Signal converion
Sampling basics
By riya choudhary
Why we need sampling?
ADC
• Generally signals are analog in nature (eg:speech
weather,speech).
• To process the analog signal by digital means, it is
essential to convert them to discrete-time signal , and
then convert them to a sequence of numbers.
• The process of converting an analog to digital signal is
‘Analog-to-Digital Conversion’.
• The ADC involves three steps which are: 1)Sampling
2)Quantization 3)coding
Types of signal
• Analog signals: continuous in time and amplitude –
Example: voltage, current, temperature,…
• Digital signals: discrete both in time and amplitude –
Example: attendance of this class,
• Discrete-time signal: discrete in time, continuous in
amplitude
Sampling
• During sampling process, a continuous-time signal is
converted into discrete -time signals by taking samples
of continuous-time signal at discrete time intervals.
Figure
Sampling theorem
•Sampling theorem gives the criteria for minimum
number of samples that should be taken.
•Sampling criteria:-”Sampling frequency must be twice
of the highest frequency”
fs=2W
fs=sampling frequency
w=higher frequency content
It also known as Nyquist rate
Nyquist rate
•Nyquist rate is defined as the minimum sampling rate for
the perfect reconstruction of the continuous time signals
from samples.
•Nyquist rate=2*highest frequency component
=2*W
•So sampling rate must be greater than or equal to nyquist
rate
Aliasing
Aliasing is an undesirable effect that occurs in sampled
systems when the sampling frequency is too low, causing
signal frequencies to overlap.
This means
F<2w
Figure
Thankyou
