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4 Quadratic Equations 1

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16 views

4 Quadratic Equations 1

Uploaded by

drtleelavathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

BASDEI, SURAJPUR(C.G.)

MADE BY:
MR AMIT KUMAR
T.G.T.(MATHEMATICS)
J.N.V.SURAJPUR (C.G)
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

CLASS:
TOPICS TO BE COVERED

Introduction to Quadratic
Equations Solution of a Quadratic
Equation by Factorization
Solution of a Quadratic
Method
Roots of Quadratic Equations Equation by Quadratic
Formula

Hidden Quadratic Equations


INTRODUCTION
* A quadratic equation in the variable x is an equation of the
form ax²+bx+c=0 where a, b, c are real numbers, a ≠ 0. For
example 2x²+x-300=0 is a quadratic equation.
* Any equation of the form p(x)=0, where p(x) is a polynomial
of degree 2, is a quadratic equation. But, when we write the
terms of p(x) in descending order of their degrees, then we
get the standard form of the equation, that is ax²+bx+c=0.
* The constants a, b, and c are called the quadratic
coefficients, the linear coefficients and the constant terms
respectively.
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
*A real number α is called a root of the quadratic equation
ax²+bx+c=0, then we say that: x =α satisfies the equation,
thus it is a solution of the equation ax²+bx+c=0.
*The root of a quadratic equation ax²+bx+c=0 are called
zeroes of the polynomial ax²+bx+c.

NOTE:- The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax²+bx+c and


the roots of the quadratic equation ax²+bx+c=0 are the
same.

REMEMBER:- Any quadratic equation can have at most two


roots.
MORE EXAMPLES OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
* 2x²+5x+3=0 In this one a=2, b=5 and c=3.
* x²-3x=0 This one is a little more tricky: where is
a? In fact a=1, as we don’t usually write “1x²”, b=-3
and where is c? Well c=0, so it is not shown.
•* 5x-3=0 Oops! This one is not a quadratic equation, because it is
missing x² (in other words a=0, and that means it
can’t be a quadratic equation.)
HIDDEN QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
So far we have seen the “standard form” of a quadratic equation:
ax²+bx+c=0

But, sometimes a quadratic equation doesn’t looks like that.

Here are some examples


IN of different a,
STANDARD forms:
b and c
IN DISGUISE
FORM
x²=3x-1 Move all terms x²-3x+1=0 a=1, b=(-3) and
to left hand side c=1
2(w²-2w)=5 Expand (undo 2w²-4w-5=0 a=2, b=(-4) and
the brackets), c=(-5)
and move 5 to
left
z(z-1)=3 Expand, and z²-z-3=0 a=1, b=(-1) and
move 3 to left c=(-3)
5+1/x-1/x²=0 Multiply by x² 5x²+x-1=0 a=5, b=1 and
c=(-1)
FACTORIZATION METHOD
Step 1: Find the product of first and last term
(a*c).
Step 2: Find the factors of ac in such way that
addition or subtraction of the factors of ac is
the middle term b.
Step 3: (Splitting of middle term)
write the middle term using the sum of the
two new factors, including the proper signs.
Step 4: Group the terms to form pairs and factor
out the common binomial.
Step 5: Set the binomial found equal to 0 and
USING THE FACTORIZATION METHOD
Q, Solve x²+3x-4=0 Q. Solve
100x²-20x+1=0
Sol. x²+3x-4=0 Sol. 100x²-
20x+1=0
x²-x+4x-4=0 100x²-
10x-10x+1=0
x(x-1)+4(x-1)=0
10x(10x-1)-1(10x-1)=0
(x+4) (x-1)=0 (10x-1)
(10x-1)=0
Either (x+4)=0 or (x-1)=0 Either
(10x-1)=0 or (10x-1)=0
x=(-4) and x=1 x=1/10
and x=1/10
QUADRATIC FORMULA METHOD
 b  b 2  4ac
Formula:x 
2a
Thus, ax²+bx+c=0 has two roots α and ß, given by
2
 b  b  4ac  b b 2  4ac
 
2a 2a
DISCRIMINANT
The expression under the square root in the quadratic formula is
called the Discriminant and is denoted by “D” and is given by D=
b²-4ac

Relationship Between Discriminant and Nature of Roots


VALUE OF D NATURE OF ROOTS ROOTS

D>0 Real and unequal [(-b±√D)/2a]

D=0 Real and equal Each root=(-b/2a)

D<0 No real roots None


USING THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
Example: Solve 5x²+6x+1=0
Coefficients are: a=5, b=6, c=1
Quadratic Formula: b  b 2  4ac
x
2a
  6  (6 2  4 * 5 *1) 
x  c:
Put the values of a, b and 
 (2 * 5) 
 
 6  (36  20)
Solve:x  10

 
  6 4 
x 
 10 

x=(-0.2) or (-1)
QUESTIONS RELATED TO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Q. If x=3, is one root of the quadratic equation x²-2kx-6=0, then find the value of k.
Sol. x²-2kx-6=0
since x=3 is a root,
3²-2(k)(3)-6=0
9-6k-6=0
3-6k=0
6k=3
K=1/2

Q. If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x²+px-15=0 and the quadratic equation


p(x²+x)+k=0 has equal roots, find the value of k.
Sol. Given, -5 is a root of the quadratic equation
2x²+px-15=0
2(-5)²+p(-5)-15=0
50-5p-15=0
35-5p=0
5p=35
p=7
Substituting the value of p in p(x²+x)+k=0
7(x²+x)+k=0
7x²+7x+k=0
The roots of the equation are equal
D=b²-4ac=0
Here, a=7, b=7, c=k
b²-4ac=0
7²-4(7)(k)=0
49-28k=0
k=49/28 or k=7/4

Q. Solve for x:
x²-(√3+1)x+ √3=0
Sol. x²-(√3+1)x+ √3=0
x²-√3x-x+√3=0
x(x-√3)-1(x-√3)=0
(x-√3)(x-1)=0
Either, x-√3=0 or x-1=0
So, x= √3 or x=1
Politics is for the present, but an equation is
for eternity.
-Albert Einstein
THANK YOU
Hope that this
presentation makes you
understand the topic
better.

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