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Infers and Explain Patterns and Themes From Data

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Mary Jean Cañete
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135 views

Infers and Explain Patterns and Themes From Data

Uploaded by

Mary Jean Cañete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Good morning to all my fellow

classmates specially to our


teacher a pleasant morning to
all.
PRAYER
ENERGIZER
CLASSROOM RULES

Do not use cellphone during discussion.

Please participate to our class

Listen to our discussion.

Don’t talk your seatmate during discussion

Raise your hand if you want to answer.


ACTIVITY!

COMPLETE ME!

1.I_N_F_R _. 3.P_T_E_N

2.D_T_. 4.T_E_E
INFERS AND EXPLAIN PATTERNS
AND THEMES FROM DATA

 LEARNING OBJECT TIVES

After studying this chapter, you are expected to:


• infer and explain patterns and themes from
data ,and
• relate the findings to pertinent literature.
THE PATTERN, THEME, and CODE

A code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word phrase which symbolically


defines a summative, salient, essence-capturing, and/or evocative attribute for a
portion of language-based or visual data. This data can compose of interview
transcripts, participant observation field notes, journals, documents, literature,
artifacts, photographs, video, websites, e-mail and correspondence. While a pattern is
something that happens in a regular and repeated way. A theme is generated when
similar issues and ideas expressed by participants within qualitative data are brought
together by the researcher into a single category or cluster. There are two strategies
on how to infer data. These are thematic analysis and qualitative data analysis (QDA).
But we will focus on thematic analysis.
There are 6 steps in thematic
analysis. We will discuss in detail in
each step.
1. Familiarization with the data: This phase involves reading and re-reading the
data, to become immersed and intimately familiar with its content.
2. Coding – this phase involves generating succinct labels (codes) that identify
important features of the data that might be relevant to answering the research
question. It involves coding the entire dataset, and after that, collating all the
codes and all relevant data extracts, together for later stages of analysis.
3. Searching for Themes. This phase involves examining the codes and collated
data to identify significant broader patterns of meaning (potential themes). It
then involves collating data relevant to each candidate theme, so that you can
work with the data and review the viability of each candidate theme.
4. Reviewing themes. This phase involves checking the candidate themes
against
the data set, to determine if they tell a convincing story of the data, and one
that
answers the research question. In this phase, themes are typically refined,
which sometimes involves them being split, combined, or discarded.
5. Defining and naming themes. This phase involves developing a detailed
analysis of each theme, working out the scope and focus of each theme,
determining the “story” of each. It also involves deciding on an informative
name
for each theme.
6. Writing Up. This final phase involves weaving together the analytic narrative
data
and extracts and contextualizing the analysis in relation to existing literature.
Here is an example of a transcribed
result of an interview conducted in
Marawi Siege.They were able
to come up with varied themes
depending on the question asked. This
is a result based
on a one-on-one interview.
In this lesson, the next task expected of you is to analyze data carefully. For
most researchers, this is the heaviest task, but it is the most fulfilling. Qualitative data
analysis is an ongoing and cyclical process which includes identification, examination,
and interpretation of certain patterns and themes in the data. It determines how these
patterns and themes help answer the research questions.
This part will guide you on how to make this
task easy. Below are the processes
in doing a qualitative analysis.

1. Know your data. Reread your written observations, relisten the audio recorded
interviews, or rewatch the movie or clip.
2. Focus your analysis. Focus yourself on consistent and or varied responses.
For example:
your research question is, “Why are some high school students sometimes late
for school?” Common responses would be school’s distance, waking up late,
tons of chores prior to going to school, sleeping late, etcetera.
3. Do coding. Always consult your research questions or you might end up coding
unnecessary information. Coding is simply categorizing the data and reducing
them.
 4. Clean your data. Go through your data once more if there are data errors.
5. Identify meaningful patterns and themes. Identifying meaningful
patterns and
the theme is the heart and soul of the entire qualitative data
analysis. In
this stage, you can look at the data
6. Interpret your data. After analyzing, coding, and organizing the data,
identifying
the patterns and themes, you are now ready to interpret your data. In
 interpreting the data, you will synthesize your tables to a paragraph.
LESSON 2

RELATES THE FINDING


PERTINENT
Concluding qualitative research needs the researcher
to recall more thoroughly
the problem statement, objectives, and results and
findings of your analysis and how
they connect and organize together. The aim is to
integrate them to come up a
comprehensive, logical, and smart answer or
explanation to the research question.
Research conclusion has its important roles and
purpose in a research study.
These are commonly elaborated as the following:
a) it stresses out the importance of the
thesis statement, b) it gives the written work a
sense of completeness, c) it leaves a
final impression to the readers and d) it
demonstrates good organization.
Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions, implications,
interpretations, general statements and/or generalizations based upon the finding.
It
should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the beginning of the
investigation in the order that they are given under the statement of the problem.
When
making the conclusion in qualitative research, it should be drawn from the patterns
and themes. Patterns and themes that were extracted from the real-life
experiences.
In vanManen’s point of view, conclusions can be best illustrated in literary works as
poem, quote, and/ or songs as it conveys emotions like making metaphors. Through
metaphor like results can go beyond a descriptive synthesis of data.
Strategies or tips to writing
conclusions:
1. Write in a manner that is comfortable to you and edit while writing.
2. Write to be understood. Do not write to impress or to sound smart. Avoid
highfalutin words to replace the common but clearer ones.
3. Write from an objective distance. Remember that you are writing a formal
academic paper.
4. Write in a fresh new style. In concluding your qualitative research,
you are
supposed to present a new knowledge after all.
5. Conclusions should be formulated concisely, that is, brief and
short, yet they
convey a meaningful and logical argument. It is important that
conclusions have
a conceptual significance and can imply, indicate, or chart future
research
directions.
THE END

Reporting is about shining light in dark places and


amplifying voices that would otherwise go unheard

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