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Electro Chemistry

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25 views9 pages

Electro Chemistry

Uploaded by

usmanshakeelbhatti87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electrochemistry

Dr. Majid Majeed Akbar

Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology


University of the Punjab, Lahore.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of
Physical Chemistry that studies
chemical reactions which take place
at the interface of an electrode.
These reactions involve electrical
charges moving between the
electrodes electrolytes.
Thus electrolchemistry deals with the
interaction between electrical
energy and chemical change.
Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic
Dissociation
Main Points of the theory are:
 An electrolyte, when dissolved in water, breaks up into two
types of charged particles, one carrying a positive charge
and the other a negative charge. These charged particles
are called ions. Positively charged ions are termed cations
and negatively charged as anions. In its modern form, the
theory assumes that solid electrolytes are composed of
ions which are held together by electrostatic forces of
attraction. When an electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent,
these forces are weakened and the electrolyte undergoes
dissociation into ions. The ions are solvated.
 The process of splitting of the molecules into ions of an
electrolyte is called ionization. The fraction of the total
number of molecules present in solution as ions is known as
degree of ionization or degree of dissociation.
 For weak Electrolytes the theory did not prove
satisfactory.
Debye-Huckel Theory of
Interionic Attraction
Like Arrhenius, they believe that strong
electrolytes, at least in dilute solution, are
completely ionized.
They showed that, because of electrostatic
attractions between charged ions, each
positive ion in solution must be surrounded
on an average with more negative ion or
vice versa.
In other words, each ion in solution is
surrounded by an ionic atmosphere whose
net charge is opposite to that of the
central ion.
Electrolytic Conduction
In electrolytic conductors, electron
transfer takes place by the migration
of ions, both positive and negative.
This migration involves not only a
transfer of electricity from one
electrode to another, but also a
transport of matter from one part of
the conductor to another. Current
flow is always accompanied by
chemical changes at the electrodes.
Faraday’s Laws of
Electrolysis
Faraday’s Ist Law of Electrolysis
Mass of a substance involved in
reaction at the electrodes is
directly proportional to the
quantity of electricity passed
through the solution.
Farady’s Second Law of Electrolysis
Masses of different substances
produced during electrolysis are
directly proportional to their
Transference and Transference
Numbers
The quantitative relationship
between the fraction of current
carried by an ion and its speed
can be established as;
Hittorf’s Rule
Changes in concentration at the
electrodes as a result of
electrolysis will be equal only
when the ionic speeds are the
same.
Determination of Transference
Numbers
HittorfMethod
Moving Boundary Method
Electromotive Force
Measurement

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