loss.

RTWP Initial DSP DSP RXBRANCH Carrier This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not 0, you
RTWP value RTWPINITADJ must check the reason.

RF DSP LST RRU RF channel This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not 0, you
desensitization RFDESPARAM must check the reason.
value
Cell DSP DESENS DSP DESENS Carrier This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not 0, you
desensitization must check the reason.
intensity
Interconnection LST SEC LST SEC RF channel Set this parameter based on the physical connections and
mode check whether the hardware connection is normal.

Cell mode LST SEC LST SEC RF channel Set this parameter differently in single-antenna, dual-antenna,
and distributed scenarios.
TMA gain value LST TMAGAIN DSP RF channel Set this parameter in combination with the TMA specifications
TMASUBUNIT or the set value.

TMA mode LST TMAMODE DSP RF channel Typically, the TMA mode is Normal.
TMASUBUNIT

Current status on DSP ANTCON DSP RF channel Normally, the power switch is on and has current.
the antenna port ANTENNAPORT

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1.2. Tool for Checking Configuration Parameters
 Tool: tool for checking RF channel configuration parameters --
iSStar script
 Data operation:

Run the check script on the M2000. Then, the script outputs parameters
that are often incorrectly configured for all cells served by all RNCs or one
RNC: RF channel attenuation value, TMA power supply current, and
interconnection mode. You can check whether the parameters are correctly
configured based on the networking diagram and problem symptom.

The power The configured No attenuation value

switch is on main attenuation is configured for the
Interconne value is the same diversities.
and has
ction mode as the valid
current.
value.

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2.1 Verifying Intermodulation — Test Function 1
 Start a simulated test on the downlink load of a NodeB to identify whether
intermodulation exists.

Note: All versions support the simulated test function and provides high accuracy.

Enable the downlink load simulation function, increase the downlink transmit power of a
cell, and then check the RTWP value of the cell. Before the test, you must deactivate the
DPA cells served by an RNC because the test cannot be normally started when DPA cells
are activated.

Intermodulation exists if the RTWP increases with increase of the downlink power and the
RTWP decreases with decrease of the downlink power.

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2.2 Verifying Intermodulation — Test Function 2
 Check whether intermodulation exists by using the offline intermodulation test on
a NodeB.

Note: The NodeB R13C00SPC340 and later versions support this test function. Enable
this function in idle hours (early morning) to achieve a high accuracy.

MML command: STR RFTEST;

Function description:

This function measures the RTWP increase by enabling a cell to transmit service signals at
full power. If the RTWP increase of the cell exceeds a preset threshold, intermodulation
exists.

This function is an offline function and may affect cell services.

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3.1 Verifying Interference — Spectrum Scanning
 The NodeB R13 and later versions support FFT frequency scanning. By scanning the
frequencies on an LMT, you can obtain the frequency information about a cell to identify
interference.

Note: The SRRU supports only offline scanning, but does not support online scanning.

Typical Application Impact on Services (This

Function Advantage Disadvantage
Scenario System and Other Systems)
High-definition This function does not interrupt
This function cannot
Collect information for checking This function has no impact on the services, involves small data
online carrier interference. local-end and peer-end services. amount, and provides high
show the situation when
scanning no frequency is used.
precision.
If problems are found in service
verification on a site in the This function does not interrupt
Broadband online This function has no impact on the The definition is a little
engineering phase, this function services and can show the
carrier scanning can be used to check whether
local-end and peer-end services.
interference between frequencies.
low.
external interference exists.
This function interrupts
This function provides a wide range services and features low
This function stops services and
Full-frequency- This function interrupts both local- of spectrum scanning, features high definition. Generally, this
collects interference information
band scanning to ensure the accuracy.
end and peer-end services. accuracy, and eliminates the function can be used only
impacts from services. after being approved by a
customer.

Full-frequency-band
scanning result

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3.2 Verifying Interference — Spectrum
Scanning (Continued)
 You can identify whether interference signals exist based on the
frequency scanning result.
 Operation method

1. Use the high-definition online carrier scanning function to show the spectrum within
the 5 Mbit/s bandwidth of a cell to analyze whether in-band interference exists.

2. Use the broadband online scanning function to obtain the spectrum in an entire
frequency band to analyze whether external interference exists.
In-band
interference point In-band noise
floor information

High-definition online
carrier scanning result

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3.3 Checking Interference — On-site Test
 After determining the general interference direction remotely, you
need to check the interference on site. You can find the
interference source by scanning frequencies through a spectrum
analyzer.

Method of checking interference at the local end

Cross-connect the feeder of a cell with the problem and the feeder of a
normal cell to check whether the problem is related to the feeder connection.

Adjust the azimuth of the antenna to check whether the problem is related to
the directions.

Use a matching load component to test the antenna port in an isolated
manner to check whether the problem is related to the equipment or caused
by external factors.

Perform interference scanning test on site by using a spectrum analyzer.
Use the yagi antenna delivered with the spectrum analyzer to measure the
interference source direction and determine the interference source.

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 Overview of RF Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for

Uplink Channel Problems
Prescribed Analysis Actions and
Deliverables of Analyzing Uplink Channel
Problems
Cause Analysis and Handling for Downlink
Channel Problems
Prescribed Analysis Actions and
Deliverables of Analyzing Downlink Channel
Problems
Cases Related to Channel Problems

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Analyzing uplink channel problems involves
RTWP analysis. The causes of RTWP problems
are complex.
Currently, we summarize 11 fixed checklists of
RTWP problem causes and define entrance
conditions for each checklist. It is
recommended that you strictly follow the
checklists in operation.

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Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and Summarization — Prescribed
Action Checklist (1)
Prescribed Data Source
Analysis Action Deliverable Ending
Action and Tool
Analyze the traffic measurement data and:
1. Analyze the long-term RTWP traffic measurement
1. Provide a diagram of key traffic measurement
data to identify whether the problem always exists or
indexes. Specify the problem scenario to identify
occurs after indexes change. If the problem occurs after
whether the problem always exists or occurs after
indexes change, you must specify the time when the
indexes change.
indexes change.
2. Provide the problem impact and analysis range:
Action 1: Data source: 2. Determine the problem range: whether the problem
whether the problem occurs on the entire network or
Identify the traffic occurs on the entire network or on top sites (single sites
top cells.
characteristics measuremen or single cells). If the problem occurs on the entire None
3. Provide the result of top 20 cell analysis if the
of an RTWP t network (multi-site problem), analyze top 20 cells first.
problem is a multi-site problem: whether the problem is
problem. Tool: None 3. Check whether the problem is a multi-carrier or
a multi-carrier or single-carrier problem, whether the
single-carrier problem, whether the problem occurs on
problem occurs on indoor cells or macro cells, whether
indoor cells or macro cells, whether the problem is a
the problem is a regional problem occurring in
regional problem occurring in countryside or cities, and
countryside or cities, and whether the problem occurs
whether the problem occurs in busy hours or idle hours.
in busy hours or idle hours.
4. Provide the possible problem range.
This action needs to be performed only when the
problem occurs after indexes change.
1. Check whether engineering behaviors such as swap,
Data source:
Action 2: TRX expansion, and system expansion and service- 1. Provide the confirmed external actions.
RNC or
Analyze the related actions such as upgrade and feature activation 2. Provide the analysis result of matching between the
NodeB 1. Provide summary and
RNC or NodeB have been performed. If yes, obtain the specific time of operation time and index change time.
operation cases.
operation the actions. 3. Provide possible trigger causes.
logs
logs. 2. Analyze the RNC or NodeB operation logs to identify
Tool: None
whether external operations are performed. If yes, check
whether the operation time matches the index change
time.
1. For reasonable RTWP
changes caused by
Data source:
sudden factors, provide
traffic This action needs to be performed only when the
Action 3: 1. Provide the analysis result of sudden factor impact analysis reports and
measuremen problem occurs after indexes change.
Check sudden on the RTWP. recommended solutions,
t and external 1. Analyze whether sudden events such as outburst
factors. and clarify the problem
information traffic and bad weather causes abnormal RTWP.
to customers.
Tool: None
2. Provide summary and
cases.

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Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and Summarization — Prescribed
Action Checklist (2)
Prescribed Data Source
Analysis Action Deliverable Ending
Action and Tool
Action 4:
Check Data source: 1. Provide the list of RF module alarms 1. After the alarms are cleared,
1. Obtain the list of RTWP-related RF module alarms corresponding to top cells with
equipment alarm list of the cells. observe the RTWP changes.
abnormal RTWP and solve RTWP problems by checking faults based on the alarms.
faults and Tool: M2000 2. Provide possible causes. 2. Provide summary and cases.
alarms.
Analyze possible causes by analyzing the traffic measurement data (skip this
Action 5: step if you can find out the root cause based on the main and diversity RTWP Provide the analysis result of traffic
Subdivide data). measurement data:
Data source:
problem 1. Based on the analysis result of action 1, analyze the traffic measurement data 1. Provide a diagram of key traffic
traffic
causes 1: (multi-carrier characteristics + noise floor + relationship between RTWP changes and measurement indexes about a single cell
measurement None
Analyze the service behaviors) of cells with the problem, and provide the possible causes and and provide the analysis result of
Tool:
RTWP traffic excluded causes. possible causes and excluded causes.
None
measurement Note: You can analyze the main and diversity RTWP data of all TRX boards on 2. Provide the reason for performing the
data in detail. the channel where the cells with the problem are located to identify whether the next operation.
problem is a channel fault or carrier fault.
Analyze possible causes by analyzing the main and diversity RTWP logs (skip
Action 6: this step if you can find out the root cause based on the traffic measurement
Subdivide data). Provide the main and diversity RTWP
problem Data source: 1. Collect the RTWP logs of all sites and analyze the logs by using the RTWP log analysis result:
causes 2: RTWP data analysis tool to identify cell cross-connection, intermodulation interference, and 1. Provide a diagram of the main and
Analyze the Tool: RTWP single-diversity disconnection. diversity RTWP data of a single cell and
None
main and log analysis 2. Based on the analysis result of action 1 (such as multi-carrier problem), analyze provide the analysis result of possible
diversity tool the main and diversity RTWP characteristics and provide possible causes for the causes and excluded causes.
RTWP problem. 2. Provide the reason for performing the
information in Note: You can analyze the main and diversity RTWP data of all TRX boards on next operation.
detail. the channel where the cells with the problem are located to identify whether the
problem is a channel fault or carrier fault.
For suspectable configuration problems, check RF channel parameters:
Data source:
1. Query the RF channel parameter settings of corresponding cells and the valid
NodeB 1. Provide the RF channel parameter list
values.
Action 7: configurations of corresponding cells. 1. Adjust the RF channel
2. Based on the networking diagram, analyze and check errors such as abnormal
Check Tool: 2. Provide the reasonableness analysis parameter settings and observe
operating status of the TMA and inconsistency between configured parameter values
parameter Tool for result of RF channel parameter settings the ending result.
and valid or required values, and then check whether the RTWP problems of the cells
settings. checking based on the network diagram. 2. Provide summary and cases.
are caused by the errors.
parameter
Note: If you cannot determine whether RTWP problems are related to RF
settings
channel parameter settings, check all RF channel parameter settings.

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Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and Summarization — Prescribed
Action Checklist (3)
Prescribed Data Source
Analysis Action Deliverable Ending
Action and Tool
For suspectable antenna and feeder quality problems, perform analysis as
follows:
1. Use the RTWP log analysis tool for analysis.
Data Collect the RTWP logs of all sites, and analyze the logs by using the RTWP 1. Check the
1. Provide the RTWP
Action 8: source: log analysis tool to check whether cell cross-connection, intermodulation antenna and feeder
analysis results of the
Check the RTWP logs interference, or single-diversity disconnection exists. quality problems
cells.
antenna and Tool: 2. Identify problems by means of intermodulation test. based on the
2. Provide the
feeder RTWP log (1). On the UMTS side, perform an offline intermodulation test or implement analysis result.
intermodulation test
quality. analysis tool the downlink load simulation to identify whether intermodulation exists. 2. Provide summary
results of the cells.
(2). In GSM/UMTS co-antenna scenarios, send dummy burst from the GSM and cases.
side to test whether the GSM side causes intermodulation.
Note: If you cannot determine whether a site with high RTWP is faced
with intermodulation interference, perform this action for analysis.
For cells that may be faced with interference, perform analysis as follows:
1. Check whether interference exists based on the result of 3G FFT frequency
1. Provide the frequency
scanning (or GSM uplink frequency scanning in the same sector and same
scanning results of the
Data frequency band, or scanning by a spectrum analyzer). Pay attention to the
cells with the problem.
source: occurrence time characteristics of interference. Scan frequencies when
2. Provide the MapInfo
FFT sample, interference exists; otherwise, you cannot find interference.
diagram showing
Action 9: traffic 2. For a problem occurring on multiple sites, determine whether the problem is 1. Check the
distribution of the cells
Check measuremen caused by external interference based on the geographical distribution of the interference.
with the problem.
external t, main and sites. 2. Provide summary
3. If the problem occurs
interference. diversity 3. Check whether interference is from the same interference source: If sites and cases.
on multiple cells, provide
RTWP logs with the problem are concentrated geographically, analyze the traffic
the analysis result of the
Tool: measurement data and main and diversity RTWP data of the cells on multiple
interference
NodeB LMT sites, and observe whether the RTWP changes of the cells follow the same
relationships among the
time rule.
cells.
Note: If you cannot determine whether a site with high RTWP is faced
with external interference, perform this action for analysis.

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 Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and Summarization — Prescribed
Action Checklist (4)

Prescribed Data Source and

Analysis Action Deliverable Ending
Action Tool
For cells that may be faced with interference
from neighboring cells (the number of
subscribers is small, but RTWP increase is
1. Adjust and
Action 10: Data source: large), perform analysis as follows:
1. Provide the optimize
Check traffic 1. Check whether any neighboring cell is not
check result of neighboring
interference measurement + configured or incorrectly configured.
neighboring cells cells.
between configurations Note: If you cannot determine whether
not configured. 2. Provide
neighboring Tool: interference between neighboring cells
summary and
cells. NP Master exists, analyze capacity problems by
cases.
referring to the UMTS Network Planning and
Optimization: Processes + Principles + Tools
+ Deliverables.
If the RTWP problem persists after excluding all See the UMTS
Data source:
Action 11: the preceding problems, analyze capacity Network Planning
traffic Optimize the
Check problems by referring to the UMTS Network and Optimization:
measurement + parameters and
capacity Planning and Optimization: Processes + Processes +
configurations performance.
problems. Principles + Tools + Deliverables. Principles + Tools +
Tool: OMStar
Deliverables.

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Prescribed Action 1 Description: Identify Characteristics of an RTWP
Problem
Trigger condition of prescribed action 1:
 All scenarios
Data Source and Characteristics_Summary
Sequence and
Priority of Data
Source Analysis Traffic Measurement

[Data analysis template]

(1)Problem characteristics analysis template (traffic measurement)
[Characteristics]
In scenarios where the RTWP problem occurs after indexes change, obtain top cells based on the
difference between RTWP values; in scenarios where the RTWP problem always exists, obtain top
cells based on the absolute values of RTWP.
(1) For a problem that occurs on top cells: If the RTWP on the entire network obviously improves and
reaches the original value (or the target value) after you remove the RTWP data of first 20% top cells with
high RTWP, the problem occurs on top cells.
(2) For a problem that occurs on the entire network: If the RTWP on the entire network does not
obviously improve after you remove first 20% top cells with high MeanRTWP and MinRTWP, the problem
Traffic measurement: occurs on the entire network.
high priority -> (3)For a multi-carrier or single-carrier problem: Compare the RTWP data of multiple cells in the same
Engineering parameter sector and same frequency band of a site with the RTWP problem. If the problem occurs in multiple cells,
settings the problem is a multi-carrier problem. If the problem occurs only on one cell, the problem is a single-
carrier problem. If the problem occurs on the entire network, provide the distribution of the cells with the
problem in all frequency bands and frequencies.
(4) For a problem that occurs in indoor cells or macro cells: Identify whether the cells with the
problem are indoor cells or macro cells based on the networking schemes.
(5) For a regional problem that occurs in countryside or cities: If the problem occurs on the entire
network or top cells (multi-site problem), prepare a mapinfo diagram. If the cells with the problem are
concentrated in cities, the problem is a regional problem that occurs in cities; if the cells with the
problem are concentrated in countryside, the problem is a regional problem that occurs in
countryside.
(6)For a problem that occurs in busy hours or idle hours: Determine whether the problem occurs in
busy hours or idle hours based on the subscriber quantities when the RTWP is abnormal.

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Prescribed Action 2 Description: Analyze
Operation Logs
Trigger condition of the prescribed action:
 In scenarios where the RTWP problem occurs after indexes change: Check
whether operations such as site deployment, swap, upgrade, service activation,
carrier expansion, and system expansion are performed, analyze the operation
logs of the RNC and NodeB to view the specific time of operations that may affect
the RTWP, and analyze external possible causes for the problem.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and Priority
of Data Source Analysis Traffic Measurement Log
[Data analysis]
1. Analyze the operation records in the RNC
[Data analysis] operation logs at the exception time to
NodeB/RNC operation Obtain the time when the analyze whether operations that may affect
logs: high priority -> RTWP becomes abnormal the RTWP are performed.
Traffic measurement data: from the traffic 2. Analyze the operation records in the NodeB
medium priority measurement data. operation logs at the exception time to
[Tool] analyze whether operations that may affect
None the RTWP are performed.
[Tool]
None

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Prescribed Action 3 Description: Analyze
Sudden Factors
Trigger condition of the prescribed action:
 In scenarios where the RTWP problem occurs after indexes change,
if no internal network adjustment (swap, parameter change,
upgrade) is found in operation logs, you can check whether factors
(such as traffic change, bad weather, and sudden external
interference) that may affect the RTWP exist.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and Priority of
Data Source Analysis Traffic Measurement
[Data analysis template]
Traffic & RTWP trend comparison template
[Characteristics]
Traffic measurement: high
The RTWP degrades suddenly, and the periods and regions match the
priority
periods and regions of a sudden event that may affect the RTWP, such as
traffic change (gathering), bad weather (antenna and feeder damage), or
sudden external interference.

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Prescribed Action 4 Description: Check Equipment
Faults and Alarms
Trigger condition of the prescribed action:
All scenarios
Data Source and Characteristics_Summary
Sequence and Priority of
Data Source Analysis Traffic Measurement Alarm
[Data analysis] [Data analysis]
Alarm data: high priority
Obtain the list of top cells with the problem Analyze whether alarms that may affect the
Traffic measurement data:
from the traffic measurement data. RTWP are generated on top cells.
medium priority
[Tool] [Tool]
None None
Alarm Name Related Problem

ALM-26522 Alarm for RTWP/RSSI imbalance on RF receive The main RTWP is different from the diversity RTWP.
channels

ALM-26521 Alarm generated for the lower excessively low The RTWP is too low.
RTWP/RSSI on RF receive channels

ALM-26532 Alarm generated for RF module hardware failure The RTWP is abnormal and the RF module hardware
fails.
ALM-26758 Alarm generated for abnormal TMA running data The TMA gain is abnormal.

ALM-26755 Alarm generated for TMA bypass The TMA gain fails.

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Prescribed Action 5 and 6 Description:
Subdivide Possible Causes for the Problem
Trigger condition for prescribed actions 5 and 6:
 In all scenarios, either traffic measurement data or the main and diversity
RTWP, or both of them must be analyzed. If you cannot find out the root cause
by using one data source, use the other data source for auxiliary analysis.
 In scenarios where engineering operations such as site deployment and swap
are performed, the main and diversity RTWP log tracing must be enabled on the
entire network to analyze and check the sites on the entire network.
Data Source and Characteristics_Summary
Sequence and
Priority of Data
Traffic Measurement Main and Diversity RTWP
Source Analysis
[Data analysis template] [Data analysis template]
RTWP problem cause analysis template (traffic RTWP problem cause distribution template (main and
measurement) diversity RTWP)
Provide possible causes and excluded causes. Provide possible causes and excluded causes.
Traffic measurement - [Characteristics] The traffic measurement data [Characteristics] The main and diversity RTWP data needs
> main and diversity needs to be analyzed without special reasons. If to be analyzed without special reasons. If you have found out
RTWP: high priority you have found out the root cause by analyzing the root cause by analyzing the traffic measurement data, you
the main and diversity RTWP data, you can skip can skip the main and diversity RTWP analysis.
the traffic measurement RTWP analysis. [Tool]
[Tool] Main and diversity RTWP log analysis tool
None

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Prescribed Action 7 Description: Check
Parameter Settings
Trigger condition of prescribed action 7:
 Based on analysis results of actions 5 and 6, cells may have incorrect
configurations.
 If you are not sure whether cells and sites have incorrect parameter settings,
perform this action unconditionally. By performing this action, you can exclude
problems such as high RTWP, low RTWP, or inconsistent main and diversity
RTWP caused by incorrect parameter settings.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and Priority of Data
Source Analysis Traffic Measurement Parameter
[Data analysis]
(1) Compare the RF channel parameters and
RF channel parameters: high [Data analysis] carrier parameters of the cells with abnormal
priority Obtain cells with high or low noise noise floor values.
Traffic measurement data: floor values from the traffic (2) Check whether parameters are properly
medium priority measurement data. configured and optimize them.
[Tool] (3) Check whether parameter relationships are
None reasonable and optimize them.
[Tool]
RF channel parameter check script

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Prescribed Action 8 Description: Check the
Antenna and Feeder Quality
Trigger condition of prescribed action 8:
 Based on analysis results of actions 5 and 6, cells may have engineering quality
problems.
 If you cannot determine whether the cells with high RTWP have engineering
quality problems based on the analysis results of actions 5 and 6, you must
check the antenna and feeder quality of the cells. The check should focus on
inter-sector cross-connection and intermodulation interference.
Data Source and Characteristics_Summary
Sequence and
Priority of Data
Traffic Measurement RTWP Log Intermodulation Test
Source Analysis
RTWP logs: high
[Data analysis] [Data analysis]
priority [Data analysis]
Obtain cells with Perform intermodulation test
Intermodulation test: (1) Check cross-connections.
inconsistent main and on cells that may be faced
medium priority (2) Check cells faced with
diversity RTWP from the with intermodulation
Traffic measurement intermodulation interference.
traffic measurement data. interference for confirmation.
data: medium [Tool]
[Tool] [Tool]
priority RTWP log analysis tool
None NodeB LMT

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 47

Prescribed Action 9 Description: Check External Interference
Trigger condition of prescribed action 9:
 Based on analysis results of actions 5 and 6, cells may be faced with
interference.
 If the RTWP keeps high after configuration and antenna and feeder quality
problems are excluded, you can perform this action to identify whether external
interference exists.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and
Priority of Data
Source Analysis
Traffic Measurement Main and Diversity RTWP Frequency Scanning

[Data analysis]
(1) Obtain cells with high noise floor values from the
[Data analysis]
traffic measurement data, and analyze the
(1) Obtain the main and diversity RTWP
distribution of the cells with abnormal RTWP based [Data analysis]
trends of the neighboring cells to check
on the geographical information to check whether Scan the frequencies for the cells to
whether the RTWP trends of the
Frequency scanning: the cells are faced with regional interference. obtain the frequency information
neighboring cells follow the same rule
high priority (2) Obtain the RTWP trends of the neighboring cells about the cells.
as that of the cells with the problem. If
-> from the traffic measurement data to check whether (2) Analyze the frequency
the RTWP trends follow the same rule
Traffic measurement the RTWP trends of the neighboring cells follow the information to identify interference
and comply with the characteristics of
data: medium priority same rule as that of the cells with the problem. If the characteristics.
external interference, the cells may be
RTWP trends follow the same rule and comply with [Tool]
faced with the same external
the characteristics of external interference, the cells NodeB LMT
interference.
may be faced with the same external interference.
[Tool]
MapInfo

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 48

Prescribed Action 10 Description: Check
Interference Between Neighboring Cells

Trigger condition of prescribed action 10:

 If the problem persists after all the other causes are excluded,
you can check and optimize the neighboring cell relationship.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and Priority of
Data Source Analysis Parameter
[Data analysis]
Parameters: high priority Provide neighboring cells not configured.

[Tool]
NPMaster and CME

For details about neighboring cell optimization actions, see the

Network Optimization and Planning.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 49

Prescribed Action 11 Description: Check
Capacity Problems
Trigger condition of prescribed action 11:
 If the problem persists after all the other causes are excluded, you can analyze
capacity problems by referring to the UMTS Network Planning and
Optimization: Processes + Principles + Tools + Deliverables.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and
Priority of Data
Traffic Measurement Parameter
Source Analysis
[Data analysis template] [Data analysis]
Analyze the relationship Provide the check result of parameter
between the RTWP and reasonableness.
subscriber quantity.
Parameters -> traffic
[Characteristics] [Characteristics]
measurement data:
When the number of online Reasonableness of RTWP-related feature
high priority
subscribers on top cells is parameters.
large, the TCP and RTWP are
high. [Tool]
NPMaster

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Uplink RF Channel Fault Detection
Deliverable

For handling of general RF channel problems and major problems

that require joint efforts of on-site and home engineers, complete
and symmetrical information must be provided.
A channel problem analysis report template must be provided for
prescribed actions to solve RF channel problems. All channel
problems must be analyzed based on the template. The template
provides a prescribed information platform for all personnel involved
in problem handling. In addition, the template regulates the
implementation of all prescribed actions so that all problems can be
ended in the shortest paths. ¡¾XXÏîÄ¿¡¿ÉäƵͨ
µÀ¹ÊÕÏ·ÖÎö±¨¸æÄ£°åV0.3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 51
 Overview of RF Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for

Uplink Channel Problems
Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables
of Analyzing Uplink Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for Downlink

Channel Problems

Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables

of Analyzing Downlink Channel Problems

Cases Related to Channel Problems

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 52

Downlink Channel Problem Handling
Type Fault Type Check Method

TRX hardware failure Power problems Alarm

Hardware failure Alarm

Standing wave ratio High standing wave Standing wave ratio alarm
problems ratio Standing wave ratio test
Power matching Low downlink Traffic measurement data comparison
problems coverage rate for cells before and after swap


A common problem on downlink channels is the high standing wave ratio.
Generally, the high standing wave ratio can be detected by the standing
wave check function of the NodeB or by the SiteMaster tool. In addition,
individual downlink channel hardware faults may occur. Generally, alarms
will be generated for downlink channel hardware faults.

When the standing wave ratio on downlink channels is high, certain
downlink transmit power may be lost, which may decrease the downlink
coverage capability. Therefore, the standing wave ratio of the antenna and
feeder system must comply with the specifications (typically < 1.5).

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 53

Downlink Channel Fault Checklist
Prescribed Action Entrance Condition Objective
Action 1: Check equipment Analyze related alarms to check and
No condition.
faults and alarms. rectify downlink channel faults.

Action 2: Check the The standing wave ratio does not Check the standing wave ratio problems
standing wave ratio. meet the specifications. to rectify downlink channel faults.

Action 3: Check the Check the low downlink coverage rate of

Sites are relocated to a new network.
downlink power matching. sites after swap.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 54

Checking TRX Hardware Failure
 Typical problems on downlink channels are related to the channel gain
and power output. The equipment provides corresponding check
mechanisms for the problems. You can identify the problems in time by
checking corresponding alarms.
 The following table lists the main alarms on downlink channels.

Alarm Name Related Problem

Check the ALM-26529 Alarm generated for the Standing wave ratio problems
standing wave ratio of the RF module.
ALM-26520 Alarm generated for abnormal transmit Power problems and hardware failure
channel gain on the RF module
ALM-26524 Alarm generated for power amplifier Hardware failure
overcurrent on the RF module
ALM-26527 Alarm generated for abnormal input Power problems and hardware failure
power on the RF module
ALM-26532 Alarm generated for RF module Hardware failure
hardware failure
ALM-28205 Alarm generated for lower threshold of Power problems and hardware failure
the output power in a cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 55

Standing wave ratio problems

The standing wave ratio is an index for measuring the quality of downlink
channels. When the standing wave ratio of the antenna and feeder
system degrades, the coverage of the corresponding cells may decrease,
which then affects the subscriber experience.

All the transmit channels of the RF module support standing wave ratio
check, which can periodically check the standing wave performance of
the transmit channels. When the standing wave ratio exceeds 2.0, the
function reports a standing wave alarm to the RF module.

The following table lists the main methods of checking the standing wave.
Check Method Check Mode Check Content
Standing wave ratio Remote Check the ALM-26529 Alarm generated for
alarm the standing wave ratio of the RF module.
Offline standing Remote Check the standing wave ratio problems and
wave test the specific information by means of the
remote accurate standing wave test.
SiteMaster test Local Identify standing wave fault points by using
the DTF test function.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 56

Downlink Power Matching Problems

 If the downlink transmit power configuration of a cell after swap

does not meet the actual coverage requirement, the downlink
coverage may be insufficient, and the subscriber quantity of the
cell after swap is different from that before swap. Consequently, a
downlink power matching problem occurs.

You can identify a downlink power matching problem by comparing the
subscriber quantities of a cell before and after swap.

If you suspect that a downlink power matching problem occurs on a cell,
you can adjust the power of the cell gradually and observe the effect.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 57

 Overview of RF Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for

Uplink Channel Problems
Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables
of Analyzing Uplink Channel Problems

Cause Analysis and Handling for Downlink

Channel Problems

Prescribed Analysis Actions and Deliverables

of Analyzing Downlink Channel Problems

Cases Related to Channel Problems

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 58

Downlink Channel Problem Analysis and
Summarization — Prescribed Action Checklist
Prescribed Data Source
Analysis Action Analysis Deliverable Ending
Action and Tool

Action 1: Check Data source:

equipment equipment 1) Obtain the channel-related alarm list from the M2000. Provide the alarm list Clear alarms based on
faults and alarm list 2) Locate the faults based on the alarm information. and check result. the alarm information.
alarms. Tool: M2000

In operation and maintenance scenarios:

1) Obtain the list of sites with standing wave ratio problems based on
the standing wave alarm information.
Solve the standing wave
2) Perform remote standing wave ratio test on the related channels
Data source: Provide the information problems at the fault
Action 2: Check of each site.
None list of channels with points to recover the
the standing 3) Use the SiteMaster tool on site to locate the fault points.
Tool: NodeB abnormal standing standing wave ratio of
wave ratio. In site deployment scenarios:
LMT wave ratios. the channels to the
4) Perform standing wave ratio test on the transmit channels of the
normal level.
deployed sites.
5) Use the SiteMaster tool to test channels with abnormal standing
wave ratios and locate the fault points.

In swap scenarios:
(1) Subscriber quantity
1) Obtain the traffic measurement data of a cell before and after Adjust the downlink
comparison list of cells
Action 3: Check Data source: swap. power for the cells
before and after swap
downlink power traffic 2) Compare the subscriber quantities of the cell before and after the whose subscribers
(2) Provide the check
matching measurement swap. If the subscribers obviously decrease after the swap, decrease to recover the
result for cells whose
problems. Tool: None downlink power matching problems may exist. subscriber quantity
subscribers obviously
3) Adjust the power of the cells whose subscribers obviously before the swap.
decrease.
decrease to recover the subscriber quantity before the swap.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 59

Prescribed Action 1 Description:
Check Alarms
Trigger condition of prescribed action 1:
 No condition. Check other problems after checking alarms.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and Priority
of Data Source Analysis Alarm
[Data analysis]
1. Collect alarm information about downlink channels.
Alarms: high priority 2. Analyze and check various alarms to determine the
subsequent check direction.
[Tool]
None

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 60

 Prescribed Action 2 Description:
Check the Standing Wave Ratio
Trigger condition of prescribed action 2:
 Perform this action for sites whose standing wave ratios do not
meet the specifications.

Data Source and Characteristics_Summary

Sequence and
Priority of Data
Offline Standing Wave
Source Alarm SiteMaster Test
Test
Analysis
Standing wave
alarm: high priority [Data analysis] [Data analysis] [Data analysis]
Offline standing Determine the modules
Identify standing wave ratio Use the DTF function of the
wave test: high with standing wave ratio
problems by using the SiteMaster tool to identify
priority problems based on the
standing wave ratio test fault points and rectify the
SiteMaster test: standing wave alarm
function of the NodeB. faults.
medium priority information.
[Tool] [Tool] [Tool]
NodeB LMT SiteMaster
None

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 61

Prescribed Action 3 Description: Check
Downlink Power Matching Problems
Trigger condition of prescribed action 3:
 After site swap, perform this action to check downlink power
matching problems.
Data Source and Characteristics_Summary
Sequence and
Priority of Data
Source Analysis Traffic Measurement

[Data analysis]
1. Compare the subscriber quantities of a cell before and after swap
based on the traffic measurement data.
Traffic 2. If the subscriber quantity of the cell after swap is smaller than 80% of
the subscriber quantity of the cell before swap, a downlink power
measurement: high
matching problem may occur.
priority 1. Increase the pilot power and total downlink transmit power of the cell
at the same time at the increment of 1 dB. Then, compare the
subscriber quantity changes.
[Tool]
None

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 62

Downlink RF Channel Fault
Detection Deliverable
 Deliverable:

After locating the problem, provide the faulty cells and sites, check results, and
check experience summary according to the example in the following attachment.

 Ending requirement:

Check results must be available for each faulty cell and site.

¡¾XXÏîÄ¿¡¿ÉäƵͨ
µÀ¹ÊÕÏ·ÖÎö±¨¸æÄ£°åV0.3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 63

 Overview of RF Channel Problems
Cause Analysis and Handling for Uplink
Channel Problems
Prescribed Actions and Deliverables of
Analyzing Uplink Channel Problems
Cause Analysis and Handling for
Downlink Channel Problems
Standard Analysis Actions and Deliverables
for Downlink Channel Problems

Cases Related to Channel Problems

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 64

 Uplink Channel Problem Analysis and
Summarization — Prescribed Action Checklist
Step Prescribed Action Entrance Condition Objective
Analyze whether the problem occurs after indexes change or always
exists, occurs on the entire network or on top cells, is a multi-carrier or
Action 1: Identify the characteristics single-carrier problem, occurs on indoor cells or macro cells, occurs in
No condition.
of an RTWP problem. cities or countryside, and occurs in busy hours or idle hours. Specify the
impact range of the problem and determine the general problem analysis
direction.
Step 1 Action 2: Analyze RNC/NodeB Analyze whether RTWP changes are caused by external operations such
Indexes change.
operation logs. as swap, upgrade, reset, or expansion.
Analyze whether the RTWP changes are caused by sudden external
Action 3: Check sudden factors. Indexes change.
events (such as traffic increase) and bad weather.
Action 4: Check equipment faults
No condition. Check whether hardware failure occurs.
and alarms.
If you can find out the root cause by
Action 5: Subdivide problem causes
analyzing the traffic measurement Analyze possible causes for the problem based on the traffic measurement
1: Analyze the RTWP traffic
RTWP, you may skip analysis of the data.
measurement data in detail.
main and diversity RTWP.
Step 2
If you can find out the root cause by
Action 6: Subdivide problem causes Analyze possible causes for the problem based on the main and diversity
analyzing the traffic measurement
2: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP symptoms.
RTWP, you may skip analysis of the
RTWP information in detail.
main and diversity RTWP.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 7: Check parameter settings. indicate that the problem may be a Check whether the parameter settings are correct.
configuration problem.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6 Check whether the antenna and feeder have engineering quality problems,
Action 8: Check the antenna and
indicate that the problem may be caused such as intermodulation interference, incorrect antenna and feeder
feeder quality.
by poor antenna and feeder quality. connection, cross-connection, or cable break.
Steps 3 The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 9: Check external
and 4 indicate that the problem may be caused Check whether external interference exists.
interference.
by external interference.
The analysis results of actions 5 and 6
Action 10: Check interference indicate that the problem may be caused
Check whether interference between neighboring cells exists.
between neighboring cells. by interference between neighboring
cells.
Check whether the problem is a capacity problem. See the capacity-
The RTWP problem persists after the
Action 11: Check capacity problems. related topic UMTS Network Planning and Optimization: Processes +
preceding actions are performed.
Principles + Tools + Deliverables.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 65

Case 1 A Site of Customer S Has High RTWP
 Overview
After a customer in country S deploys the UMTS900, the RTWP of certain cells is high.

 Problem Analysis Procedure

Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The RTWP of a cell is high. The 3G traffic measurement data shows
that the RTWP is always high and there is no external trigger operation. The problem analysis range is single cells. The UMTS900
frequency band of the site has only one frequency. Therefore, the problem is a single-carrier problem and the cell is a macro cell.
Action 2: Analyze the RNC or NodeB operation logs: The problem is not caused by index changes; therefore, no operation needs
to be performed.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: The problem is not caused by index changes; therefore, no operation needs to be performed.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: The alarm check result shows that no related alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement data in detail: The 3G traffic measurement data shows that the RTWP noise
floor suddenly decreased to the normal value from 22:00 on June 21 to 08:00 on June 22. The noise floor value ever became normal,
which indicates that the configurations are correct (to be checked in action 7). The RTWP is always high in other time and the RTWP
trends are unrelated to service behaviors. Therefore, it is suspected that the problem is caused by external interference. Obtain and
compare the trend of the 2G interference band of the same RF module in the same sector with the 3G interference band. It is found
that the trends are the same, which further indicates that the problem may be caused by external interference. Then, check external
interference.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: The main and diversity RTWP is high and unrelated to intermodulation.
This also indicates that the problem is caused by external interference.
Action 7: Check parameter settings: The analysis result of action 5 indicates that the configurations are correct preliminarily. Check
the parameter settings again. The check result shows that the configurations are correct.

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Case 1 A Site of Customer S Has High RTWP
Action 8: Check the antenna and feeder quality: The antenna and feeder quality does not need to be
checked based on the entrance condition.
Action 9: Check external interference: The analysis result of action 5 indicates that the problem may be
caused by external interference. Now, check external interference. The NodeB version is R12, which does not support the FFT
scanning function. Therefore, use the GSM frequency scanning result in the same sector to identify whether external
interference exists. The GSM frequency scanning result shows that interference signals exist within the frequency band of the
UMTS900.
Action 10: Check interference between neighboring cells. The interference between neighboring cells
does not need to be checked based on the entrance condition.
Action 11: Check capacity problems: Capacity problems do not need to be checked based on the entrance
condition.

Prescribed Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Action Conclusion
Identify whether the problem is caused Ask the customer to The customer
Check external by in-band interference or broadband External broadband identify and eliminate confirms that
interference. interference based on the GSM interference exists. the external interference
frequency scanning result. interference. exists.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 67

 Case 1 A Site of Customer S Has High RTWP
Ending result provided by frontline personnel:
The first frequency scanning result provided by the
spectrum analyzer does not show obvious
interference.
Analysis: Frontline personnel set the attenuation
to 35 dB. In this case, many interference signals
are attenuated. Therefore, the interference signals
cannot be observed on the spectrum analyzer.
Therefore, the frontline personnel are asked to set
the attenuation to a smaller value and scan
frequencies again. The following figure shows the
frequency scanning result when the attenuation is
normal. The frequency scanning result is
consistent with the 2G frequency scanning result.
Therefore, the problem is definitely caused by
external interference.
Stop frequency
Start frequency

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 68

 Case 2 The RTWP of Country U Changes Abruptly
After the NodeB Configurations Are Changed
 Overview
After country U expands multi-carriers, the RTWP changes abruptly.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The traffic measurement data shows that the sudden
RTWP change occurs on the cells after expansion based on the feedback of frontline personnel. It is suspected that the
problem is related to expansion. The RTWP changes in the cells with abnormal RTWP are different. The analysis result
shows that the RTWP problems occurring on all the cells are multi-carrier problems.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: Analyze the specific RTWP change time based on the NodeB
operation logs. The traffic measurement data shows that the noise floor values of the cells increased from December 12.
The NodeB operation logs show that the NodeB was reset at that time. Therefore, the problem may be caused by the
reset. In addition, the noise floor value of cell 1486 suddenly decreased on December 18 and the noise floor value of cell
1487 suddenly increased at the same time. The operation logs show that the sector modification was performed at that
time (see the following figure).
Action 3: Check sudden factors: No external outburst traffic or bad weather is found.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: The alarm check result shows that no related alarm is generated.

The cell is added

again.
After the RRU is deleted and
added, the channel attenuation
is not reset. After the channel
attenuation is reset,
the problem is solved.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 69
Case 2 The RTWP of Country U Changes Abruptly
After the NodeB Configurations Are Changed
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement RTWP in detail: (1)In cell 11491, the noise floor value increased suddenly, and the
NodeB was reset at that time. It is suspected that the problem is caused by incorrect configurations. The analysis result shows
that the problem is a multi-carrier problem and that the noise floor increases are the same for the multiple carriers. These further
indicate that the problem may be caused by incorrect configurations. (2) The noise floor value of cell 1486 decreased suddenly
and the noise floor of cell 1487 increased at the same time. In addition, the sector modification was performed at that time. In this
case, configurations must be checked to find out the relationship between external operations and RTWP changes.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: Skip the analysis of the main and diversity RTWP because the
possible causes are found out based on the traffic measurement data.

The noise floor minRTWP

The noise floor of cell 1486
increased suddenly.
decreased and the noise
floor of cell 1487 increased.

Action 7: Check parameter settings: Check the configurations based on the networking diagram because it is suspected that
the problem is caused by incorrect configurations. On December 12, the RRU was removed from cell 11491, but the channel
attenuation was not reset, which caused the RTWP to increase suddenly. On December 18, the sector configurations of cell
1486 and cell 1487 were interchanged. Therefore, the noise floor values of the two cells were also interchanged. After the
sector configurations were modified, the problem was solved. Subsequent actions are not performed.
Parameter Configured Value Configured Value After Ending Result
Before Reset Reset

RF channel attenuation value 8 0 The noise floor increase of cell 11491 is caused by incorrect configurations. The
problem is solved after the configurations are modified.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 70

Case 3 After Swap of a Customer, Check
RTWP Problems on the Entire Network
 Overview
To ensure the site quality after swap, a customer implements RTWP index health check on the entire network to remove
obvious channel problems during swap.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of an RTWP problem. No trigger condition is involved because the RTWP problem
is checked in health check. The problem is analyzed on the entire network.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by
index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: The alarm check result shows that no related alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze RTWP traffic measurement data in detail: Implement health check. If you can identify an RTWP
problem by analyzing the main and diversity RTWP, you can skip analysis of traffic measurement data. If you can
identify an RTWP problem by analyzing the traffic measurement data, you can skip analysis of the main and
diversity RTWP; otherwise, you must analyze the main and diversity RTWP.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: Nearly all channel problems can be identified based on the
main and diversity RTWP; therefore, the customer enables the main and diversity RTWP log function on the entire network.
In this way, the main and diversity RTWP log analysis tool automatically generates analysis results. You can identify and
analyze the RTWP problem on all cells by using the main and diversity RTWP diagrams. It is recommended that you
analyze the main and diversity RTWP at first and analyze traffic measurement data if you cannot locate all RTWP problems
by analyzing the main and diversity RTWP. The following describes four sub cases.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 71

Case 3-1 Inconsistent TMA Attenuation Configurations on
the GSM and UMTS Causes Large Difference Between the
Main and Diversity RTWP
 Overview
The analysis result shows that the difference between the main and diversity RTWP is 10 dB.

 Problem Analysis Procedure

Action 1: Identify the characteristics of an RTWP problem. This action is not required in health check.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by
index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors. This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The fault scenario can be identified based on the main and
diversity RTWP; therefore, the traffic measurement data does not need to be analyzed.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: Analyze the RTWP log files of the site by using the RTWP log
analysis tool. The analysis result shows that the main and diversity RTWP on the two carriers of the same RFU fluctuates
consistently with a fixed difference. The difference is greater than 8 dB. The RTWP data diagram also shows the problem.
It is suspected that the RF channel configurations are incorrect.

File Name RRU Frame. Sec No. UL Frequency Cell ID InterCross_CheckResult >= 8 dB
D:\
606088_Hil
ton_201111 This RRU/RFU Master and Diversity
11 4-8:4-9 5 4162 28008 are consistent. 99.90%
D:\
606088_Hil
ton_201111 This RRU/RFU Master and Diversity
11 4-8:4-9 5 4138 27864 are consistent. 99.94%

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 72

 Case 3-1 Inconsistent TMA Attenuation Configurations on
the GSM and UMTS Causes Large Difference Between the
Main and Diversity RTWP

The main and diversity

RTWP of two cells on
the same RF module has
a fixed difference.

Action 7: Check parameter settings: Check the configurations based on the networking diagram in priority because it
is suspected that the problem is caused by incorrect configurations.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Ending Action
Conclusion
(1) The GSM and UMTS systems are configured on
site. The GSM and UMTS use separate modules. The The problem occurs Check whether
Action 7: Check GSM and UMTS work in the main and diversity mode. because no TMA the problem is
parameter (2) The site is configured with TMAs. The GSM is attenuation factor is solved after
settings. configured with a TMA and an attenuation factor; the configured on the modifying the
UMTS is configured with a TMA, but is not configured UMTS. configurations. TMA
with an attenuation factor.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: The main RTWP and the difference
between the main and diversity RTWP become normal after the TMA attenuation factor
on the UMTS is modified.
Subsequent actions are not performed. GSM UMTS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 73
Case 3-2 The Diversity RTWP Is Always Low Without
Fluctuation Because the RF Interconnection Mode Is Disabled
 Overview
A customer finds that the diversity RTWP of a cell is always -108 dBm.

 Problem Analysis Procedure

Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem. This action is not required in health check.

Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not
caused by index changes.

Action 3: Check sudden factors. This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.

Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.

Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The

fault scenario can be identified based on the main and diversity
RTWP; therefore, the traffic measurement data does not need to be
analyzed.

Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: The

traced RTWP data shows that the main RTWP fluctuates normally
but the diversity RTWP is always around -108 dBm. The problem
may be caused by incorrect configurations or antenna and feeder
connection failure.

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 Case 3-2 The Diversity RTWP Is Always Low Without Fluctuation
Because the RF Interconnection Mode Is Disabled
Action 7: Check parameter settings: Check the configurations based on the networking diagram in priority because it is suspected
that the problem is caused by incorrect configurations.

Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Conclusion Ending Action Effect
The GSM and UMTS systems are
Check whether the
Action 7: Check configured on site. The GSM and UMTS The problem occurs
problem is solved
parameter use separate modules. The two modules because the interconnection
after modifying the
settings. are interconnected, but the mode is not configured.
configurations.
interconnection mode is not configured.
Ending result provided by frontline personnel: The diversity RTWP becomes normal after the RF interconnection mode is set to TRUE.
Subsequent actions are not performed.
Parameter Query Result Check Point or Recommended Value

RF channel 0 Set the parameter based on the TMA installation and

attenuation value feeder connection information. Generally, this parameter
needs to be set for both main and diversity RF channels.
In the GSM-UMTS
interconnection scenario, the RTWP Initial 0 This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not,
interconnection mode must be RTWP value you must check the reason.
enabled. RF desensitization 0 This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not,
intensity you must check the reason.

Cell desensitization 0 This parameter is typically set to 0. If the value is not,

intensity you must check the reason.

Query result Interconnection FALSE The actual networking is in the interconnection mode,
mode but the configuration is incorrect.
of parameter
settings Cell mode ANT 2 Set this parameter differently in single-antenna, dual-
antenna, and distributed scenarios.
GSM UMTS
Current status on Power supply If the power supply of the TMA is the BBU, the power
the antenna port off supply is on and has current. If the power supply of TMA
is an external power supply, the power supply is off.

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Case 3-3 High RTWP Caused by Intermodulation
Interference Between Different Systems
 Overview
The main and diversity RTWP trends of a cell are different.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem. This action is not required in health check.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not
caused by index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index
changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The fault scenario can be identified based on the
main and diversity RTWP; therefore, the traffic measurement data does not need to be analyzed.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail based on the traffic
measurement data: The main and diversity RTWP data shows that the diversity
signal (sent from the main channel of the GSM) increase is greater than the main In the GSM-UMTS
signal increase and that the main and diversity RTWP increases are unrelated. The interconnection
scenario, the
main and diversity difference in busy hours is large, and is nearly zero in idle hours.
diversity signals of
It is suspected that the problem is caused by poor antenna and feeder quality. the UMTS are from
The analysis result also shows that no neighboring cell with similar RTWP trends the main signals of
the GSM.
exists. Therefore, the problem may be caused by intermodulation interference.
Based on the networking diagram, the diversity signals of the UMTS are from the
main signals of the GSM. In this case, the GSM intermodulation may affect the
GSM UMTS
UMTS.

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Case 3-3 High RTWP Caused by Intermodulation
Interference Between Different Systems

The RTWP data

analysis result
shows that the
diversity RTWP
obviously
increases.

Action 8: Check the antenna and feeder quality.

Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
Check whether
When the GSM does not send the problem is
dummy burst and the transmit The problem is caused solved after
Action 8: Check the
power is low, the RTWP is normal. by the intermodulation checking the
antenna and feeder
When the GSM sends dummy interference between the antenna and
engineering quality.
burst for test, the RTWP on the two systems. feeder system
UMTS obviously increases. connections on
site.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: After the antenna and feeder system connections are
checked, the RTWP becomes normal. Subsequent actions are not performed.

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Case 3-4 Cell Cross-Connection
Causes Abnormal RTWP
 Overview:
The main and diversity RTWP trends of a cell are different.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem. This action is not required in
health check.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the
problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused
by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The fault scenario can be identified
based on the main and diversity RTWP; therefore, the traffic measurement data does not need to
be analyzed.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: The comparison between the main
and diversity RTWP of the cell shows that the main and diversity RTWP has an obvious difference
that is unrelated. It is suspected that the problem is caused by poor antenna and feeder quality.
The main RTWP trend of a neighboring cell is the same as the diversity RTWP trend of the cell,
and the diversity RTWP trend of the neighboring cell is the same as the main RTWP trend of the
cell. This indicates that the problem may be caused by cross-connection.

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 Case 3-4 Cell Cross-Connection
Causes Abnormal RTWP

Action 8: Check the antenna and feeder quality: It is suspected that the antenna and feeder have
engineering quality problems. Check whether cross-connection or intermodulation exists.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Conclusion Ending Action

(1) Collect the RTWP logs of all sites, analyze

the logs by using the RTWP analysis tool,
The RTWP data diagrams of the two
Action 8: Check the and output the analysis result. The analysis Check the antenna and feeder quality
cells show that the two cells are cross-
antenna and feeder result shows that the cells are cross- problems on site based on the analysis
connected in the main and diversity
quality. connected. result.
data.
(2) Perform intermodulation test. The test result
shows that no intermodulation exists.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: After the frontline personnel solve the antenna
and feeder problem on site, the main and diversity RTWP fluctuations of the cell become
consistent. Subsequent actions are not performed.

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Case 4 Intermodulation Interference
Causes

High RTWP
Overview
According to the feedback of a customer, the RTWP of a cell is high in busy hours.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The problem analysis range is a single cell; the RTWP traffic
measurement data shows that the RTWP is high in busy hours and normal in idle hours; the problem always exists and there is
no external trigger operation; the problem is a multi-carrier problem occurring on an indoor site.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index
changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The noise floor of the cell is normal (-106 dBm), which indicates
that the configurations are correct (action 7 does not need to be performed). The RTWP varies with the subscriber quantity:
the RTWP is high in busy hours and normal in idle hours; the subscriber quantity is small in busy hours, but the RTWP
increase is large. Because the site is a multi-carrier and indoor system scenario (action 6 does not need to be performed),
the most possible cause is intermodulation interference. Other possible causes include external interference or interference
between neighboring cells. Locate the problem based on the possible causes in the sequence "from easy to difficult".

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Case 4 Intermodulation Interference
Causes High RTWP
Action 8: Check the antenna and feeder quality: The most possible cause is intermodulation
interference; therefore, check the intermodulation interference at first.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
Check whether the problem is
Action 8: Check the Check whether intermodulation
Intermodulation solved after checking the antenna
antenna and feeder exists by testing the 3G and
interference exists. and feeder system connections on
quality. downlink simulated load.
site.
The result of the downlink simulated load test shows that the cell is faced with intermodulation
interference.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: The problem is solved after the frontline personnel
check the antenna and feeder connections on site. Subsequent actions are not performed.

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Case 5 A Distributed Cell Has High Noise
Floor
 Overview
According to the feedback of a customer, the noise floor of a distributed cell is high.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The problem analysis range is a single cell. The RTWP
traffic measurement data shows that the noise floor of the cell is always high and there is no trigger operation. The
problem is a single-carrier problem. The cell is an indoor cell.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by
index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the traffic measurement data in detail: The traffic measurement data shows that the RTWP noise
floor of the cell is -100 dBm. The possible causes include incorrect configurations, intermodulation interference, and
continuous external interference. Because the site is an indoor site (action 6 does not need to be performed), the
symptom may be normal if the cell is a distributed cell.

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Case 5 A Distributed Cell Has High Noise Floor
Action 7: Check parameter settings: Check the configurations based on the networking diagram in
priority because it is suspected that the problem is caused by incorrect configurations.

Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Ending Action
Conclusion
Check the configurations of the
NodeB. It is found that the cell is a
The noise floor increase is
Check the parameter distributed sector. The number N of
caused by the distributed None
settings. RRUs in the sector is 3; therefore, the
sector.
noise floor increase is 4.7 dB
(△RTWP = 10log(N)dB).

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: The noise floor increase is caused by the distributed
cell. Subsequent actions are not performed.
Parameter Check Result Impact Range Check Point or Recommended Value

Cell mode Distributed cell RF channel A distributed cell causes a fixed noise floor increase.

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Case 6 Multiple Sites Report the Alarm
for Excessively Low RTWP
 Overview
According to the feedback of a customer, multiple sites report alarms for excessively low RTWP after deployment.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The problem analysis range is multiple sites during
deployment; the problem is a multi-carrier problem; the sites with the problem are macro sites and the site
distribution does not show a geographical relationship; the problem is unrelated to busy or idle hours.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not
caused by index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: The alarm for the excessively low RTWP is reported.

Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement data in detail: The

traffic measurement data shows that the value of MinRTWP of the cells
with the problem is -121.1 dBm. This indicates that the RTWP is really too
low and that the alarm is not a false alarm.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: According to
the traced data, the main RTWP of the cells is normal (about -106 dBm),
the diversity RTWP is lower than -114 dBm, and the main or diversity
RTWP has no fluctuation. This also indicates that the alarm is not a false
alarm. Possible causes for the problem include incorrect configurations
(cross-connection mode) and hardware failure of the RF module.

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Case 6 Multiple Sites Report the Alarm for
Excessively Low RTWP
Action 7: Check parameter settings: Check the configurations based on the networking
diagram in priority because it is suspected that the problem is caused by incorrect
configurations.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
The on-site networking is a common The problem occurs because
Check whether the problem is
Action 7: Check parameter networking, instead of an interconnection the interconnection mode is
solved after modifying the sector
settings. networking. However, the interconnection configured for a non-
configurations.
mode is configured. interconnection networking.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: Frontline personnel find that the problem is caused by an incorrect
configuration management express (CME) template. This customer has interconnected sites. When new sites are deployed,
the template for interconnected sites is used by mistake. Consequently, the problem occurs on a batch of sites.
Subsequent actions are not performed.
Parameter Query Result Analysis Conclusion

RF channel 0 There is no TMA and the

attenuation configurations are correct.
value

RTWP Initial 0 There is no TMA and the

RTWP value configurations are correct.

RF 0 There is no TMA and the

desensitizatio configurations are correct.
n intensity

Cell 0 There is no TMA and the

desensitizatio configurations are correct.
n intensity

Interconnectio TRUE The interconnection mode is

n mode configured for a non-interconnection
networking.

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Case 7 Multiple Sites of Country B Have
High RTWP
 Overview
A customer complains that multiple sites of an RNC have RTWP peak. Except that a site is added to the RNC,
other configurations of the RNC are not modified.

 Problem Analysis Procedure

Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: According to the 3G traffic measurement data, the RTWP
trends of multiple sites are the same; the problem always exists and there is no external trigger operation; the problem
occurs on top cells; the RTWP is high intermittently and the problem is unrelated to busy or idle hours.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by
index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms. No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement in detail: The 3G traffic measurement data shows that the values of
MeanRTWP and MinRTWP are normal. The noise floor is normal, which indicates that the configurations are correct
(action 7 does not need to be performed).
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: According to the real-time traced RTWP data of the cells, the
RTWP always keeps the peak value in busy and idle hours. It is suspected that the problem is caused by external
interference. The RTWP values of multiple cells reach the peak values almost at the same time and increase periodically.
Trace the RTWP data of multiple NodeBs, the RTWP of the NodeBs increases at the same time. This further indicates
that the problem is caused by external interference.

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 Case 7 Multiple Sites of Country B Have
High RTWP
Real- Two neighboring cells have
time the same interference
RTWP characteristics.
data

Action 8: Check the antenna and feeder quality: According to the analysis
results of actions 5 and 6, this action does not need to be performed.
Action 9: Check external interference: Check interference because it is
suspected that the problem is caused by external interference.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
Check external
interference or
The 3G FFT frequency scanning
Check external External interference ask the customer
result shows that external
interference. exists. to confirm the
interference exists.
external
interference.

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Case 7 Multiple Sites of Country B Have
High RTWP
Ending result provided by frontline personnel: The on-site scanning result
provided by the spectrum analyzer shows obvious external interference. The interference
signals are 5 MHz broadband signals whose central frequency is 1960 MHz. Subsequent
actions are not performed.

The green part in the left figure stands for -80 to -90 dBm external interference; the right
figure shows a 5 MHz broadband interference whose central frequency is M3 (1960 MHz).

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Case 8 Single Cells of Country S
Have High RTWP in Busy Hours
 Overview
According to the feedback of operator M in country S, certain cells have high RTWP in busy hours. The initial
analysis result shows that the RTWP of a cell cannot be explained.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The traffic measurement data shows that the
MeanRTWP of a single cell is high in busy hours. The problem always exists and there is no external trigger
operation. The problem analysis range is a single cell; the problem is a single-carrier problem.
Action 2: Check the RNC or NodeB operation logs: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused
by index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement data in detail: The traffic measurement data shows that the
noise floor of the cell is normal (about -107 dBm), which indicates that the configurations are correct (action 7 does
not need to be performed). The RTWP varies with the subscriber quantity. The MeanRTWP value is high in busy
hours (increases by 15 dB for every 10 subscribers). Possible causes include intermodulation interference, external
interference, interference between neighboring cells, and traffic capacity problems.

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Case 8 Single Cells of Country S Have High RTWP
in Busy Hours
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: The main and diversity RTWP has the same trends, which indicates that the no
obvious engineering quality problem exists. The main and diversity RTWP is high in busy hours, but does not follow a certain rule, which
indicates that there is no obvious external interference. However, engineering quality problems and external interference cannot be absolutely
excluded.

The simulated load test

shows that the RTWP
does not increase with
the increase of the
power. This indicates
that there is no
intermodulation
interference.

Actions 8 to 11: The following table shows the results of the prescribed actions.
Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Symptom Data Analysis Conclusion Ending Action Effect
(1) Collect the RTWP logs of the sites and analyze the logs
There is no incorrect
Action 8: Check the by using the RTWP log analysis tool. The analysis result The intermodulation test
antenna and feeder
antenna and feeder shows that no cross-connection or intermodulation exists. result on UMTS cells shows
connection. Provide
quality. (2) Perform simulated downlink load test on the UMTS. The that no intermodulation exists.
summary and cases.
test result further indicates that no intermodulation exists.
There is no external
Action 9: Check external The frequency scanning result does not show obvious No external interference is
interference. Provide
interference. external interference. found.
summary and cases.
In a scenario where the subscriber quantity is small but the
1. All neighboring cells are
RTWP increase is large:
correctly configured.
1. The check result shows that all neighboring cells are 1. Adjust and optimize
Action 10: Check 2. When neighboring cells are
correctly configured. neighboring cells.
interference between blocked, the RTWP
2. The traffic measurement data of neighboring cells shows 2. Provide summary
neighboring cells. decreases. This indicates that
that the RTWP is high when the subscriber quantities of the and cases.
interference between
neighboring cells are large. This is similar to the RTWP
neighboring cells exists.
trend of the local cell.
Action 11: Check See the UMTS Network Planning and Optimization:
capacity problems. Processes + Principles + Tools + Deliverables.

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Case 8 Single Cells of Country S Have
High RTWP in Busy Hours
Check result of interference between neighboring cells: All neighboring cells are configured. The analysis result shows
the relationship between the traffic and RTWP of neighboring cell 21961: the traffic of neighboring cell 21961 is heavy; the
number of subscribers is 60 in busy hours and the RTWP increase reaches over 20 dB. The analysis result also shows that
the RTWP fluctuation shape of cell 21961 is the same as that of cell 21873, so does the traffic behavior. Therefore, the cell
with heavy traffic may cause interference on neighboring cells.

Ending result provided by frontline personnel: Frontline personnel deactivate cell 21961. Then, the RTWP of cell
21873 decreases by 5 dB. This indicates that cell 21961 causes interference on cell 21873. The service capacity
problems need to be checked in the service capacity-related topic. The tasks in the channel topic are complete.

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Case 9 Multiple Sites of a Customer
Have High RTWP
 Overview
According to the feedback of operator M in country C, many sites have high RTWP.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The traffic measurement data shows that the
RTWP problem always exists and there is no external trigger operation. The problem occurs on top cells. Many
cells are involved; the problem is a multi-carrier problem; the site distribution has an obvious geographical
characteristic (In the right figure, the red color shows the sites with high RTWP).
Action 2: Check operation logs: This action is not involved
because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved
because the problem is not caused by index changes.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is
generated.
Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement data in
detail: The traffic measurement data shows that the RTWP noise
floor is always high (-57 dB) and is unrelated to service behaviors.
Generally, configuration problems do not cause large noise floor
increase
(action 7 does not need to be performed).
It is suspected that the problem is caused by external
interference. The geographical distribution of the cells further
implies that the problem is caused by regional interference.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in
detail: The main and diversity RTWP is always high (-
55 dB) and has the same trends. Therefore, the most
possible cause is external interference.

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 Case 9 Multiple Sites of a Customer
Have High RTWP
Action 9: Check external interference: The analysis results of actions 5 and 6 show that the problem
may be caused by external interference; therefore, check interference in priority (actions 7 and 8 are
skipped). The following figure shows the scanning result of the spectrum analyzer, showing that
broadband interference exists.

Interference whose
bandwidth is about 30 MHz
and central frequency is
1952.6 MHz.

Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
The scanning result provided by External Ask the customer to The customer confirms that
Check external the spectrum analyzer shows that broadband identify and eliminate the interference is from the
interference. broadband external interference interference the external microwave transmission of a
exists. exists. interference. police system.

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Case 10 Many Sites of a Customer Have High
RTWP After GSM/UMTS Refarming
 Overview
According to the feedback of operator M in country C, many sites have high RTWP after refarming.
 Problem Analysis Procedure
Action 1: Identify the characteristics of the RTWP problem: The traffic measurement data shows that the RTWP
problem occurs after refarming. The problem occurs on top cells. Many cells are involved; the problem is a UMTS900
single-carrier problem; the site distribution has an obvious geographical characteristic (In the right figure, the red sites
are GSM-only sites, used as the GSM/UMTS isolation belt; the light green sites within the inner circle are GSM/UMTS
sites; the blue sites outside the outer circle are GSM-only sites). The UMTS sites near the outer circle of the isolation
belt have high RTWP. The sites are distributed in countryside.
Action 2: Check operation logs: This problem occurs in a refarming
scenario and this action is not involved.
Action 3: Check sudden factors: This action is not involved.
Action 4: Check equipment faults and alarms: No alarm is generated.
Action 5: Analyze the RTWP traffic measurement data in detail: The
traffic measurement data shows that the MinRTWP value is normal, which
indicates that the configurations are correct
(action 7 does not need to be performed). However, the MeanRTWP
value is high (-90 dB). Based on the characteristics of refarming sites and
geographical distribution of the cells with the problem (near the isolation
belt), it is suspected that the UMTS is interfered with GSM signals.
Action 6: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP in detail: The possible
cause is basically specified based on the traffic measurement data and
geographical distribution. This action can be skipped.

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 Case 10 Many Sites of a Customer Have
High RTWP After GSM/UMTS Refarming
Action 9: Check external interference: The analysis result of action 5 shows that the problem may
be caused by external interference; therefore, check the interference in priority. Use the GSM
frequency scanning function to scan interference.

A frequency is
faced with
interference and
the frequency is
where the GSM is
located.

Prescribed Action Data Analysis and Data Analysis Ending Action Effect
Symptom Conclusion
The GSM frequency scanning Optimize the network and
result shows that a frequency is The UMTS is solve the RTWP problem
Check external
faced with external interference. faced with GSM by reducing the down tilt
interference.
The frequency is a GSM interference. of the UMTS900 antenna
frequency. and feeder system.

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Case 11 Metal Obstacle Before the Antenna
Causes a Standing Wave Alarm
 Problem Description:
A standing wave alarm is reported for a sector
of a customer.
 Problem Cause:
There is a window with iron mesh 30 cm far
away from the dead ahead of the antenna,
which causes a high standing wave ratio.
 Problem Locating Procedure:
Step 1: Use the standing wave ratio test
function of the NodeB. The test result shows
that the standing wave ratio reaches 1.9, which
exceeds the specification.
Step 2: Use the DTF function of the SiteMaster
tool. The test result shows that the fault point is
out of the antenna. Iron mesh is found dead
ahead of the antenna (see the right upper
figure). The distance is only about 30 cm.
Step 3: Adjust the antenna azimuth and test the
standing wave ratio to verify whether the
problem is caused by the iron mesh. The result
shows that the high standing wave ratio is
caused by the iron mesh (see the right figure).

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 GSM Auxiliary Locating Method in
GSM/UMTS Co-antenna Scenarios

Efficiency Evaluation on Prescribed

Actions for Channel Problems

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GSM Auxiliary Locating Method: Scanning
Uplink Frequencies of the GSM
 If frequency scanning does not apply to UMTS sites in GSM/UMTS co-antenna
scenarios, the uplink frequency scanning function of the GSM can be used for auxiliary
analysis.
 Method description
1. Enable uplink frequency scanning for GSM cells that share the same antenna and
feeder system with UMTS cells by "configuring frequency scanning" or with SET
GCELLFREQSCAN of the WEBLMT. Select all frequencies of the P-GSM and E-
GSM.
2. Use the function of "querying frequency scanning" of the corresponding cells on
the WEBLMT to query the uplink frequency scanning result.
3. Sort the uplink frequency scanning result by the main and diversity and frequency
and generate a spectrum diagram.
4. The generated spectrum diagram can be used as the frequency scanning result
for locating interference problems.

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GSM Auxiliary Locating Method: Checking the
Antenna and Feeder Intermodulation Between
Different Systems
Intermodulation Generation Cause:
Generally, system intermodulation occurs in GSM/UMTS or GSM/LTE SDR mode, or in scenarios where the GSM/UMTS
or GSM/LTE share the same antenna and feeder system by using a combiner. When intermodulation occurs, the
intermodulation product of the GSM falls in the uplink receive band of the UMTS or LTE, which causes interference.
Alternatively, the intermodulation product of the UMTS or LTE falls in the uplink receive band of the GSM, which causes
interference.
Simple Method for Identify Intermodulation:
 GSM intermodulation interference on other systems: Send dummy burst from the GSM and monitor the RTWP on the
UMTS or LTE. Check whether the RTWP increase on the UMTS or LTE before and after sending dummy burst from the
GSM is too high. If yes, it indicates that the GSM generates intermodulation interference on other systems.
 UMTS or LTE intermodulation interference on other systems: Perform a simulated downlink load test on the UMTS or LTE
and monitor the RTWP (UMTS and LTE)/the ratios of interference bands 3 to 5 (GSM) on other systems. Check whether
the RTWP (UMTS and LTE) increase is too high and whether the ratios of the interference bands 3 to 5 change a lot
before and after the test. If yes, it indicates that the UMTS or LTE generates intermodulation interference on other
systems.
Intermodulation System intermodulation after multiple systems
between systems and multiple frequency bands are combined
sharing the same RF
module in the 900
MHz frequency band IM2
Triple-band
Combiners
G/U/L
G/U LTE G/L
900
900 800 1800

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 GSM Auxiliary Locating Method in
GSM/UMTS Co-antenna Scenarios

Efficiency Evaluation on Prescribed

Actions for Channel Problems

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Efficiency Evaluation on Prescribed
Actions for Channel Problems
Prescribed Action Tool Tool Processing Time Manual Analysis Time
Action 1: Identify the characteristics
None None Traffic measurement: 2 min/cell
of an RTWP problem.
Action 2: Analyze RNC/NodeB
FMA None 5 min/site
operation logs.
None The bottleneck lies in information acquisition. The
Action 3: Check sudden factors. None
analysis takes 10 minutes.
OMStar and alarm
Action 4: Check equipment faults and
maintenance 5min/RNC 30~60min/RNC
alarms.
console
Action 5: Subdivide problem causes
1: Analyze the RTWP traffic None None Traffic measurement: 2 min/cell
measurement data in detail.
Action 6: Subdivide problem causes Main and diversity The main and diversity RTWP tool outputs diagrams:
2: Analyze the main and diversity RTWP log 5s/site 5s/site
RTWP information in detail. analysis tool Manual analysis: 30s/site
Configuration
Action 7: Check parameter settings. parameter check 30 min/RNC 10s/cell
tool
Main and diversity The main and diversity RTWP tool outputs diagrams:
Action 8: Check the antenna and
RTWP log 5s/site 5s/site
feeder quality.
analysis tool Manual analysis: 30s/site

Action 9: Check external interference. None None FFT data collection and playback: 10 min/cell

Action 10: Check interference Confirmation of missing neighboring cells or top cells:
Nastar 250 kHz
between neighboring cells. 1-3 min/cell

See the capacity-related topic UMTS Network Planning and Optimization: Processes + Principles + Tools +
Action 11: Check capacity problems.
Deliverables.

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Deliverable Summary
Deliverable Description
UMTS RF Channel Fault Detection and Outline, describing methods of
Rectification: Impact Factors + analyzing RF channel problems and
Troubleshooting Methods and Tools + providing cases
Deliverables 20120808

UMTS RF Channel Troubleshooting Detailed analysis and operation

Guide guide

[Project xxx] RF Channel Fault Analysis Frontline problem check and analysis
Report Template V1.0 output template

Main and Diversity RTWP Log Analysis Helping analyze main and diversity
Tool RTWP problem symptoms

Configuration Parameter Check Tool Helping analyze parameter setting

problems

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Thank You
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