THE ART OF DATA

MODELLING
MADE BY HAMZA
 What Is Data Modelling
• Data modelling is a visual
representation of complex data and how
data will be gathered,stored,used in
different businesses and companies.

• It is also a process of creating a data

model for an information system by
applying several techniques.

• There are 3 types of data modelling

which are logical data modelling,
physical data modelling and conceptual
data modelling.
Purpose Of Data Modelling
• Data Modelling aims to provide different
kinds of data as well as relationships
between them and the ways in which it can
be arranged and grouped.

• It also develops a straightforward and

organized structure for the visualization and
arrangement of data. In addition, it also
helps the construction of the systems that
are suitable for their intended purpose.

• The main aim of data modelling is to create

databases and establish relationships
between data structures and put application
into action.
 Benefits Of Data
Modelling
• Data modeling delivers higher-quality
data, which decreases system errors.
• Enhanced administration through
transparent data design along with
organization which assists in making
information easier to store, access,
and update
• Suitable database design that
contributes to the development of
well-organized databases and better
decision-making which leads to an
organized data model
What Is Decision Making
Decision making is a strategy that focuses on informing
company choices using data and analysis. It involves
utilizing information from places including economic
developments, financial statistics, and feedback from
clients to inform decision-making. The goal to achieve
good decision making in companies is to encourage all
staff members to conduct research and look into facts
since this will result in the finding of important insights
that motivate action.
How Decision-Making
Correlates To Data
Modelling
• Decision modelling is a method of developing an
organized and visual representation of how the
decisions are made within a company. Decision
modeling improves teamwork collaboration in the
decision-making process while also helping to record
the reasoning behind these decisions

• In data modelling, having good decision making will

improve the productivity of the company. Data gets
selected and the information that is truly needed to
back up major company choices can be quickly
recognized with the use of decision modeling. By
doing this there will be less delays in the data
system which is good for the company.
 Stages Of Decision-Making Process
In Data Modelling
Data Collection: Researching and gathering
information about the companies main goals as
well as its specifications for data.
Data model design: Using tables and columns,
a developed high-level data structure would
make the data more presentable to be used in
research or stored using Excel.
Evaluating a plan: Create a plan for the
financial support of the company using the
stored data.
Predicting the sales of the company: Evaluate
and explain what will the sales of company will
look like in the future using historical data to be
more accurate on your data.
What Is Spreadsheet Software
Spreadsheet software is a program that
can organize, store, and analyze data in
an organized manner .Additionally, they
can have several interactive sheets with
text, numbers, or graphic data
representations. It is also a unique tool
which is used for analyzing data in an
easier way.
Scenario
• This is the scenario that I have to
create in excel spreadsheet. In this
scenario we have to create a
dataset with the exchange rate. If
the exchange rate is 0.7 the sales
will stay the same in the dataset. If
exchange rate drops below 0.7 the
sales in the dataset will increase by
a similar amount. More will be
explained in the next slide
An example of making decisions
in CheesyWorld cheese company
• In this example, I have added macros in the blue button enter exchange rate.
Macros is a spreadsheet feature in excel. When you enter this exchange rate, it
takes you to the yellow exchange rate number. In the yellow exchange rate, you
can change or decide whatever number you want to put. In this scenario, the
number must be exactly 0.7 to meet its requirements. when you enter the number,
the numbers in the dataset changes. You change the
numbers in the
dataset by
changing the
number in the
yellow exchange
rate.
Features Of Spreadsheet Software In Data
Modelling With Relation to CheesyWorld
Company• Spreadsheet software includes
formulas and functions which
enable us to calculate the
interpreted data by averaging it,
using sums and applying formulas
which is important for
understanding data.
• Data is entered and managed in
rows and columns by creating
tables. This allows for structured
and organized information.
• Spreadsheet software also
includes pie charts, line graphs
and bar graphs to understand the
concept of the data in a better
way.
How Spreadsheet features
Support Decision Making With
Relation To CheesyWorld
Company.
Decision-making with spreadsheets requires
using data analysis, presentation, and innovate
data modelling techniques to support and assist
choices in excel. In making decisions, it is very
important to structure your data in a more
meaningful way. Like for example organizing
your data into headers, columns and including
the right values in your data allows analysis and
understanding of your data become more
simpler and easier.
Visualizing data helps in decision making in
many ways such as you can format your data
into different colours according to your taste.
You can format your text into any font that you
like. This will make your presentation look more
excellent and good. Here is an example of the
homepage I created for cheesyworld in excel by
using various tools to make my data more
visually appealing.
Two main examples of
spreadsheet software
•Google sheets
•Excel Spreadsheet
Important uses of
excel spreadsheet
• Excel is used to organize data and
perform financial analysis. It is used
across all business functions and at
companies from small to large. The main
uses of excel include charting and
graphing by building dashboards,
managing and analyzing data by creating
calendars and schedules and plenty of
formulas to work with calculations in the
data.
Charting and graphing in excel
• Charts and graphs are used in excel to visualize data
in a better way. These graphics help you understand
the data in a worksheet by displaying patterns and
trends that are difficult to see in the data. Whether
you’re analyzing sales figures, tracking trends, or
comparing different categories, Excel offers a variety
of chart types to help us. The main kinds of charts
and graphs in excel which a lot of people use are pie
charts, bar charts and line charts.
 Pie charts in excel
I used pie charts to note down
the value of total profit(pounds)
of cheese data and display
results in percentages. It is also
a circular chart that represents
data by dividing it into slices or
segments. It displays one data
series through slices of a pie,
showing in proportions. Pie
chart is useful when you have a
single data series with non-
negative values. You can create
a pie chart in Excel by first
selecting your data and then
inserting the Pie Chart you
want.
Bar charts in excel
I have also used bar charts which are
column charts that shows trends over
time. I showed the average monthly sales
of 5 cheeses and represented it in a bar
chart. They are best for comparing
information or if you have multiple
categories of one variable (for example,
multiple products or genres). Categories
are plotted on the horizontal axis, and
values on the vertical axis. Also, it is very
Ideal for comparing different categories
and their values like in this example This
feature can be very useful when building
dashboards.
Managing and analyzing data in
excel.
• We often need to organize data in Excel while working for easy
data management, better data analysis, better visualization,
and more efficiency For example you can use tables to better
represent how ideas makes data analysis simpler, faster.
Filtering and storing data allows you to organize the
information in a tidy way. Managing data in excel is mostly
used for summarizing large datasets by categorizing data and
allowing you to visualize data trends.
Features of using
tables in excel
• Excel tables provide a lot of features
to mange data in a better way. They
are one of the most interesting
features in excel. Features include:
• Tables provide shortcuts which
makes data analyzing easier
• You can rename a table anytime if
you want to change your data
• Entering structured references in the
data to make your data look correct.
• After clicking on the table you get
these options, you can also
customize your table by using
different colors, different formatting
with one click.
 Usage of formulas in excel
• Formulas are used to perform calculations in the data. They perform both
simple and complex calculations. Functions also follow the orders of many
operations and arithmetic numbers in the stored in data. This makes your
data calculations more correct and accurate. For example, if you want to
multiply numbers in excel you multiply both column letter and numbers to
get the answer.
Functions
and
formulas to
make
• speedy
calculations

•
Google Sheet
• Google sheets is a spreadsheet software application
which is just in fact just about any activity involving
the recording and analysis of data. Users can upload
spreadsheets directly from their computers or from
their mobiles. The data saves every change
automatically, and users can see other users changes
as they are being made. Users in google sheets can
edit and format spreadsheets, analyze and share data
and visualizing data.
Features of google sheets
• Users can generate spreadsheet data for graphs, charts and other
types of diagrams and embed them in websites. You can also create
tables and charts using the tools on google sheets such as using
colors and fonts for customizing your table. Typically, Google Sheets
is preferred for collaboration, as it is fully web-based. While Excel
has an online version, it does not have full functionality.
• Users can share Google Sheets documents and folders with others
for real-time collaboration. Spreadsheet items can be added, edited,
formatted and applied to formulas and functions through Google
Sheets.
• Overview the tables which are created by headers. You can
customize your table by going to edit tab and choosing colors.
You can also change the size of the column to make your table
neater.
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