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Lecture 6 - Communication Network

Communication

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8 views

Lecture 6 - Communication Network

Communication

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xondobakar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 6:

Communication
Network

1
Network
A system of two or more
computers, terminals, and
communications devices linked
by wires, cables, or a
telecommunications system in
order to exchange data.
Each device in a network is
called a node.
Terminals are devices that
handle the input and
display of data.
Terminals are data entry
points.
Importance of Networking
Sharing files
Sharing other devices (printers)
Sending messages
Central administration of all
devices
Supporting network
applications like:
E-mail
Database services
TYPES OF NETWORK
Personal Area Network
Local Area Network
Metropolitan Area
Network
Wide Area Network
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
A network for interconnecting electronic
devices organized around an individual for
personal use only.

They typically used for connecting different


devices like smartphones, tablets, printers,
computers, and other digital devices within
the environment of an individual user
(typically within 10 meters).

These types of connections can be done wired


or wireless.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
A network a that connects
computers in a limited
geographical area.
It can be a building or a
group of buildings such as
office, school, factory etc.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
A network which connects
several LANs
It covers a metropolitan area
such as a city and handles
the bulk of communications
activity across that region
WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
A network which connects
several MANs.
Covers a large geographical
area such as a city or country.
Communication channels
include telephone lines,
Microwave, satellites, etc.
Exercise
Explain advantages and
disadvantages of each type of
network above
Network Topologies
Network topology is the way
various
components of a network (like
nodes, links, peripherals, etc.) are
arranged. It can be physical or
logical topology
Physical Topology is the physical
layout of nodes, workstations and
cables in the network.
Types of Network Topologies
1. Bus Topology:
In this type of topology, all the nodes
are connected to the single cable
(called bus)
This central cable is the backbone of
the network and is known as Bus (thus
the name).
Every workstation communicates with
the other device through this bus.
2. Star Topology:
In Star topology, all the
components of network are
connected to the central device
called “hub” which may be a
hub, a router or a switch.

All the workstations are


connected to central device with
a point-to point connection.
3. Ring Topology:
In Ring Topology, all the nodes are
connected to each-other in such a
way that they make a closed loop.
Each workstation is connected to
two other components on either side.
It communicates with these two
adjacent neighbors.
Data travels around the network, in
one direction.
4. Tree Topology:

Tree Topology integrates the


characteristics of Star and Bus
Topology.
In Tree Topology, the number of Star
networks are connected using Bus.

This main cable seems like a main


stem of a tree, and other star networks
as the branches.
5. Mesh Topology
In a mesh network topology, each of
the network node, computer and
other devices, are interconnected
with one another.
Every node not only sends its own
signals but also relays data from
other nodes.

In fact a true mesh topology is the


one where every node is connected
NETWORKING HARDWARE DEVICES
Hub
Switch
Router
Bridge
Gateway
Repeater
HUB
A hub is a device in a network that is commonly
used to connect segments of a LAN.
A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet
arrives at one port, it is copied to the other
ports so that all segments of the LAN can see
all packets.
SWITCH
A network switch is a computer networking
device that connects devices together on a
computer network by using packet switching to
receive, process, and forward data to the
destination device.
GATEWAY
A network gateway is a working system
capable of joining together two networks that
use different base protocols. A network
gateway can be implemented completely in
software, completely in hardware, or as a
combination of both.
BRIDGE
A network bridge is a networking
device that creates a single aggregate
network from multiple communication
networks or network segments. This
function is called network bridging.
ROUTER
A router is a networking device that forwards
data packets between computer networks.
Routers perform the traffic directing functions
on the Internet.
REPEATER
A network device used to regenerate or
replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in
transmission systems to regenerate signals
distorted by transmission loss.
Intranet
An intranet is a private network that
can only be accessed by authorized
users.
Private network (LAN ) used to share
resources in secure environment
Supports all common protocol like
TCP/IP, HTTP and other internet
standard protocols.
Extranet
An intranet that has been extended
to include access to or from selected
external organizations such as
customers, but not general public.

Extranet ( extension of
organization's intranet) an extension
of the intranet of a company or
organization, giving authorized
outsiders controlled access to the
END

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