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Sampling

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Sampling

Uploaded by

seemapawar749
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling

Sampling may be defined as the selection


of some part of an aggregate or totality on
the basis of which a judgement or inference
about the aggregate or totality is made.
It is the process of obtaining information
about an entire population by examining
only a part of it.
.
Sampling
• The process of selecting observations is
called Sampling
• In other words the method of selecting for
study a portion of the universe with a view to
draw conclusion about the universe in toto is
known as Sampling.
Goals that Sampling can achieve
To establish the representativeness of what
we are studying - to reduce bias.
To make inferences from findings based on a
sample to the larger population from which
the sample was drawn.
sample design
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining
a sample or part from a given population.
 It refers to the technique or the procedure
the researcher would adopt in selecting items
for the sample.
Sample design is determined before the data
are collected.
Factors to be Considered While Developing
Sampling Design
• Population/universe-All the items under
consideration in any field of inquiry constitute a
‘Universe’ or Population.
• Sampling units-
• May be Geographical,state,dist,village or social
unit-family,club,school,organisation etc

• Sampling Frame - is the list of units composing a


population from which a sample is selected.
Factors to be Considered While Developing
Sampling Design
• Size of sample: Number of items to be selected
from the universe to constitute a sample.
• Parameters of Interest-Must consider the
question of specific population parameters
which are of interest-Which group to be
investigated,sub-groups etc.
• Budgetary Constraint –Cost
• Selection of Proper sampling Design
Sampling Errors
• Sampling error :The degree of error to be
expected in Probability sampling.
• Sampling Errors arise due to the fact only a
part of the population has been used to
estimate population parameters and to draw
inferences about the population.
Types of Sampling
• Probability Sampling
• Sample has a known probability of
being selected
• Non-Probablity Sampling
• Sample does not have known
probability of being selected.
Probability Sampling

• Every item of the universe has


an equal chance of inclusion in
the sample. It is also called as
chance sampling;is based on
Random selection.
Methods of Probability Sampling

• Simple random
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified random sampling
• Proportionate Stratified sampling
• Disproportionate Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Multistage sampling
Simple random

• simple random sample is a subset of individuals


(a sample) chosen from a larger set (a
population).
• Lottery Method
• Selection on the basis of Random numbers
• Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely
by chance, such that each individual has the
same probability of being chosen at any stage
during the sampling process.
Systematic sampling
• Systematic sampling is a method involving
the selection of elements from an ordered
sampling frame.

• The sampling starts by selecting an element


from the list at random and then
every kth element in the frame is selected.
Stratified Sampling
• Stratification is the process of dividing the
population into homogeneous subgroups before
sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive
• The grouping of the units composing a population
into homogeneous groups or strata before sampling.
• Every element in the population must be assigned to
only one stratum.
• Then simple random sampling or systematic sampling
is applied within each stratum.
• Education,Gender,age etc.
Cluster sampling
• Cluster sampling is a sampling technique used
when "natural" but relatively heterogeneous
groupings are evident in a population.
• In this technique, the total population is
divided into groups (or clusters) and a
simple random sample of the groups is
selected. The elements in each cluster are
then sampled.
One version of cluster sampling is area sampling
or geographical cluster sampling. Clusters consist
of geographical areas
A multistage sampling in which natural groups
(clusters) are sampled initially,with the members
of each selected group being sub sampled
afterwards.
Eg Sample of college students of Maharashtra.
Get number of colleges from a Directory.
Get list of students from each colelge,then draw
samples of students from each.
Multistage sampling
• Multistage sampling can be a complex form of
cluster sampling.
• Cluster because sampling is a type of sampling
which involves dividing the population into
groups (or clusters).
Non-Probablity Sampling

• Sample does not have known probability of


being selected as in convenience or voluntary
response surveys.Reliance on available data.
• Puposive or Judgemental sampling
• Quota sampling
• Snowball sampling
Puposive or Judgemental sampling

• A type of non-probability sampling .you


select units to be obsreved on the basis
of your own judgement about which one
will be most useful or representative.
Quota sampling

• Units are selected into a sample on the basis


of prespecified characteristics,so that the total
sample will have the same distribution of the
characteristics assumed to exist in the
population being studied.
Snowball sampling

• A person interviewed is asked to suggest


additional people for interviewing.

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