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operating system presentation

Uploaded by

Harris Chikunya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP :1

Presentation :Operating system

Name Surname Reg no


Liliosa S Tarwa R231851M
James Njarawani R163472M
Gashia Gwamura R231835M
Charmain Chironga r231835M
Hellen T Sena R231818M
Brandon Mutungwazi R239247M
Tawanda Pamweni R231173M
Martha Shekwani R231170M
Slide 1:
Introduction
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS
- DEFINE WHAT AN OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) IS.
- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF OS IN MANAGING
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES.
- OUTLINE OF THE TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
1.SYSTEM COMPONENTS
2.OPERATING SYSTEM
3.SYSTEM CALLS AND SYSTEM PROGRAMS
4. LAYERED APPROACH SYSTEM DESIGN
5. MECHANISM AND POLICY
Topic 1:System components
Slide 1:System components
- Definition:
- An operating system (OS) manages computer hardware and software
resources. The system components are the fundamental parts of the OS
that work together to achieve this.

- Main Components:
- Kernel:
- The core of the OS, it manages CPU, memory, and device processes.
- Handles communication between hardware and software.
- Process Management:
- Manages process creation, scheduling, and termination.
- Ensures efficient execution of multiple processes simultaneously.
Slide 2:topic 1
- Memory Management:
- Manages the system's primary memory or RAM.
- Keeps track of each byte in a computer’s memory and ensures the smooth
operation of memory usage.
- File System:
- Manages data storage, organization, retrieval, naming, and protection.
- Provides a structured way for users to store and retrieve files.
- Device Management:
- Manages device communication via their respective drivers.
- Ensures devices such as printers, displays, and storage units work smoothly
with the system.
- I/O Management:
- Coordinates and controls the input/output operations of the system.
- Manages buffering, caching, and spooling.
- Security and Protection:
- Manages the security of the system, ensuring that unauthorized access is
prevented.
- Provides mechanisms for user authentication, file permissions, and encryption.
System Components Diagram
Topic 2. :Operating System
Services
Slide 1:Operating System
Services

- Definition:
- These are the functions and features provided by the OS that support system operations, user
tasks, and application execution.
- Key Services:
- User Interface:
- Provides a means for users to interact with the system, typically through a command-line
interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI).
- Program Execution:
- The OS loads programs into memory, runs them, and manages their execution.
Slide 2
- I/O Operations:
- Facilitates input and output operations, ensuring that devices are correctly managed and
data is accurately transferred.
- File System Manipulation:
- Supports file creation, deletion, reading, and writing, along with directory management.
- Communication:
- Manages communication between processes, either within the same system (Inter-process
Communication, IPC) or over a network.
- Error Detection and Handling:
- Constantly monitors the system for potential errors, and takes appropriate action when
detected.
- Resource Allocation:
- Allocates resources like CPU, memory, and devices to various tasks efficiently.
- Security and Protection:
- Protects information and resources from unauthorized access, providing authentication and
access control.
Diagram for Operating System
Services
Topic 3 : System Calls
Slide 2: System Calls
-WHAT ARE SYSTEM CALLS?
- DEFINITION: INTERFACE BETWEEN A PROGRAM AND THE OS.
- ROLE IN REQUESTING SERVICES LIKE FILE MANIPULATION, PROCESS CONTROL,
COMMUNICATION, ETC.
- EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM CALLS: `OPEN()`, `READ()`, `WRITE()`, `FORK()`, `EXEC()`.

-TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS


- PROCESS CONTROL: EXAMPLE: `FORK()`, `EXIT()`.
- FILE MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE: `OPEN()`, `CLOSE()`.
- DEVICE MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE: `IOCTL()`, `READ()`.
- INFORMATION MAINTENANCE: EXAMPLE: `GETPID()`, `ALARM()`.
- COMMUNICATION: EXAMPLE: `PIPE()`, `SEND()`, `RECV()`.

---
Slide 3: System Programs
-What are System Programs
- Definition: Programs that provide a convenient environment for program
development and execution.
- Serve as a bridge between the user and the system.
- Types of system programs: File manipulation, status information, file
modification, programming language support, program loading and execution,
communications.

Difference between System Calls and System Programs


- System Calls: Low-level functions that directly interact with the OS.
- System Programs: Higher-level functions that provide user-friendly interfaces for
system calls.
Topic 2 : Layered Approach
to System Design
Slide 4: Layered Approach to System
Design
**
- What is a Layered Approach?
- Definition: Structuring an operating system into layers, where each layer builds on top of
the lower one.
- Each layer provides services to the layer above it and relies on the layer below it.

- Advantages of Layered Design


- Modularity: Easier to debug and maintain.
- Abstraction: Separation of concerns; each layer has a specific role.
- Security and Reliability: Higher layers can't interfere with lower layers.

-Example of a Layered OS
- Mention of classic examples like UNIX, which is partially layered, and how modern OSs use
layers.
Slide 5:

Diagram of Layered System Design

Visual Representation
- A diagram showing typical layers in an OS:
1. Hardware
2. Kernel (e.g., process management, memory management)
3. System Call Interface
4. User-Level Programs (e.g., shell, application programs)
- Discuss how control flows between layers.
Diagram
Topic 3:Mechanism and
Policy
Slide 6: Mechanism and Policy

What is Mechanism
- Definition: The methods or procedures by which the OS provides functionality (the "how").
- Example: A file system’s mechanism could be how files are stored and accessed.

- What is Policy
- Definition: The rules or strategies for using mechanisms (the "what" and "when").
- Example: File access policies might define who can access or modify a file.

Separation of Mechanism and Policy


- Importance: Allows flexibility in the OS; mechanisms can be reused, while policies can be changed as
needed.
- Example: An OS may use the same scheduling mechanism for processes but apply different
scheduling policies (e.g., FIFO, Round Robin).
Slide 7: Mechanism vs. Policy
Example
- Example: CPU Scheduling
- Mechanism: The underlying method by which processes are scheduled
on the CPU.
- Policy: The strategy used to decide which process to run next (e.g.,
priority scheduling, shortest job first).

- Advantages of Separating Mechanism and Policy


- Flexibility to change policies without altering mechanisms.
- Easier to optimize and adapt to new requirements.
Slide 8: Conclusion

- Summary of Key Points


- System Calls and System Programs: Interface and tools for interacting with the OS.
- Layered Approach: A modular, layered design helps in managing complexity.
- Mechanism and Policy: Separation enhances flexibility and adaptability of the OS.

- Closing Remarks
- Understanding these foundational concepts is crucial for studying more advanced topics in
Operating Systems.
- Invite questions and discussion.
THANK YOU

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