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lecture 1

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40 views27 pages

lecture 1

Uploaded by

kaleabhiwot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wood

products
and
boards
The benefits of using wood

Structural expression

Natural beauty

Easy to work with

Good insulation

Healthy

Safe, light, strong and durable

Wide range of engineered solutions


There are two types of wood
1. Soft wood
2. Hard wood

1. Soft wood
. derived from conifers or evergreens
. found in the temperate region (specifically
in the northern hemisphere)
. Generally grow straight with a more
pronounced stem than hard wood
. Have relatively small number of
specious
2. Hard wood
. derived from broad leaves (trees classed
as deciduous
. Denser and stronger than soft wood
. They have well defined color
. Have more number of specious
. Decorative and durable
. Tropical wood ( hot climate ) , eg. balsa
Characters in wood
1. Grain pattern
direction of fiber relative to the long axis of
a tree or peace of wood. It has a high
decorative value.

2. Texture
the way a fabric feels to a touch.
. Course –rough or uneven
. Fine –smooth or even

3. Color
hard wood have better color than soft
wood.
it gives wood special character
4. Appearance
variation in appearance caused by:
. Genetic variability
. Geographic location
. Rate of growth (faster growth vs slower
growth)
. Soil type
. Age of tree (older trees vs younger ones)
Conversion :
A process of converting a tree in the
forest in to timber for sale. Operations include:
. Felling, disbranching, cutting, extraction,
loading, transportation, unload, sawing,
seasoning, shipping…..
Defects :
1. Lower the quality of a wood
2. Natural defects
. Knots-point of attachment of the branch and
stem
. Irregular grain
. Brittle heart
. pockets
3. Seasoning defects (distortion of wood shrinkage)
4. Conversion defects
5. Weathering defects (affects wood in use)
6. Insects defect-beetles
7. Fungal attack-leads to decay of wood
Seasoning :
process for reducing moisture content for a given
timber.
Two types:
1. Air drying (natural seasoning)
2. Kilning (mechanical seasoning)

Reasons for seasoning


1. To achieve service state moisture content in
order
2. To reduce decay
3. To reduce wrapping and distortion during drying
4. To prevent development of blue stain by fungal
5. To increase the strength of wood
6. to make the wood suitable for gluing and
finishing
Factors affecting seasoning:
1. Humidity
2. Temperature
3. Rate of air flow
4. Permeability of specious
. Quality
. Thickness
. Use
. Direction of sawing
preservatives :-
are chemicals which are disposed on or in
wood to give it an artificial durability.

Basic Properties of preservatives:


-toxic to fungal and insects
-harmless to human beings and animals
-persistent
-easy to apply
-non flammable
-colorless, odorless to users
-should be able to take paint and other finishes and
glue
Wood products for construction:-
1. Round timber (poles and piles)
2. Solid sawn lumber
3. Structural composite lumber
4. Structural panel products
5. Non Structural panel products
6. Glued laminated timber
7. Mechanically laminated timber
8. Wood I–Joists
9. Joinery products
1. Round timber (poles and piles)
-use of round timber represent one of the
most efficient usage of wood because of
minimal processing in manufacture
. peeling/cutting
. Seasoning
. Treat with preservatives
example: construction logs, foundation piles…
2. Solid sawn lumber
-product of the saw mill
-rectangular in cross section

Types include :-
. Boards -fascia board…
. Dimension lumber, frames –wall
plate, battens,
rafter,
purlins…
3. Structural composite lumber (SCL)
(made from both soft wood and hard
wood)
-composed of wood elements
combined
-need structural adhesive

It include three types :-


1. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
2. Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
3. laminated strand lumber (LSL)
A. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
-laminated from layers of veneer
-bonded with water proof adhesive
under
heat and pressure
B. Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
-manufactured from long strands of
wood
-rotary cut and graded veneer
-water proof adhesive
C. Laminated strand lumber (LSL)
-they are the same with LVL except
that the veneer is changed by strand
in the case of LSL

3. Structural composite lumber


(SCL)
(they are the most used and
produced)
It has two types:-
I. Plywood
II. Flake board
I. Plywood
-made completely or in part from
veneer
-made in to flat sheets
There are two types of plywood :-
I. Construction plywood
(industrial)

II.decorative plywood
(hard wood plywood)
II. Flake board
-structural panel product
-made from specially produced flakes of
wood
-usually low density wood
There are two types:-
I- oriented strand board (OSB)
(made from wood strands that are long
narrow flakes of wood felted in to a mat)
II- Wafer board
-made from wide squarish flakes
-made from specious of wood not
considered suitable for lumber,
veneer or pulp
5. Non structural panel products
(used where strength, finish, and
workability are not of major importance)
It include two types :-
I. Particle board:-it is a chipboard made
from small graded wood chips mixed with
adhesive and pressed in to flat sheets
II. Fiber board
6. Glued laminated timber (Glulm)
-made by joining solid-sown structural
lumber end
to end to make continuous lamination
-produced in wide range of length, width
and depth
-can be made to curves
-made in to beams and columns, curved or
tapered
7. Mechanically laminated timber
Joining achieved by:- plugs, bolts, nails

8. Wood I-Joists
-a kind of beam for support of floors or
ceiling
-vary in depth and length
9. Joinery products
-windows
-doors, stair cases…
Applicatio
n

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