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Foundation and Its Types

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38 views

Foundation and Its Types

Uploaded by

AB K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Foundation AND

its types

Prepared by
IHSAN ULLAH KHAN
ROLL NO 13 SEMESTER 8TH
FOUNDATION

DEFINATION : A foundation is a lower part of a building


structure that transfers its load to the soil (earth), the structure
must distribute the load equally within tolerable limits.

There are generally two main types of foundation


( i.e. shallow & deep foundation) for constructing
the structure like houses, buildings, etc.
The foundation selection criteria depends on the soil and load
on the structure.
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
In shallow foundation the depth of the foundation is
less than or equal to its width.
These foundations are constructed where the soil layer at
shallow depths (up to 1.5 m) capable of supporting structural
loads. The depth is usually less than its width.
TYPES OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION:

Based on the design, shallow foundations are further classified as


follows:
WALL OR STRIP FOOTING:
Wall foundations spread continuously along the direction of the
wall and help in transmitting the load of the wall into the ground.
This footing is suitable where the loads to be carried are small and
economical in dense sand and gravel. In this types of foundation, the
width is 2-3 times the width of the wall on the floor stage.
Wall footing may be constructed by stone, brick, plain cement concrete (PCC) or
reinforced cement concrete (RCC).
WALL FOOTING IS ECONOMICAL WHEN:
•When small magnitude loads to be transferred.
•This footing is situated on dense sand and gravel.
ISOLATED OR PAD OR SPREAD FOOTING:
These footing is suitable and economical for depths greater than 1.5 m.
In this types of foundation, the base of the column is large.
This type of footing is in the form of flat slabs and might be constructed
by plain or reinforced concrete. THE ISOLATED FOOTING IS ECONOMICAL
WHEN:
The weight of the construction is comparatively less.
Columns are not usually closely positioned.
The load-carrying capacity of the soil is higher at shallow depth.
COMBINED FOOTING:
Combined footing are foundations that are made wider by
providing two or more columns in a row.
It is used when the footing property for a column can extend
beyond the line.
It is also suitable when the two columns are closely spaced and
the soil on which the structure resists low bearing capacity.
It may be trapezoidal or rectangular.
COMBINED
FOUNDATIONS ARE ECONOMICAL WHEN:
The columns are constructed closer to each other.
The property line crosses or becomes eccentric when the
column is near the property line.
The dimensions of 1 aspect foot are restricted to some
CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTING:
When an edge footing cannot extend beyond the
property line, it is combined with other internal
footings using a strap beam, it is called strap footing.
Strap footing is also well-known as cantilever
footing.
MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION:
A mat foundation is a joint notch that covers the entire area under a
structure and supports all walls and columns, it is also known as the
fleet foundation.
THE MAT FOUNDATION ECONOMICAL WHEN:
•The allowable bearing pressure is low.
•The structure is heavyweight.
•The site is with a highly compressed layer.
DEEP FOUNDATION:
In a deep foundation, the depth of the foundation is
greater than its width, these foundations are constructed
very deep below the ground surface.
Typically at depths 3 m below ground level
FOUNDATION:
e foundation, the stack is a tapered member that has
l area of cross-section relative to its length, they can m
oad either by friction or bearing.
rent types of pile foundations are used when:
ad is to be shifted to a stronger or less compressed stratum, preferab

anular soil needs to be compacted.


orizontal and inclined forces are required to be carried from the bridge
ent and retaining walls.
PIER FOUNDATION:
The pier foundation is an underground cylindrical
structural member that supports heavy loads of structure
that cannot resist shallow foundations.
Unlike pile foundation, pier foundation can only transfer
loads by bearing.

The Pier Foundation is narrower than the Pile Foundation.


PIER FOUNDATION IS
ECONOMICAL WHEN:
•The top-level is a decomposed
rock intertwined within the type
of a sound rock strut.
•Soil is a hard soil that has great
resistance to drive bearing piles.
CAISSONS FOUNDATION:
The term caisson refers to a box or a case; they are
hollow inside, usually constructed on-site and drown in
hard bearing parts.
As they are expensive to construct, they are usually
restricted to major foundation works.
Well foundation is suitable when the soil has large
boulders obstructing entry during the installation of the
pier or pile foundation.
Caissons are used in bridge piers, rivers and lakes for
mistreatment and other shore protection operations.
They are used to resist heavy vertical and horizontal
loads and to construction of large waterfront structures
as pump houses.
CAISSON FOUNDATION IS ECONOMICAL
WHEN:When least pile is required.
Need to reduce noise and vibration.
The foundation is to be constructed in
underwater bodies.
Great axial and lateral loading capability are
required.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOOTINGS AND
FOUNDATION:
The footing is the part of the foundation that is built
with concrete or brickwork masonry and serves as
the floor columns and floor partitions.

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