Rectangular

Coordinate
System
Lesoon 1 : Catersian
Plane
Learning Competency
The learner illustrates the rectangular coordinate system and its
uses. M8AL-Ie-1

2
Identify the coordinate of the following points.

D E A F B C

1. A =-3
2. B =4
3. C =6
4. D =-7
5. E =
-5
6. F =
1/2
3
 RENE
DESCARTES
“French Mathematician”
“ FATHER OF MODERN MATHEMATICS”
y-axis

x-axis

Catersian Plane or Rectangular coordinate

system
 y-axis
The Cartesian Plane is
composed of two
perpendicular number lines QI
QII
that meet at a point called
(-,+) (+,+)
the origin whose
coordinate/ordered pair/points ORIGIN
is (0,0) and divide the plane (0,0)
into four regions. x-axis

The values of the x-

coordinate also known as
abscissa and the y- QIII QIV
coordinate, known as (-,-) (+,-)
ordinate.
Example:
(2, 3), (-3, 2), (-6, -1/2),
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Are you sleeping (Brother
John)
X and y………. (2x)
Ordered pair (2x)
X for abscissa
Y for ordinate
(X , Y) is a point

X and y………. (2x)

Ordered pair (2x)
X for abscissa
Y for ordinate
I LOVE MATH (2X)

6
How do we know the location of the point/s?
1. Start first with the origin. The origin will serve
as your reference point.

STEP
2. Look at the ordered pair given. The first value
of the ordered pair is the abscissa. If the sign
is positive, the direction of the point moves
along the right side of the x – axis. And if the
sign is negative, the direction of the point
moves along the left side of the x – axis.
S
3. To locate the second value of the ordered pair
(ordinate). The reference point will be the
position of the abscissa in step 2. If the sign
is positive, it moves upward as many units as
the number requires. And if the sign is
negative, it moves downward as many units
as the number requires.
7
 coordinates Quadrant
Locate the coordinates S(8,1) QI
M(-8,-2) QIII
y-axis
A(-1,1) QII
R(0,0) ORIGIN
T(2,-6) QIV

E
A S
N R x-axis
M

T
E(0,3)
N(-3,0)

8
 LET’S PRACTICE
Activity 1: Give the coordinates
of each point and its quadrant.
coordinates Quadrant
A(4,6) QI
A
B B(-5,4) QII
C(0,0) ORIGIN
C
D D(1,-1) QIV
E(0,-6) Y-AXIS
E

9
 LET’S PRACTICE
Activity 2: Plot the following
points in the Cartesian plane.
A(0,3) F(-9,7)

F I B(-2,-5) G(-10,3)
C(10,1) H(1,0)
G A
C D(0,0) I(0.8)
J D H E(7,-3) J(-9,0)

E
B

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 LESSON 2:
ILLUSTRATING
LINEAR EQUATIONS
IN TWO VARIABLES
Learning Competency
The learner illustrates linear equations in two variables.
M8AL-Ie-3

11
 The sum of twice a number and four times another number
is 18.
What are the numbers?
REPRESENTATION:
Let X be the first number and EQUATION:
y be the second number 2x + 4y =
18
2x + 4y = 18 is a linear equation in two
variables
Note: A linear equation in two variables:
1. have only two variables in the equation
2. is of degree 1 or the highest exponent that can be seen in the equation
is 1
3. written in standard form: Ax+By=C or slope-intercept form: y=mx+b or
can be rewritten in these forms
12
LET’S PRACTICE:
Activity 1: Determine whether the equation
is a linear equation in two variables.
1. 5x = 10 + 3y LINEAR EQUATION
_________________
LINEAR EQUATION
2. y = 4x + 9 _________________
3. 3x2 – y = 9 NOT
_________________
4. 3x + y = 20 LINEAR EQUATION
_________________
NOT
5. xy = 15 _________________

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￮ In solving the above problem we can make a table to see the
possible pairs of numbers that satisfy the equation: 2x +4y = 18
￮ If x=1, substitute the value of x to 2x +4y = 18
￮ 2(1)+4y=18
￮ 2+ 4y=18 X Y
￮ 4y=18-2 1 4
￮ 4y=16, dividing both sides by 4 3 3
5 2
￮ y=4
7 1
￮ If x=3, substitute the value of x to 2x +4y = 18
9 0
￮ 2(3)+4y=18
￮ 6+ 4y=18
We can represent the table of
￮ 4y=18-6 values above using ordered pairs
￮ 4y=12, dividing both sides by 4 (1,4), (3,3), (5,2), (7,1), and (9,0).
￮ y=3 14
 How to find the solution of a linear equation in two
variables?
In solving linear equation in one variable, we find a value of a
variable that will satisfy the equation. This is called solution to the
equation.
Solution to a Linear Equation in Two Variables
Examples:
1. Determine whether or not the given ordered pair is a solution to
the equation.
x– 3y = 7; (–5, –4) 5x + 2y = –8; (–3, 2)

–5 – 3(–4) = 7 Substitute 5(–3) + 2(2) = –8 Substitute

–5 + 12 = 7 Simplify –15 + 4 = –8 Simplify
7 = 7 True –11 = –8 False
(–5, –4) is a solution –11 ≠ –8
(–3, 2) is not a solution

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2. If x = 1, find the value of y in the equation x + y =
2

x+y=2
1+y=2 Substitute x = 1 to the
equation
–1 + 1 + y = 2 – 1 Add –1 on both sides of the
equation (Addition Property of
Equality)
y=1 Simplify (Multiplication 16
Property)
LET’S PRACTICE:
Activity 2: Determine if the given ordered pair is a
solution of x + 4y = 7.
1. (3, 1) SOLUTION . Note:
2. (–1, 2) SOLUTION
_________________ You have to substitute the value of x
3. (2, –1)NOT A SOLUTION
_________________ and y in the given expression.
4. (0, 0) _________________
NOT A SOLUTION x+4y =7; (3,1)
5. (11, –1) SOLUTION
_________________ 3+4(1) =7 Substitute
3+ 4 = 7 Simplify
7= 7 True
(3,1) is a SOLUTION in the equation
x+4y= 7
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LESSON 3: SLOPE OF A
LINE
Learning Competency
The learner illustrates and finds the slope
of a line given two points, equation and
graph. (M8AL-Ie-3)

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 SLOPE
change in vertical distance, 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 to the change in the
The steepness of a line can be measured by the ratio of the

horizontal 𝑥2 − 𝑥1, between any two points on the line. This

numerical value called the slope of a line represented by m.

FORMULA:
𝑦 2 − 𝑦 𝑅𝐼𝑆𝐸
1⋅ 𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐼𝐶𝐴𝐿 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸
𝑚= ¿ ¿
𝐻𝑂𝑅𝐼𝑍𝑂𝑁𝑇𝐴𝐿𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸
𝑥2− 𝑥1 𝑅𝑈𝑁
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 How to find the slope of a line?
1. Determining
Note: the
is read as “y subslope given
1”. The two 1
number points.
is called subscript.
Example: Find the slope of the line with the points (–2, 1) and (4,
6).
Solution: (–2, 1) and (4, 6)

6 −1
𝑚=
4 − ( −2 )
5 Remember: It doesn’t matter which
𝑚= ordered pair is selected as .
4 +2
5
𝑚=
6 20
How to find the slope of a line?
rise
𝑚=
2. Determining the slope of a line by graphing
𝑟𝑢𝑛

, , m= 2

Remember:
RISE is positive when you move
upward and negative if you move
downward.
RUN is positive when you move to
the right and negative when you
move to the left.
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How to find the slope of a line?
3. Determining
If given the there
an equation, slopeare
of a line
two using
ways thethe
to find equation.
slope. First, we
identify the slope given an equation by rewriting the given
equation to the slope – intercept form, y = mx + b, where m is
the slope.

Example: Identify the slope of the equation,

3x – 2y – 10 = 0.

3x-3x-2y-10+10 =-3x+10
-2y= -3x+10

y-5
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LET’S
PRACTICE:
1. Find the slope of the line
through the given pair of points (–
2, –4) and (2, 0).

2. Find the slope of the line given

the graph.

3. Find the slope of the line given

the equation 3x – y = 6.

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