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11 views20 pages

Hussain

Hussain ppt

Uploaded by

ahmadvirk605
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Presented to

Engr. Mahboob Elahi


Presented by
Hussain Ahmad
B.Sc. Civil Engineering (2nd Year)

Construction &Graphics

Cube &Cylinder test for Concrete


Introduction
The properties of concrete are a function of time and
ambient humidity, thus tests on concrete have to
be performed under specified or known conditions.

The most common of all test on hardened concrete


is the compressive strength test, partly because it is
an easy test to make, and partly because most of
the desirable characteristics of concrete are
qualitatively related to its strength.
COMPRESSION TEST
The main types of compression test specimens used
are : cubes and cylinder.

Cubes are used in Great British, Germany,


and many other countries in Europe.
Cylinders are the standard specimens in the United
States, France, Canada, and New Zealand.
Generally, the specimens are cast in steel or
cast-iron mould.

For cube test two types of specimens either


cubes of 15 cm X 15 cm X 15 cm or 10cm X
10 cm x 10 cm depending upon the size of
aggregate are used.
This concrete is poured in the mould and
tempered properly so as not to have any
voids.
After 24 hours moulds are removed and test
specimens are put in water for curing. The
top surface of these specimen should be
made even and smooth.
These specimens are tested by compression
testing machine after 7 days curing or 28 days
curing. Load should be applied gradually at
the rate of 140 kg/cm2 per minute till the
Specimens fails.
Compressive strength of concrete=Load
at the failure/Area of specimen
Procedure for Compressive strength test of
Concrete Cubes
Apparatus
Compression testing machine
MIXING
Mix the concrete either by hand or in a laboratory
batch mixer
HAND MIXING

(i)Mix the cement and fine aggregate on a water tight


none-absorbent platform until the mixture is thoroughly
blended and is of uniform color.
(ii)Add the coarse aggregate and mix with
cement and fine aggregate until the coarse
aggregate is uniformly distributed throughout
the batch
(iii)Add water and mix it until the concrete
appears to be homogeneous and of the desired
consistency
SAMPLING
(i) Clean the mounds and apply oil
(ii) Fill the concrete in the molds in layers
approximately 5cm thick
(iii) Compact each layer with not less than 25
strokes
per layer using a tamping rod (steel bar 16mm
diameter and 60cm long, bullet pointed at lower
end)
(iv) Level the top surface and smoothen it with a
CURING
trowel
The test specimens are stored in moist air for
24hours and after this period the specimens
are marked and removed from the molds and
kept submerged in clear fresh water until taken
out prior to test.
PRECAUTIONS
The water for curing should be tested every 7days
and the temperature of water must be at 27+-2oC.

PROCEDURE
(I) Remove the specimen from water after specified
curing time and wipe out excess water from the
surface.
(II) Take the dimension of the specimen to the nearest
0.2m
(III) Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine
(IV) Place the specimen in the machine in such a
manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite
sides of the cube cast.
(V) Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of
the machine.
(VI) Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so
that it touches the top surface of the specimen.
(VII) Apply the load gradually without shock and
continuously at the rate of 140kg/cm2/minute till the
specimen fails
(VIII) Record the maximum load and note any unusual
features in the type of failure.

NOTE
Minimum three specimens should be tested at each
selected age.
If strength of any specimen varies by more than 15
per cent of average strength, results of such specimen
should be rejected. Average of there specimens gives
the crushing strength of concrete.
Percentage strength of concrete at various ages:
The strength of concrete increases with age.
Table shows the strength of concrete at different ages
in comparison with the strength at 28 days after casting.

Age Strength per


cent

1 day 16%
3 days 40%
7 days 65%
14 days 90%
28 days 99%
Cylinder Test
The standard cylinder is 6 in. in diameter, 12 in. long
and is cast in a mould generally made of steel or cast iron.

Non-reusable cardboard or plastic moulds are sometimes


used, but they result in an apparent lowering of strength
of the order of a few percent, possibly due to the expansion
of the mould during setting.

For high slump, concrete is filled in 3 layers, each


layer is compacted (25 times) by a 16 mm diameter
bullet nosed rod or in 2 layers by means of an
immersion vibrator (for low slump concrete)
Cylinder test
The top surface of a cylinder finished with a float is
not smooth enough for testing and requires further
preparation (capping).

This is the greatest disadvantage of this type of


specimen as normally used.
Effect of End Condition of Specimen and Capping

Since the top surface of the test cylinder is somewhat


rough and not truly plane, it is important to make it
smooth and plane.

Lack of planeness of concrete surface of 0.25 mm


can lower the strength by one-third.
Convex end surface cause a greater reduction than
concave ones as they generally lead to higher
stress concentrations.
The loss in strength is particularly high in high
strength concrete.
Effect of End Condition of Specimen
and Capping
There are 3 means of overcoming the ill-effect of
an uneven end surface of the specimen :

Capping

Grinding
Packing with a bending material
QUESTIONS

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