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8 Introduction to Trigonometry 1 Introduction to Trigometry

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10 views

8 Introduction to Trigonometry 1 Introduction to Trigometry

Uploaded by

drtleelavathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA, ONGOLE.

PRAKASAM (DIST.) ANDHRA PRADESH

NAME OF THE TOPIC : Introduction To Trigonometry


CLASS - 10
DONE BY:
K.LAKSHMI PRASAD
TGT MATHEMATICS
JNV ONGOLE.
PRAKASAM – 1, ANDHRA PRADESH
Introduction To Trigonometry

Class 10
Introduction

Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon, "triangle" and


metron, "measure") is a branch of mathematics that
studies relationships between side lengths and
angles of triangles. The field emerged in the
Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from
applications of geometry to astronomical studies.
The Greeks focused on the calculation of chords,
while mathematicians in India created the earliest-
known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also
called trigonometric functions) such as sine.
Hipparchus, credited with compiling the first
trigonometric table, has been described as "the
father of trigonometry".
Trigonometric Ratios
Opposite & Adjacent Sides in a Right Angled Triangle
In the ΔABC right-angled at B, BC is the side opposite to ∠A, AC is the
hypotenuse and AB is the side adjacent to ∠A.
Trigonometric Ratios

For the right ΔABC, right-angled at ∠B, the trigonometric ratios of the ∠A are
as follows:
sin A=opposite side/hypotenuse=BC/AC
cos A=adjacent side/hypotenuse=AB/AC
tan A=opposite side/adjacent side=BC/AB
cosec A=hypotenuse/opposite side=AC/BC
sec A=hypotenuse/adjacent side=AC/AB
cot A=adjacent side/opposite side=AB/BC
Visualization of Trigonometric Ratios Using a Unit Circle

Draw a circle of unit radius with the origin as the centre. Consider a line
segment OP joining a point P on the circle to the centre which makes an
angle θ with the x-axis. Draw a perpendicular from P to the x-axis to cut it at
Q.
Sinθ = PQ/OP = PQ/1= PQ
Cosθ = OQ/OP = OQ/1 = OQ
Tanθ = PQ/OQ = sinθ/cosθ
Cosecθ = OP/PQ = 1/PQ
Secθ = OP/OQ = 1/OQ
Cotθ = OQ/PQ = cosθ/sinθ
Relation between Range of Trigonometric
Trigonometric Ratios Ratios from 0 to 90 degrees
cosec θ =1/sin θ For 0≤θ≤90,
sec θ = 1/cos θ 0≤sinθ≤1
tan θ = sin θ/cos θ 0≤cosθ≤1
0≤tanθ<∞
cot θ = cos θ/sin θ=1/tan θ
1≤secθ<∞
0≤cotθ<∞
1≤cosecθ<∞
tanθ and secθ are not defined at 90∘.
cotθ and cosecθ are not defined at 0∘.
Q) If sin A = calculate (1) cos A (2) tan A.
Standard values of Trigonometric ratios
∠θ 0o 30o 45o 60o 90o

sin θ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1

cos θ 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0

tan θ 0 1/√3 1 √3 not defined

cosec θ not defined 2 √2 2/√3 1

sec θ 1 2/√3 √2 2 not defined

cot θ not defined √3 1 1/√3 0


EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1
EXAMPLE PROBLEM 2
0 0
𝐼𝑓 𝐴=60 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ¿ 30 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡h𝑎𝑡 cos ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵+sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

SOLUTION :
Putting

LHS = =

RHS =

 LHS = RHS
TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles
Complementary Trigonometric ratios
If θ is an acute angle, its complementary angle is 90 ∘−θ. The following
relations hold true for trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
sin (90−θ) = cos θ
cos (90−θ) = sin θ
tan (90−θ) = cot θ
cot (90−θ) = tan θ
cosec (90−θ) = sec θ
sec (90−θ) = cosec θ
Trigonometric Identities

In Right Triangle ABC, by Pythagoras theorem


= ------ (1)
 (or)

In Right Triangle ABC, by Pythagoras theorem


= ------ (1)
 (or)

In Right Triangle ABC, by Pythagoras theorem


= ------ (1)

Let us now divide (1) by


THANK YOU

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