Emergent

Literature
The New Emerging
Genres of Literature
 Creative Nonfiction
• Also known as literary non-fiction or narrative non-fiction. It is a genre
of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually
accurate narratives. Contrasts with other non-fiction, such as
technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact,
but is not primarily written in service to its craft. As a genre, creative
non-fiction is still relatively young, and is only beginning to be
scrutinized with the same critical analysis given to fiction and poetry
• It is a rich mix of flavors, ideas and techniques, some of which are
newly invented and others as old as writing itself. Creative nonfiction
can be an essay, a journal article, a research paper, a memoir, or a
poem; it can be personal or not.
 Characteristics of Creative
Nonfiction
1. Fact. The writing must be based on fact, rather than fiction. It cannot
be made up
2. Extensive research. The piece of writing is based on primary research
3. Reportage/reporting. The writer must be able to document events or
personal experiences
4. Personal experience and personal opinion. Often, the writer includes
personal experience, feelings, thoughts, and opinions
5. Explanation/Exposition. The writer is required to explain the personal
experience or topic to the reader
6. Essay format. Creative nonfiction is often written in essay format
 Elements of Creative Non-
fiction
1. Setting
2. Descriptive Imagery - it is the way the writer paints the scene, or
image, in the mind of the reader
3. Plot
4. Scope - refers to the boundaries of plot
5. Sequence - the order of the events—will determine your reader’s
experience (Freytag's Pyramid: Chronological)
6. Nonlinear Narrative - may be told in a series of flashbacks or
vignettes.
 Elements of Creative Non-
fiction
7. Pacing - pacing determines how quickly readers move
through the story
8. Characters – (round, flat, static, dynamic)
9. Point of View - the position from which your story is told
will help shape your reader’s experience (first, second, third-
limited, third-omniscient, stream of consciousness)
10. Dialogue - the communication between two or more
characters
 The 5 R’s of Creative
Nonfiction
1. Real life
2. Reflection
3. Research
4. Reading
5. Writing
 Types of Creative Nonfiction
1. Personal Essay. Based on personal experience or a single event
2. Memoir. Constructs a true story about a time or period in his/life, one
that had significant personal meaning
3. Literary journalism essay. Crafts an essay about an issue or topic using
literary devices
4. Autobiography. Composes his/her life story, from birth to the present
5. Travel Writing. Articles or essays about travel using literary devices
6. Food writing. Stories about food and cuisine using literary devices
7. Profiles. Biographies or essays on real people using literary devices
 Hyper Poetry
• Or Cyberpoetry is a form of digital poetry that uses links
using hypertext mark-up. It is a very visual form, and is
related to hypertext fiction and visual arts. The links mean
that a hypertext poem has no set order, the poem moving or
being generated in response to the links that the reader/user
chooses. It can either involve set words, phrases, lines, etc.
that are presented in variable order but sit on the page much
as traditional poetry does, or it can contain parts of the
poem that move and / or mutate
 Elements of Hyper Poetry
1. Kairos - With the digital revolution, there is a growing number
of writers using electronic media to create and publish their
works
2. Audience
3. Content
4. Formal Features - Hypertext poems include "hypertextual
features" which are mostly composed of hyperlinks that lead to
a nonlinear reading of the text
5. Ancestral Genres - One ancestral genre to hypertext poetry is
the hypertext.
 Chick Literature
• It consists of heroin-centered narratives that
focus on the trials and tribulations of their
individual protagonists. It often addresses issues
of modern womanhood – from romantic
relationships to female friendships to matters in
the workplace – in humorous and lighthearted
ways
 Features of Chick Literature
• They all feature a woman in her twenties or thirties as a protagonist
• The novels are mostly set in urban environments, most notably New York or
London
• The protagonists are career-women
• The protagonists are often single although they usually all end up with
someone
• Fashion often plays a big role in a chick-lit novels. The characters can either
be obsessed with it or the plot itself can be centered around fashion industry
• The book covers often reflect this trend - they may feature articles of
clothing, martinis, parties and other symbols of a glamorous lifestyle
 Illustrated Novel
• Generally, 50% of the narrative is presented
without words. The reader must interpret the
images in order to comprehend the complete
story. Textual portions are presented in
traditional form. Some illustrated novels may
contain no text at all. Illustrated novels span all
genres.
Elements of Illustrated Novel
1. Panel - A distinct segment of the comic, containing images and text
2. Frame - The lines and borders that contain the panels
3. Gutter - The space between framed panels
4. Bleed - An image that extends to and/or beyond the edge of page
5. Captions - Boxes containing a variety of text elements (setting,
description)
6. Speech Balloon - Enclose dialogue that comes from a specific
speaker's mouth and can vary in size, shape and layout
7. External Dialogue - Dialogue between two or more characters
Elements of Illustrated Novel
8. Internal dialogue - Thought enclosed by a balloon that has a series of
dots or bubbles leading up to it
9. Special-effect lettering - Lettering that draws attention to text; often
highlights onomatopoeia and impact words (wow, bang)
10. Closure - The reader's completion of meaning between panels
11. Long shot - Images that show objects fully from top to bottom
12. Extreme long shot - Images that show images or characters in a really
small scale
13. Close-Up - Images shown in a large view
14. Extreme close-up - Image shown in a very large view
Elements of Illustrated Novel
15. Splash page - A panel that takes up the whole page of a
comic
16. Splash panel - A panel that takes up the space of several
panels in a comic
17. Palette - The colors used in a comic
18. Emanata - Text or icons that represent what is going on in
the character's head
19. Spread - Two facing pages in a printed book
Elements of Illustrated Novel
20. Inset - A panel contained within a larger panel
21. Speed lines - Lines that represent motion
22. Reverse - Images in the opposite position from the
previous panel
23. Signs - Text labels written on objects in comics
24. Voice over - A narratory block in which a narrator
or character shares special information with the reader
 Graphic Novel
• Graphic novels use a sequence of illustrations to tell a story.
They use the same text bubble and image panel format that
we find in comics, but unlike comics which are serialized,
graphic novels are published in book format, and usually tell
a stand-alone, complete story. This again makes them
different from comic books which are usually just a bound
collection of comic strips which were previously published as
a periodical serial. Graphic novels, are also very diverse
because they are a format – so they can cover any genre and
any topic
 Elements of Graphic Novel
• linguistic (written language)
• visual (mood through colours, shading, composition
etc.)
• gestural (body and facial language)
• spatial (panels, layout …)
• symbolic (icons, balloons, visual representations and
emanata)
 Text-talk Novels
• The story was told through dialogues in the
social network. The information of the
whole work can be read at the 122
websites, and exchange by chat or using
any. Stories told almost completely in
dialogue simulating social network
exchanges
 Characteristics of a Text-talk Novel

1.Cliff hangers are common

2.Vowels are not written in SMS slang
3.Plots are usually about love and passion
4.There are times that you need to pay
for the next episodes
 Manga
• In Japan, Manga art is highly respected for its ability to
create distinctive characters and imaginative stories. It
is a pop culture phenomenon that has spun off from
simply art and comic stories to Anime fairs,
merchandise, and movies. The characteristics of Magna
characters have made all this possible. From the faces
and hair to the clothing, accessories, and over
exaggerated emotions, Manga is in a world all to its
own.
 Elements of Manga
1.Face
2.Hair
3.Clothing and accessories
4.Exaggerated emotions
 Doodle Fiction
• A literary presentation where the author
incorporates doodle drawings and hand
written graphics in place of traditional font
• Drawings enhance the story, often adding
humorous elements that would be missing if
the illustrations were omitted
 Characteristics of a
Doodle Fiction
1. Simple drawings that can have concrete representational
meaning or may just be composed of random and abstract
lines
2. Doodling engages the brain's “executive resources” -
processes that help us plan, multitask and concentrate
3. It also acts as a mediator between the spectrum of thinking
too much or thinking too little and helps focus on the
current situation
 Elements of a Doodle Fiction
1. Plot
2. Characters
3. Setting
4. Point of View
5. Theme
6. Style
 Flash Fiction
• Flash fiction goes by many names, including micro-
fiction, micro-stories, short-shorts, short-short stories,
very short stories, sudden fiction, postcard fiction and
nano-fiction
• While it can be difficult to pinpoint an exact definition
of flash fiction based on word count, consideration of
several of its features can help provide clarity, like its
brevity, length, background and purpose
 Flash Fiction
•Microfiction
•Nanofiction
•The short-short
 What Are the Rules of Flash
Fiction?
• Flash fiction is the modern term given to a very short story,
usually one under 500 words in length
• There is no standard definition and some people argue the
term only applies to stories of less than 300 words and
others say that any story under 1,000 words qualifies
• Whatever the agreed length of flash fiction, it should still
contain all the elements that you would expect to find in a
longer story
 Elements of Flash Fiction
1. Flash fiction must have a beginning, middle and an end
2. For the story to have impact there should be some change in action or
motivation of the protagonist
3. The reader needs to feel that there is some kind of resolution by the
end of the story
4. Writing to such a tight brief is difficult
5. It is a different skill to that of writing a novel
6. Flash fiction requires brevity
7. An author needs to convey character and plot in a succinct manner and
make every word count
 Six-Word Flash Poetry
• Six-Word Stories are especially challenging
to write
• They have no beginning, middle, or end, but
tell an entire story in only six words
 Elements of Six-Word Flash Fiction

1.Realistic Characters/Settings
2.Solid Plot/Structure
3.Gripping Conflict/Tension
4.An Excellent Editor
 Blog
• A blog is an online journal or informational website
displaying information in the reverse chronological
order, with the latest posts appearing first
• It is a platform where a writer or even a group of
writers share their views on an individual subject
 Elements of Blog
1. A Blog Must Always Be Dynamic - A website is therefore static, as opposed to a blog
that must be dynamic. The information offered by websites is presented on static
pages, in the form of an evergreen content that doesn’t require any updates. Blog
posts, on the other hand, are like diary entries; they include a publishing date and
meta tags. New entries and regular updates are key to running any kind of blog
2. Posts Are Displayed in Reverse Order - Unlike with a personal diary written in a
notebook, blog entries are displayed in reverse chronological order – the newest
posts being on top
3. Most Blogs Have the Same Structure - First comes a header with the menu or
navigation bar to declutter the page and make a great first impression. It’s followed
up by the main content area on which blog posts appear either by order of
publishing or by relevance. Down below are contact pages, privacy policies, and
relevant links, neatly arranged in a footer
 Elements of Blog
4. The Blog’s Leading Star Is Its Content - Different blogs publish
different types of posts, though a majority of them relies on the power
of the written word. Depending on the author’s intention, an article is
typically an opinion piece, an instructional guide, or a news post.
Monotonous chunks of text are separated with images or videos
5. Headlines Should Be Attention Grabbers - Naming a blog post is an
art by itself. There’s a whole philosophy behind writing article headlines
– a compelling one can truly silence the noise, instantly generating
clicks, driving traffic, and enticing a reader to read on.