ST.

MARY’S CONVENT SCHOOL

GAJRAULA

SESSION 2024 – 2025

SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:-

TANISHA
SINGH
XIIth
 PYTHON FUNCTIONS
Q1 Add two numbers

Def add(a, b):

return a + b

Q2 Multiply two. Numbers

Def multiply(a, b):
return a * b

Q3Find Maximum of two numbers

 Def find_max(a, b, c):
return max(a, b, c)

Q4 Check odd or even

def odd_or_even(n):
return “Even” if n % 2 == 0:
else “Odd”

Q5 FIND FACTORIAL

def factorial(n):
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
return n * factorial(n – 1)
Q6 Fibonacci sequence
def fibonacci(n):
sequence = []
a, b = 0, 1
while len(sequence) < n:
sequence.append(a)
a, b = b, a + b
return sequence

Q7. Reverse a string

def reverse_string(s):
return s[::-1]
Q8 check prime number
def is_prime(n):
if n < 2:
return False
for I in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
if n % I == 0:
return False
return True
Q 9 sum of list elements
def sum_of_list(lst):
return sum(lst)
Q10 Palindrome check
def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]

Q11Count vowels
def count_vowels(s):
return sum(1 for char in s.lower() if char in “aeiou”)

Q12 Convert celsius into fahrenheit

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c):
return (c * 9/5) + 32
Q13 Find GCD
def find_gcd(a, b):
while b:
a, b = b, a % b
return a

Q14 Find power of a number

def power(base, exp):
return base ** exp

Q15 check leap year.

def is_leap_year(year):
return year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 ==
0)
Q16Find length of a string
def string_length(s):
return len(s)

Q17Sort a list
def sort_list(lst):
return sorted(lst)

Q18 Find area of a circle

import math
def area_of_circle(radius):
return math.pi * radius ** 2
Q19 Counts words in a string
def count_words(s):
return len(s.split())

Q20 Check Armstrong number

def is_armstrong(n):
digits = list(map(int, str(n)))
return n == sum(d ** len(digits) for d in digits)
CALLING STATEMENT AND THEIR
OUTPUT
1)result= add(4, 5)
. print(result)
Output
9

2)Result=multiply(3,7)
Print ( result)
Output
21

3)print(find_max(10,20,15))
Output
20
4)print(odd_or_even(8))
Output
Even

5)Print(factorial (5))
Output
120

6)Print( Fibonacci (5))

Output
[0,1,1,2,3]
7)Print(reverse_string(“PYTHON”))
Output
Nohtyp

8)Print(is_prime(17))
Output
True

9)Print (sum_of_list([1,2,3,4]))
Output
10
10) print(is_palindrome(“madam”))
Output
True

11)Print(count vowels (“hello world”))

Output
3

12)Print(celsius _to_fahrenheit(0))
Output
32.0
13) print(find_gcd(48,18))
Output
6

14)Print(power(2,3))
Output
8

15) print(is_leap_year(2024))
Output
True
16)print(string_length(“python”))
Output
6

17)Print(sort_list([4,2,9,1]))
Output
[1,2,4,9]

18) Print (area_of_circle(7))

Output
153.93804002589985
19)Print (count_ words(“python is a fun language”))
Output
5

20)Print(is_armstrong(153))
Output
True
 CSV
FILE
21 Program to store student details
Import csv

# Function to add student details

def add_student_details(filename):
num_students = int(input(“Enter the number of students: “))
with open(filename, ‘w’, newline=‘’) as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow([‘Roll Number’, ‘Name’, ‘Class’, ‘Marks’])
for _ in range(num_students):
roll_number = input(“Enter Roll Number: “)
name = input(“Enter Name: “)
class_name = input(“Enter Class: “)
marks = input(“Enter Marks: “)
def display_student_details(filename):
print(“\nStored Student Details:”)
with open(filename, ‘r’) as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
for row in reader:
print(row)
filename = ‘students.csv’
add_student_details(filename)
display_student_details(filename)

Enter the number of students: 2

Enter Roll Number: 101
Enter Name: Alice
Enter Class: 12
Enter Marks: 85
Enter Roll Number: 102
Enter Name: Bob
Enter Class: 12
Student details saved successfully.

Stored Student Details:

[‘Roll Number’, ‘Name’, ‘Class’, ‘Marks’]
[‘101’, ‘Alice’, ‘12’, ‘85’]
[‘102’, ‘Bob’, ‘12’, ‘90’]

22).Appending data to a CSV file

Import csv

# Appending data to a CSV file

new_data = [‘Diana’, 28, ‘Houston’]

with open(‘output.csv’, ‘a’, newline=‘’) as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(new_data)

print(“New data appended to output.csv”)

Output
Name,Age, city
Alice,25,New York
Bob,30,Los Angeles
Charlie,22,Chicago
Diana,28,Houston

23) Writing to a Csv file

Import csv

# Writing to a CSV file

data = [
[‘Name’, ‘Age’, ‘City’],
[‘Alice’, 25, ‘New York’],
[‘Bob’, 30, ‘Los Angeles’],
[‘Charlie’, 22, ‘Chicago’]
]

with open(‘output.csv’, ‘w’, newline=‘’) as file:

writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerows(data)
Output
Name,Age,City
Alice,25,New York
Bob,30,Los Angeles
Charlie,22,Chicago
TEXT FILE PROGRAMMES

24)WRITE TO A FILE
# Write to a text file
with open(“example.txt”, “w”) as file:
file.write(“Hello, this is the first line.\n”)
file.write(“This is the second line.”)
print(“Data written to example.txt”)
Output
Data written to example.txt

25)READ FROM A FILE

# Read a text file
with open(“example.txt”, “r”) as file:
content = file.read()
print(“File content:”)
print(content)
Output
File content:
Hello, this is the first line.
This is the second line.
26)APPEND TO A FILE
# Append to a text file
# Append to a text file
with open(“example.txt”, “a”) as file:
file.write(“\nThis is an appended line.”)
print(“Data appended to example.txt”)
Output
Data appended to example.txt
 #BINARY FILES
27)To create item details
import pickle
def create():
d={}
xf=open(“item.dat”,”wb”)
wish=‘y’
while wish==‘y’:
itno=int(input(“Enter a no”))
desc=input(“Enter description”)
qty=int(input(“Enter quantity”))
rate=int(input(“Enter rate”))
d[“itno”]=itno
d[“desc”]=desc
d[“qty”]=qty
d[“rate”]=rate
pickle.dump(d,xf)
wish=input(“Add(y/n)”)
xf.close()
create()
28)To display the contents of the file
import pickle
def display():
d={}
xf=open(“item.dat”,”rb”)
try:
while True:
d=pickle.load(xf)
print(d)
except EOFError:
xf.close()
display()
29)To select an item no.
import pickle
def search():
k=0
d={}
xf=open(“item.dat”,”rb”)
n=int(input(“Enter no to be searched”))
try:
while True:
d=pickle.load(xf)
if d[“itno”]==n:
 k=1
print(d)
except EOFError:
if k==0:
print(“Not Found”)
xf.close()
search()

30)To the read the file of specific item no.

import pickle
def modify():
xf=open(“item.dat”,”rb+”)
d={}
n=int(input(“Enter no to be search and modify”))
try:
while True:
rec=xf.tell()
d=pickle.load(xf)
if d[“itno”]==n:
d[“rate”]=d[“rate”]+d[“rate”]*3/100
xf.seek(rec)
pickle.dump(d,xf)
except EOFError:
xf.close()
modify()
31) To delete the record
import os
def delfile():
k=0
xf=open(“item.dat”,”rb”)
yf=open(“temp.dat”,”wb”)
n=int(input(“Enter item no to be deleted”))
d={}
try:
while True:
d=pickle.load(xf)
if d[“itno”]!=n:
pickle.dump(d,yf)
except EOFError:
xf.close()
yf.close()
os.remove(“item.dat”)
os.rename(“temp.dat”,”item.dat”)
delfile()
#BUBBLE SORT:-
‘’’32.WAF bsort()to arrange a list in ascending order using bubble sort’’’
def bsort(l):
for I in range(len(l)):
for j in range(0,len(l)-i-1):
if l[j]>l[j+1]:
l[j],l[j+1]=l[j+1],l[j]
print(l)
l=eval(input(“enter a list :”))
bsort(l)
#OUTPUT
enter a list :[3,5,2,1,5,6,8,3,0,4,2,0,7,8,9]
[0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9]

#INSERTION SORT:-
‘’’33.WAF isort()to arrange a list in ascending order using insertion sort.’’’
def isort(l):
for I in range (1,len(l)):
t=l[i]
j=i-1
while t<l[j] and j>=0:
l[j+1]=l[j]
j=j-1
l[j+1]=t
print(l)
L=eval(input(“enter a list :”))
isort(l)
#OUTPUT
enter a list :[3,5,2,1,5,6,8,3,0,4,2,0,7,8,9]
[0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9]

#SEARCHING

#LINEAR SEARCH:-
‘’’34.WAF TO PASS A LIST AND A NO. AND SEARCH IT IF FOUND RETURN 1 OTHERWISE -1’’’
def linear_search(l,n):
k=-1
for I in l:
if i==n:
k=1
print(k)
l=eval(input(“enter a list :”))
n=int(input(“enter no. :”))
linear_search(l,n)
#OUTPUT
enter a list :[1,4,6,7]
enter no. :6
1
#BINARY SEARCH:-
‘’’35.WAF to pass a list and a no. and search it using binary search.’’’
def binary_search(l,n):
k=0
beg=0
last=len(l)-1
while beg<=last:
mid=int((beg+last)/2)
if l[mid]==n:
k=1
break
elif l[mid]>n:
last=mid-1
elif l[mid]<n:
beg=mid+1
if k==0:
print(“not found”)
else:
print(“it is found”)
l=eval(input(“enter a list”))
n=int(input(“enter a no.”))
binary_search(l,n)
#OUTPUT
enter a list[1,2,3]
enter a no.1
it is found
#2D LIST (MATRIX)
‘’’36WAF that passes a 2d list and find the sum of first and last column’’’
def twod(l,r,c):
for I in range®:
print(l[i][0]+l[i][c-1])
l=[]
r=int(input(“enter no. of rows”))
c=int(input(“enter no. of columns”))
for I in range®:
row=[]
for j in range©:
x=int(input(“enter no.”))
row.append(x)
l.append(row)
twod(l,r,c)
#OUTPUT
enter no. of rows2
enter no. of columns2
enter no.1
enter no.2
enter no.3
enter no.4
3
7
# Stack Implementation
‘’’
Stack: implemented as a list
Top: Integer having position of topmost element in stack
‘’’
def isempty(stk):
if stk == []:
return True
else:
return False

def push(stk, item):

stk.append(item)

def pop(stk):
if isempty(stk):
return “underflow”
else:
item = stk.pop()
return item

def peek(stk):
if isempty(stk):
return “underflow”
else:
return stk[-1]
Def display(stk):
if isempty(stk):
print(“stack empty”)
else:
print(stk[-1], “<-top”)
for a in range(len(stk)-2, -1, -1):
print(stk[a])

# MAIN
stack = []
while True:
print(“Stack operation”)
print(“1. Push”)
print(“2. Pop”)
print(“3. Peek”)
print(“4. Display stack”)
print(“5. Exit”)
ch = int(input(“Enter your choice (1-5): “))

if ch == 1:
item = int(input(“Enter item: “))
push(stack, item)
elif ch == 2:
item = pop(stack)
if item == “underflow”:
print(“Underflow! Stack is empty!”)
else:
print(“Popped item is”, item)
 elif ch == 3:
item = peek(stack)
if item == “underflow”:
print(“Underflow! Stack is empty”)
else:
print(“Topmost item is”, item)
elif ch == 4:
display(stack)
elif ch == 5:
break
else:
print(“Invalid choice”)
#OUTPUT
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):1
Enter item :1
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):1
Enter item :2
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):1
Enter item :4
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):1
Enter item :5
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):4
5 <-top
4
2
1
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):3
Topmost item is 5
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):2
Popped item is 5
Stack operation
1.push
2.pop
3.peek
4.display stack
5.exit
Enter your choice(1-5):5