ICE-2109: DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

Dr. Mohammad Amzad Hossain

Associate Professor
Department of Information & Communication Engineering
Noakhali Science & Technology University
 What is Digital Logic Design?
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 Digital Logic Design is foundation to the electronic engineering

and computer engineering field. Digital logic design is the basis
of electronic systems, such as computers and cell phones.

 Digital logic design is the underlying logic system that drives

electronic circuit design. Digital logic is the manipulation of
binary values through electronic circuit board technology that
uses circuits and logic gates to construct the implementation of
computer operations.
 Digital logic design is used to develop hardware, such as circuit
boards and microchip processors. This hardware processes user
input according to some logic to produce the output.
 Why we study digital logic design as a
ICE student?
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Digital logic design is a fundamental and crucial aspect of ICE

student for several reasons:
Foundation for Computer Architecture: Digital logic design

forms the basis for understanding and designing computer

architectures. It involves the study of how digital circuits and
systems are constructed using logic gates, flip-flops, and other
building blocks.
Understanding Binary Representation: Computers use binary

representation for data storage and processing. Digital logic design

helps to understand how binary digits (bits) are manipulated and
processed in electronic circuits. This knowledge is essential for
programming, algorithm design, and data manipulation.
 Why we study digital logic design as a
ICE student?
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 Logic Design for Algorithms and Software: While ICE/CSE

students primarily focus on software development, understanding
digital logic helps in developing more efficient algorithm and
software.
 Hardware-Software Interface: Computer systems involve both
hardware and software components. Digital logic design bridges
the gap between these two domains.
 Embedded Systems Design: Many software applications run on
embedded systems, where the software is closely integrated with
specific hardware. Digital logic design is crucial for ICE/CSE
students working on embedded systems, as it helps them design
and optimize the hardware components of such systems.
 Why we study digital logic design as a
ICE student?
5

 Problem-Solving Skills: Digital logic design helps students to

think logically, solve complex problems, and design efficient
circuits. These problem-solving skills are transferable to various
areas of information and communication and engineering,
contributing to a well-rounded education.

 Processor Architecture: Understanding the digital logic behind

processor architecture is fundamental for students who want to
delve into topics such as computer organization, microprocessor
design, and assembly language programming.
 What is Number System?
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 A number system is defined as a system of writing to express

numbers. It is the mathematical notation for representing numbers
of a given set by using digits or other symbols in a consistent
manner. It provides a unique representation of every number.
 Generally, we use decimal number system in our daily life, but
this number system is not convenient for machines (for electronic
devices).
 Almost every computer and digital device is powered by the
binary number system, because it is very easy to implement in
electronic circuits via logic gates.
 Why do we need to convert numbers from binary to decimal
numbering and vice versa in computer systems?
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 In computer systems, binary (base 2) is used to represent data

because it is a simple and efficient way to represent and
manipulate information using electronic devices.
 However, most people are more familiar with decimal (base 10)
notation because it is very easy to understand for human, but
computer or other electronic devices are not understand the
decimal number system. On the other hand, the binary number
system is very convenient for computer and other electronic
devices, but binary number system is not easy to understand for
human.
 Therefore, it is often necessary to convert decimal number to
binary number for taking user input for computer and binary
number to decimal number for displaying computer output.
 Computer Number Systems and its types
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 Computer architecture supports following number

systems:

1. Binary number system

2. Octal number system
3. Decimal number system
4. Hexadecimal (hex) number system
 Computer Number Systems and its types
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1. Binary Number System

A Binary number system has only two digits that are 0 and 1. Every
number (value) represents with 0 and 1 in this number system. The
base of binary number system is 2, because it has only two digits.

2. Octal number system

Octal number system has only eight (8) digits from 0 to 7. Every
number (value) represents with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in this
number system. The base of octal number system is 8, because it has
only 8 digits.
 Computer Number Systems and its types
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3. Decimal number system

Decimal number system has only ten (10) digits from 0 to 9. Every
number (value) represents with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in this
number system. The base of decimal number system is 10, because
it has only 10 digits.

4. Hexadecimal number system

A Hexadecimal number system has sixteen (16) alphanumeric
values from 0 to 9 and A to F. Every number (value) represents with
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F in this number system.
The base of hexadecimal number system is 16, because it has 16
alphanumeric values. Here A is 10, B is 11, C is 12, D is 13, E is
14 and F is 15.
 Table of the Numbers Systems with Base, Used
Digits, and Representation
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 Number System Conversions
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 There are three types of conversion:

1. Decimal Number System to Other Base

[for example: Decimal Number System to Binary Number System]
2. Other Base to Decimal Number System
[for example: Binary Number System to Decimal Number System]
3. Other Base to Other Base
[for example: Binary Number System to Hexadecimal Number System]
 Decimal Number System to Other
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Base
To convert number system from Decimal number system to any
other base is quite easy; you have to follow just two steps:

A)Divide the Number (Decimal Number) by the base of target base

system (in which you want to convert the number: Binary (2), octal
(8) and Hexadecimal (16)).

B)Write the remainder from step 1 as a Least Signification Bit (LSB)

to Step last as a Most Significant Bit (MSB).
 Decimal to Binary Conversion
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 Decimal to Binary Conversion (Float Numbers)
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 Decimal to Octal Conversion
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 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
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 Other Base System to Decimal
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Number Base
 To convert Number System from Any Other Base System to
Decimal Number System, you have to follow just three steps:

 A) Determine the base value of source Number System (that you

want to convert), and also determine the position of digits from
LSB (first digit’s position 0, second digit’s position 1 and so on).
 B) Multiply each digit with its corresponding multiplication of
position value and Base of Source Number System’s Base.
 C) Add the resulted value in step-B
 Binary to Decimal Conversion
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 Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal
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Conversion
 Other Base to Other Base
Shortcut method - Binary to Octal
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 Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of three

(starting from the right).
 Step 2 − Convert each group of three binary digits to one
octal digit.
 Shortcut method - Octal to Binary
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 Step 1 − Convert each octal digit to a 3 digit binary number (the
octal digits may be treated as decimal for this conversion).
 Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 3 digits
each) into a single binary number.
 Shortcut method - Binary to Hexadecimal
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 Step 1 − Divide the binary digits into groups of four (starting
from the right).
 Step 2 − Convert each group of four binary digits to one
hexadecimal symbol.
 Shortcut method - Hexadecimal to Binary
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Step 1 − Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4 digit binary number

(the hexadecimal digits may be treated as decimal for this
conversion).
Step 2 − Combine all the resulting binary groups (of 4 digits each)
into a single binary number.