Unit IV

Arithmetic Progression

Sequence: In mathematics, the sequence is a

collection or list of numbers that have a
logical/sequential order or pattern between them.
For example, is a sequence having a difference of
between each consecutive next term and each term
can be represented in form where is the nth term of
the sequence.
 What is Arithmetic Sequence?
In the arithmetic sequence, the absolute difference between one term
and the next term is constant. In other words, a sequence is called an
arithmetic sequence or arithmetic progression if where is constant
and it is the common difference of the sequence.
 Let’s make a general example of an Arithmetic Progression as
follows:

Where
is the first term of Arithmetic Sequence
is a common difference between any two consecutive terms of
 Examples of Arithmetic Sequence
Example 1: Sequence of even number having difference
Here in the above example, the first term of the sequence is and
the common difference is
Example 2:
In this sequence, the common difference is . Each term is obtained
by adding to the preceding term.
Example 3:
In this sequence, the common difference is . Each term is obtained
by subtracting from the preceding term.
Question . Show that each of the following sequences is an A.P. Also, find the common
difference and write more terms in each case.

Solution:
We have,

Since,

Therefore, It is an A.P with common difference

The other three terms are as follows:
Cont…

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)
 Term of Arithmetic Sequence
Let’s consider an example of Arithmetic Sequence

6 6+0.10=6

6+10 6+1.10=16

6+10+10 6+2.10=26

6+10+10+10 6+3.10=36

6+10+10+10+10 6+4.10=46

6+10+10+10+10+10 6+5.10=56

6+10+10+10+10+10+10 6+6.10=66

and so on. . .
 Thus, the term of the given example can be generalized as .
 In general, this is the standard explicit formula of an arithmetic
sequence whose first term is, and the common difference is is
given as follows:
an = a + (n-1)×d

Arithmetic Series
The sum of terms of an Arithmetic Sequence is called Arithmetic Series.
We use the sum of terms formula of the arithmetic sequence to find the
sum of the arithmetic series.
Question . If the term of a sequence is given by , write down its first five terms.

Solution:
We have,
Putting value in equation (1), we get

Putting value in equation (1), we get

Putting value in equation (1), we get

Putting value in equation (1), we get

Putting value in equation (1), we get

Hence, the five terms of the given term is

Question . The term of a sequence is given by Show that it is an A.P. Also, find its term.

Solution:
We have,
Now,

Since,

The common difference , Therefore it is an A.P.

Thus, the term is given by:
 Exercise

Question . Find the first four terms of the sequence defined

by and for all .

Question . The term of a sequence is given by Show that it is

not an A.P.

Question . Find
i) term of AP
term of AP
term of AP

Question . Which term of the A.P. is 3, 8,

 Solution:3(i)
Solution:1 So we have
We have,and
Now,
So we can calculate term of AP by using
general formula-

Hence, the first four terms are .

Hence, the term is .

Solution:2 Solution:3(ii)
We have, So we have
Now,
(given in Question )
So we can calculate term of AP by using
general formula-
Since,

Therefore, it is not an A.P

Hence the 18th term is
 Solution:4
Solution:3(iii) So we are given
So we have

So term is

Hence the term is

Hence term of this AP is
Sum of terms in Arithmetic Sequence
Let’s sequence is given as .

where, is the first term

•is the last term of the series and
• is the number of terms in the series
Replacing the last term by the term , we get
  Suppose the first term of the arithmetic series is and the common
difference is then the sum of the term of this arithmetic series is
given using the formula,

 If the common difference of the arithmetic series is not given but the
nth term of the series is given (). Then its sum is calculated as,
Question. The sum of and terms of an A.P. is and the sum of the and terms is Find the
First Term and the Common Difference of the A.P.
Solution:
Let’s suppose first term is a and common difference is
d. We are given,

Hence the first term is and

common difference is
Question . If an A.P. is such that

Solution:
Let’s suppose first term is and common difference is .
We are given,

Now, we have to find

Putting value of
Question . The sum of first three terms of an AP is and the product of first and the
third term exceed the second term by , find three terms.

Solution:
We are given that the sum of first three terms are . Let’s suppose these three terms are
So,

And we are given

Putting value of in this equation we can get value of .

For three terms of AP are .

For three terms are
 Exercise

Question . Three numbers are in AP. If sum of these numbers be 27 and

the product 648, find the numbers.

Question . Find the four numbers in AP, whose sum is 50 and in which the
greatest number is 4 times the least.

Question . If the sum of three numbers in AP is 24 and their product is

440. Find the numbers.
Solution:1
We are given that the sum of first three terms are 27. Let’s suppose these three terms
are
So

And we are given

Putting value of in this equation we can get value of .

For three terms of AP are

For three terms are
Solution:2
We are given that the sum of first four terms are 50. Let’s
suppose these four terms are .
So

And we are given greatest number is 4 times the least,

Putting value of , we get

So the four terms of AP are

Solution:3
We are given that the sum of first three terms are . Let’s suppose these
three terms are
So

And we are given

Putting value of in this equation we can get value of .

 Arithmetic Mean Definition
Arithmetic Mean OR (AM) is calculated by taking the sum of all the given
values and then dividing it by the number of values. For evenly
distributed terms arranged in ascending or descending order arithmetic
mean is the middle term of the sequence. The arithmetic mean is
sometimes also called mean, average, or arithmetic average.
 Question : Find A.M. between:
(i) 7 and 13 (ii) 12 and -8 (iii) (x – y) and
(x + y)

Solution: ii)
(i) Let be the Arithmetic Mean of
Let be the Arithmetic Mean of . Then, are in A.P.
Then, Now,
are in A.P.
Now,

(iii)
Let be the Arithmetic Mean of
Then, are in A.P.
Now,
 Question : Insert A.M.s between

Solution:
Let be the A.M.s Between
Then, are in A.P. of terms.
We know,
Question : Insert A.M.s between in such a way that the . Find the number of
A.M.s.

Solution:
Let the series be 7, A1, A2, A3, …….., An, 71
We know total terms in the A.P. series is n + 2.
So, is the term
We know,

Then,

∴ There are 15 terms in the A.P. series.

Question : Insert 7 A.M.s between 2 and 17

Question : Insert five numbers between 8 and 26 such that the

resulting sequence is an A.P.

Question : If x, y, z are in A.P. and A1is the A.M. of x and y, and A2 is the A.M. of y and
z, then prove that the A.M. of A1 and A2 is y.
Solution:1
Let be the A.M.s between
Then, are in A.P. of terms.
We know,

Now,
Solution:2
Let be the numbers between and
Then, are in the A.P. series
We know, So,
Solution:3
Given that,
 What is a Geometric Progression?
A geometric sequence is one in which the ratio between two
consecutive terms is constant. This ratio is known as the common ratio
denoted by ‘r’, where r ≠ 0. Let the elements of the sequence be
denoted by:

Given sequence is a geometric sequence if:

The given sequence can also be written as:

Here, r is the common ratio and a is the scale factor

The common ratio is given by:
r = successive term/preceding term = arn-1 / arn-2
 Finite Geometric Progression
Finite G.P. is a sequence that contains finite terms in a sequence and can be
written as
Examples of Finite GP is
Infinite Geometric Progression
Infinite G.P. is a sequence that contains infinite terms in a sequence and can
be written as a, ar, i.e. it is a sequence that never ends.
Examples of Infinite GP is
Geometric Mean:In arithmetic, the geometric mean is defined as an
average in which the numbers of a sequence are multiplied together and
then its nth root is computed, where n is the number of values in that
series. It can be interpreted as the root of the product of values.
By calculating the root of the product of their values, the geometric mean
denotes the central tendency of a collection of numbers.
For example, if we are given two numbers and , the geometric mean is
given by,
 Nth Term of a Geometric Progression
To find the nth term of a Geometric Sequence, if the given series is in
the form of then
The term is denoted by . Thus, to find the term of a Geometric
Sequence will be :

 nth term from the last term is

given by:
where, is the last term
 Sum of the First n Terms of a Geometric
Progression
Sum of the First n Terms of a Geometric Sequence is
given by:
 Example on Geometric Progression
Example 1: Suppose the first term of a GP is 4 and the common ratio is 5, then the first five
terms of GP are?
Solution:
First term, a = 4
Common ratio, r = 5
Now, the first five term of GP is
a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4
a=4
ar = 4 × 5 = 20
ar2 = 4 × 25 = 100
ar3 = 4 × 125 = 500
ar4 = 4 × 625 = 2500
Thus, the first five terms of GP with first term 4 and common
ratio 5 are:
4, 20, 100, 500, and 2500
Example 2: Find the sum of GP: 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.
Solution:
Given GP is
First term, , Common ratio,
Number of terms,
Sum of GP is given by;
Example 3: If is the GP, then find its term.
Solution:
nth term of GP is given by:
given, GP
Here,
Therefore,
Example 4: Find the sum of first 6 terms of the Sequence:
Solution:
Given Sequence,
Common ratio
first term
Sum of first 6 terms
Example: Given a geometric sequence with and , find
Solution:
The sequence can be written in terms of the initial term and the
common ratio r.
Write the fourth term of sequence in terms of and . Substitute
for. Solve for the common ratio.

Find the second term by multiplying the first term by the common
ratio.
Example. Find the geometric mean of the sequence,
Solution:
We have the sequence,
Product of terms
Number of terms
Using the formula we have,
Problem 3. Find the geometric mean of the sequence,
Solution:
We have the sequence,
Product of terms
Number of terms
Using the formula we have,
GM = (P)1/n
= (15000)1/4
= 11.06
Problem 5. Find the number of terms in a sequence if the
geometric mean is 8 and the product of terms is 4096.
Solution: We have,
Product of terms (P) = 4096
GM of terms = 8
Using the formula we have,
GM = (P)1/n
=> 1/n = log GM/log P
=> n = log P/log GM
=> n = log 4096/log 8
=> n = 4096/8
=> n = 512
 References
1.https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/class-11-rd-
sharma-solutions-chapter-19-arithmetic-
progressions-exercise-19-1/1.
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/class-11-rd-
sharma-solutions-chapter-19-arithmetic-
progressions-exercise-19-6/

3.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/class-11-rd-sharma-
solutions-chapter-19-arithmetic-progressions-exerci
se-19-2-set-1
/