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Lecture 2 {Series Parallel Circuit}

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4 views

Lecture 2 {Series Parallel Circuit}

Uploaded by

asmaghaf.203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Series And Parallel Circuits

Series Circuit
When components are connected in a straight line
such that the current flowing in the circuit doesn’t
have any other alternative path to flow, the circuit is
called series circuit.

Node
Node

Node Node
Node: Node refers to any point in a circuit
where two or more device are connected
together.
Series Circuit Facts And Rules
 Current in Series Circuit at all points remains same.
 Voltage in Series Circuit divides on components in the
circuit.
 Voltage divider can be used for finding voltage drop on
different resistors connected in series.
Voltage Divider Formula =>
 KVL (Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law) the sum of voltage drop
on all resistors in series circuit is equal to applied voltage
VEMF = V1 + V2 + V3
 Resistances in series connection adds up directly to give
total resistance R tot = R1 + R2 + R3
Q1) For the circuit given below find the following

(a) Total Resistance


(b) V1 and V2 using voltage divider
(c) find V3 using KVL
(d) find the current flowing between R 1 and R2
Resistance String In Series

Adding resistances of resistors connected in series makes up


string. For example for the circuit given in question above
string is 100Ω + 300Ω + 50Ω = 450Ω
Parallel Circuit Facts And Rules
 Voltage drop on Parallel connected components remains same.
 Current divides among components connected in Parallel.
 Resistances in Parallel connection adds up reciprocally to give total
resistance
= + +
 Current divider can be used for finding current flowing in different
resistors connected in Parallel.
Current Divider Formula =>
 KCL (Kirchhoff’s Current Law) the total current I tot that leaves the
battery should be equal to the sum of current in individual branches
of parallel circuit.
I tot = I1 + I2 + I3
Q1) For the circuit given below find the following

(a) Total Resistance.


(c) Write the value of V1 and V2.
(b) Current in ammeter A1 and A2 using V = I * R.
(d) Find A3 using Current Divider.
(d) Find A4 using KCL.
Resistance Banks In Series
R3 is connected in series with the parallel combination of R 1||
R2 therefore Current I total must divide between I1 and I2 , as R1
and R2 are in parallel connection therefore the voltage V 1 and
V2 are of same value, this is why resistor banks are used to
have same voltage on different resistances connected in
parallel combination.
We will calculate Voltages =>> V1 , V2 and V3
And also we will calculate Current =>> I1 , I2 and I total
For the circuit given above.

Solution:
Step 1) calculating total resistance R3 + R1 || R2
R1 || R2 => =

R combination = )-1
= = 75Ω
R total = R3 + R combination = 50 + 75 = 125 Ω
Step 2) Using V = I * R =>> I total = = 0.072A or 72mA
Solution Continued:
Step 3) Using V = I * R =>> V3 = 72mA * 50Ω = 3.6V
Step 4) Using KVL finding the voltage drop on the
combination of R1 and R2 that is V1 and V2 {as we know V1 =
V2 because of parallel connection} therefore
V1 = V2 = Vapplied – 3.6V = 5.4V

Step 5) Using V = I * R we will find I1 and I2 =>>

I1 = = 0.054A or 54mA
I2 = = 0.018A or 18mA
Verifying for total current
I total = I1 + I2 = 54mA + 18mA = 72mA
Resistance Banks and Strings In Series-Parallel

Resistance Strings
Resistance Bank
Resistance Banks And Strings Circuit Solving Guide Line

1) Identify nodes (point where two or more devices are connected) in


the circuit.
2) Identify the nodes between which same current follows then these
components are connected in series and series circuit rule of
SIMPLE RESISTANCE ADDITION, VOLTAGE DIVISION and
SAME CURRENT should be used for circuit simplification.
3) Identify the nodes on which current divides between components
then these components are connected in parallel and parallel
circuit rule of RECIPROCAL RESISTANCE ADDITION,
CURRENT DIVISION and SAME VOLTAGE should be used for
their simplification.

SUCH CIRCUITS ARE COMBINATION OF SERIES AND PARALLEL


CONNECTED RESISTANCES
Q) Series parallel circuit in class Example

a) Find total circuit resistance ?


b) Find total current ?
c) Find current through resistor R5 ?
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
This is the circuit which is used to determine the value of the unknown
resistance Rx. Resistors R1 and R2 have created a voltage divider and
there is also the voltage divider pair of Variable Resistor and Rx between
points C and D Galvanometer (sensitive current meter) is connected
Variable Resistor is varied until the deflection of galvanometer is at 0 at
this point VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE b/w points C and D is zero and
then unknown resistor can be found using ratio of

A
I1 I2

C D

B
ASSIGNMENT

Do questions from Book GROB’s BASIC ELECTRONICS 10th EDITION

Problem 6-9 page # 202


Problem 6-12 page # 203
Problem 6-20 page # 204
Problem 6-35 page # 207

Submission next class

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