Operators

Topic/Course
Sub-Topic (Example: name of college)
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and
values.
Topic/Course operators
Sub-Topic (Example: name of college)

• Unary operators
X=Y–1
• Binary operators

• Ternary operators
operands
Operators in Java
• Unary operators • Logical operators
• Arithmetic operators • Ternary operators
• Relational operators • Assignment
• Bitwise operators operators
• instanceof operator
Unary operators
• Unary operator performs operation on only one operand.
• They are used to increment, decrement or negate a
value.
Unary operators
Operator Description Example
++x(prefix)
Increases the value of a variable
++ by 1
x++(postfix)
--x(prefix)
Decreases the value of a variable
-- by 1
x--(postfix)
+ Used for giving positive values +x

- Used for negating the values -x

~ Negating an expression ~x

! Inverting the value of a boolean !x

What is the difference between
++x and x++ ?
1 class OperatorExample{ output
2 public static void main(String args[])
3 {
4 int x=10; 10
5 System.out.println(x++); 12
6 System.out.println(++x); 12
7 System.out.println(x--); 10
10 System.out.println(--x);
11 }
12 }
1 class OperatorExample{ output
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 int a=10;
4 int b=-10; -11
5 boolean c=true; 9
6 boolean d=false; False
7 System.out.println(~a); true
10 System.out.println(~b);
11 System.out.println(!c);
12 System.out.println(!d);
13 }
14 }
Arithmetic operators
• Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical
operations like addition, subtraction etc..
Arithmetic operators
Operator Description Example
+ Adds two values x+y

- Subtracts one value from another x-y

* Multiplies two values x*y

/ Returns the division quotient x/y

% Returns the division remainder x%y

What is the difference between
/ and % ?
1 class OperatorExample{
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 int a=10;
4 int b=5;
5 System.out.println(a+b);
6 System.out.println(a-b);
7 System.out.println(a*b);
10 System.out.println(a/b);
11 System.out.println(a%b);
12 }
13 }

output

15
5
50
2
0
Relational operators
• Relational/Comparison operators are used to compare two
values.

• They return boolean result after the comparison.

Relational operators
Operat Exampl
Description
or e
Returns true if left hand side is equal to right
== x == y
hand side
Returns true if left hand side is not equal to right
!= x != y
hand side
Returns true if left hand side is less than right
< x<y
hand side
Returns true if left hand side is less than or equal
<= x < =y
to right hand side
Returns true if left hand side is greater than right
> x >=y
hand side
1 public class Test { output
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 int a = 10;
4 int b = 20; false
5 System.out.println(a>b); true
6 System.out.println(a<b); false
7 System.out.println(a>=b); true
10 System.out.println(a<=b); false
11 System.out.println(a==b); true
12 System.out.println(a!=b);
13 }
14 }
Bitwise operators
• Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation.

• Can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and
byte.
Bitwise operators
Operator Description Example
& Returns bit by bit AND of input values x&y

| Returns bit by bit OR of input values x|y

^ Returns bit by bit XOR of input values x^y

~ Returns the one’s compliment representation of the input value ~x

<< shifts the bits of the number to the left and fills 0 on voids left as a result x << 2

>> shifts the bits of the number to the right and fills 0 on voids left as a result x >> 2

>>> shifts the bits of the number to the right and fills 0 on voids left as a result x >>>2
1 public class Main { output
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 int a = 10;
4 int b = 20; 0
5 System.out.println(a&b); 30
6 System.out.println(a|b); -11
7 System.out.println(~a); 40
10 System.out.println(a<<2); 2
11 System.out.println(a>>2); 2
12 System.out.println(a>>>2);
13 }
14 }
Logical operators
• The logical operators || (conditional-OR) and && (conditional-
AND) operates on boolean expressions.

• The second condition is not evaluated if the first one is false, i.e.
it has a short-circuiting effect.
Logical operators
Operator Description Example
&& Returns true if both statements are true x < 5 && x < 10

|| Returns true if one of the statements is true x < 5 || x < 4

! Reverse the result, returns false if the result is true !(x < 5 && x < 10)
1 public class Test { output
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 boolean a = true;
4 boolean b = false; false
5 System.out.println(a&&b); true
6 System.out.println(a||b); true
7 System.out.println(!(a && b));
10 }
11 }
Ternary operator
• Ternary/Conditional operator consists of three operands and is
used to evaluate Boolean expressions.
• Ternary operator is a shorthand version of if-else
statement.
• It has three operands and hence the name ternary.
1 class OperatorExample{ output
2 public static void main(String args[]){
3 int a=2;
4 int b=5; 2
5 int min=(a<b)?a:b;
6 System.out.println(min);
7 }
10 }
Assignment operators
• Assignment operator is used to assign a value to any variable.

• In many cases assignment operator can be combined with other

operators to build a shorter version of statement
called Compound Statement.
Assignment operators
Operator Description Example
= Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. C=A+B

+= Adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C += A

Subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left
-= C -= A
operand.
Multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left C *= A
*=
operand.
Divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left C /= A
/=
operand.
%= Takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. C %= A
Assignment operators
Operator Description Example
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator C <<= 2

>>= Right shift AND assignment operator C >>= 2

&= Bitwise AND assignment operator C &= 2

^= Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator C ^= 2

|= Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator C |= 2

What is the difference between
= and == ?
1 class OperatorExample{ output
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 int a=10;
4 a+=3; 13
5 System.out.println(a); 9
6 a-=4; 18
7 System.out.println(a); 9
10 a*=2;
11 System.out.println(a);
12 a/=2;
13 System.out.println(a);
14 }
15 }
instanceof operators
• instanceof operator is used only for object reference variables.

• The operator checks whether the object is of a particular type

(class type or interface type).
1 public class Test { output
2 public static void main(String args[]) {
3 String name = "James";
4 boolean result = name instanceof String;
5 System.out.println( result ); true
6 }
7 }
10
11
Precedence and associativity
• Operator precedence determines which operator is evaluated
first when an expression has more than one operators.

• Associativity is used when there are two or more operators of

same precedence is present in an expression.
1 // Predict the output
2 public class A {
3 public static void main(String[] args)
4 {
5 int $_ = 5;
6 }
7 }
 OUTPUT

1. Nothing
2. Error
1 // Predict the output
2 class Test {
3 public static void main(String args[]) {
4 System.out.println(10 + 20 + “Face");
5 System.out.println(“Face" + 10 + 20);
6 }
7 }
 OUTPUT

1. 30Face Face30
2. 1020Face Face1020
3. 30Face Face1020
4. 1020Face Face30
1 // Predict the output
2 class Test
3 {
4 public static void main(String args[])
5 {
6 String s1 = “FACE";
7 String s2 = “FACE";
8 System.out.println("s1 == s2 is:" + s1 == s2);
9 }
10 }
 OUTPUT

1. true
2. false
3. compiler error
4. throws an exception
THANK YOU