Neemuch Solar Power GIFT City , Gujarat

Plant
IT Projects or Science projects - Space missions or Research
Projects like vaccine of Covid-19.
 What is a Project ?

Project is an activity to meet the creation of a unique product or service and

thus activities that are undertaken to accomplish routine activities cannot be
considered projects.

Project is a unique product or service thus routine activities cannot be taken as

projects.

Turner “ an endeavour in which human, material, financial and knowledge

resources are organized in a novel way to undertake a unique scope of work, of
given specifications,within constraints of cost and time,so as to deliver
quantitative, qualitative and consumer oriented product and service.”
 Characteristics of Project
❏ Unique single use plans
❏ Temporary activities or teams which may have ongoing results
❏ Performance based on objectives of time, cost, technical and
quality performance.
❏ Strategic objectives and well defined plans within a determined
budget.
❏ Defined goals, plans, budgets and stakeholders(Teams).
❏ Risk and uncertainty during entire life cycle.
❏ Well trained and skilled staff in human, technical and other skills.
IRON TRIANGLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
FrameworkProject
of ProjectFramework
 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
● Scope
● Time
● Cost =f( P, T, S)
● Performance

● SMART ( Specific,Measurable,Attainable,Realistic,Time bound)

 Project Management
Project : A group of milestones or phases, activities or tasks that support an effort to accomplish
something.

Management : is the process of Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Measuring

H. Kerzner - 'Project management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of company
resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and
objectives. Furthermore, project management utilizes the systems approach to management by having
functional personnel (the vertical hierarchy) assigned to a specific project (the horizontal hierarchy)'
(2009).

Project management is “ the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities
in order to meet project requirements” (PMI*, Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®
Guide), 2000, p. 6) (The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society.)
HISTORY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
HISTORY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1917

2000

1950’s 1960’s

Japanese Globalizatio
Rise of
and
World US & n&
Germany
War I USSR Dynamism
Quality
Conscious
ness
IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Rapidly changing technology

High entropy of system (VUCA -Agile systems)

Squeezed life cycle of products

Impact of Globalisation

Large Organization

Customer centric business

 Based on source
Based on Time of Capital

Based on Content Based on

of Project Objective

Based on
Involvement
(Internal/ External)
INVOLVEMEN
DEPARTMENTAL/ INTERNAL / EXTERNAL
T
OBJECTIVE PRODUCTION/ SOCIAL/ COMMUNITY

CONTENT IT/ CONSTRUCTION/ RESEARCH

CAPITAL PUBLIC/ PRIVATE/ PPP

TIME SHORT / LONG

Number of lines-12

Line number
Red Line - 1
Yellow Line - 2
Blue Line - 3
Blue Line - 4
Green Line - 5
Violet Line - 6
Pink Line - 7
Magenta Line - 8
Grey Line - 9
Orange Line - 10

Number of stations 285

System length- 389 km

Track gauge
1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge;
(Red, Blue, Yellow line)
1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Standard
gauge) (All lines)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TALENT TRIANGLE
 ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER

The Project Manager’s role is to ensure that the overall objectives of the
project are achieved with the participation of each individual member.

They are multi talented, highly skilled, excellent leadership and

communication skills apart from flexible to all environmental changes.

They use their acumen to identify strength and weakness of individuals

in his team and leveraging to maximize the scale while minimizing the
impact of their weakness.

Their job is on the overall bottom line for the division or the company
SCOPE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project management activitiesACTIVITIES
Project management activities are mainly divided into 3 main categories
Planning, Scheduling and Controlling.

Planning: Planning activities include defining project objective,

resource planning, etc.

Scheduling: Scheduling activities include developing detailed

milestones and guidelines for the project. These activities are performed
typically before actual initiation of the project.

Controlling: Controlling activities include developing budget and

 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Projects progresses in steps continuously by increments i.e. it is

defined then later refined at each step according to the underlying
assumptions or purpose as it progresses for enhanced clarity.
Project managers divide the project into phases for better control
and tracking purposes. Project are progressively elaborated at each
stage / milestones and tracked for completion. The basic phases of
a project are dependent on the kind of project that is being carried
out.
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
A project life cycle is the sequence of phases that a project
goes through from its initiation to its closure.
The number and sequence of the cycle are determined by the
management and various other factors like needs of the
organization involved in the project, the nature of the
project, and its area of application.
The phases have a definite start, end, its own objective /
milestones and control(track) point and are constrained
by time which vary widely.
The project lifecycle can be defined and modified as per
the needs and aspects of the organization.
 Match the picture with right
project activity name
Idea Reporting &
Generation Closure

Analysis Monitoring
& Control

Planning
Implementation
 The Initiation Phase
It identifies a business need, problem, or opportunity and brainstorm
ways that your team can meet this need, solve this problem, or seize
this opportunity. The project manager creates a Project Charter which
includes:
● Project’s vision, mission and purpose for your project.
● Innovate products, measure feasibility and success criteria.
● Elaborated project description, deliverables, conditions, and risks.
● Project concept document(what, how, why), charter & sponsors.
 The Planning Phase
The purpose of this phase is to lay down a detailed strategy of how the
project has to be performed.
Project Planning consists of two parts:
● Strategic Planning & Implementation Planning
● Determine requirements, resources, cost & schedules.
Work break down structure, risk management, build teams, procurement
plans, process design,cost schedules, cost estimation and capital
structure, means of finance,final implementation schedule.
 The Execution Phase
This stage consists of turning your plan into action where physical
deliverables are built. The project manager has to supervise the project
and prevent any errors from taking place.
● Creating tasks, organizing workflows, appointing & motivating team.

● Communicating with stakeholders & project administration.

● Execution of project plan, risk monitoring and handling changes.
● Monitoring performance, status reports and quality of work.
● Reviews, Control & Manage budgets, schedule or scope.
 The Termination Phase
In the closure phase, you provide final deliverables, release project resources, and
determine the success of the project that includes evaluating what did and did not
work with the project.

● Analyzing project team performance & documenting project closure reports.

● Reporting and transfer of project to owners: inclusion, integration & extinction.
● Conducting post-implementation reviews & reallocation of resources.
● Project Accounting & Auditing (accomplishment of scope & meeting objectives.)
Comprehensive project status to evaluate the fulfilment of objective rather than punitive
where external members evaluate current, future status, critical tasks-challenges faced,
completion & acceptance of project, final reports, payments, assign personnel and
other relevant information.
 Types of Projects on basis of investment

Greenfield Project Divestment Project

Modernisation/
Brownfield Project Replacement
Project

Expansion Vertical Diversification

Project Integration

Downward Conglomerate
Upward Concentric
Integration Diversification
Integration Diversification
 Idea Generation
● Project conceptualization begins the first stage of project lifecycle
which includes generation of a project idea. Ideas are based on
technological breakthroughs and most of the project ideas are
variants of present products or services.

● In order to select the most promising project, the entrepreneur needs

to generate a few ideas about the possible project one can undertake.
The project ideas as a process of identification of a project begins
with an analytical survey of the economy (pre-investment surveys).
The surveys and studies will give us ideas for reducing the complex
problem.
 Idea Generation
● The first step of establishing a successful business venture as the adage
goes striking the right cord (business opportunity) at right time.

● It requires imagination, sensitivity to environmental changes and

realistic assessment of organizational competencies, triggered during a
process rather than an analytical exercise.
 Methods of Generating Ideas
1. Focus Groups /Delphi
2. Brainstorming - ideas of group of experts having knowledge of
product / market
3. Problem Inventory Analysis- focuses on the existing problem to obtain new
solutions to fill the gaps.
4. Market Research Surveys -Systematic & scientific market research to
identify business opportunities , use of available resources ,
infrastructure and expertise.
5. Future Planning
6. SWOT Analysis - Cost reduction, increased productivity improvement
& capacity utilisation.
7. Fostering a conducive climate (Macro / Micro Environment)
 a ti on
Ge ner
ea
f Id
oces
s o Stimulating flow of Ideas
P r

SWOT Analysis and clear articulation of objectives

Fostering a conducive climate

(organizational level)

Monitoring the environment

Scouting for project ideas- Analyse, inputs required

 a ti on
ner
Ge
ea
f Id
c es s o Preliminary Screening
Pr o

Project rating index

Sources of positive Net Present Value

Entrepreneurial Venture (start-up)

Ideas Originate
from?
 Internal sources of Ideas

 • Knowledge of market, products, and services.

 • Knowledge of potential customer choice.
 • Emerging trends in demand for particular product.
 • Scope for producing substitute product.
 • Market survey & research.
 • Going through Professional magazines.
 • Making visits to trade and exhibitions.
 • Government guidelines & policy.
 • Ideas given by the experienced person.
 • Ideas by own experience.
 • SWOT analysis.
Elements of
Environment
 Environment appraisal
An entrepreneur or a firm systematically appraise the environment and assess
its competitive abilities. For the purposes of monitoring, the business
environment may be divided into six broad sectors :

● Economic Sector- State of the economy, growth, trade surplus and deficits
Cyclical fluctuations, Balance of Payment , Inflation rate etc.

● Government Sector- Industrial policy, Tax structure, Monetary policy , EXIM.

● Technological Sector - Emergence of new technologies

 Environment appraisal
● Competition Sector - Number of firms in the industry and the market share
of the top few, homogeneity, entry barrier, Market polices and practices.

● Socio-demographic Sector Population trends, Age, Income distribution,

Educational profile, Attitudes toward consumption and investment.

● Legal Framework – policies, compliances related to sector or state.

 Corporate Appraisal
● A realistic appraisal of corporate strengths and weaknesses is
essential for identifying investment opportunities which can be
profitably exploited. The broad areas of corporate appraisal and the
important aspects to be considered under them are as follow :

● Corporate Resources and Personnel

● Finance and Accounting- Financial leverage and borrowing
capacity
● Research and Development
● Marketing and Distribution
● Production and Operations
 Scouting for Project Ideas

● Analyze performance of existing economies

● Inputs / outputs of various industries
● Study plan outlays & Governmental guidelines
● Suggestions of financial & developmental agencies
● Analyse economic, social trends & technological
developments
● Identifying unfulfilled psychological needs
● Investigating local materials , resources , trade fairs etc
● Stimulating creativity for generating new product ideas
GE Mckinsey Matrix
 Analysis & selection of Idea
● Preliminary screening (technical/ financial-cost/ market/risk ).

● Project rating index

● Sources of positive Net Present Value.

 Economies of scale,
 Product Differentiation,
 Cost advantage and Technological edge,
 Marketing Reach,
 Government Policy

● Entrepreneurial venture.
 Selection of Idea & execution

● Entrepreneurial venture.
 Willingness to bear risk
 Decisiveness
 Leadership
 Marketing Orientation
 Value proposition