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Lect 6 Operating System Intro

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9 views

Lect 6 Operating System Intro

Uploaded by

physicsislove2424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An Introduction to

Operating Systems
What is Operating System
• Definition

• It’s an interface between user & computer.


• An Operating System is a program that
acts as an intermediary/interface between
a user of a computer and the computer
hardware.
Computer Machine
(Hardware)

Machine Language
(Low Level Language)

Operating System

Human Understandable
Language (High Level
Language)

User / Programmer

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What is Operating System

• OS is system software, which may be viewed


as collection of software consisting of
procedures for operating the computer.
• It provides an environment for execution of
programs (application software).

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What is Operating System

 An Operating System, or
OS, is low-level software
that enables a user and
higher-level application
software to interact with a
computer’s hardware and
the data and other programs
stored on the computer.
Operating System goals:
– Control/execute user/application programs.
– Make the computer system convenient to use.
– Ease the solving of user problems.
– Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
– An OS performs basic tasks, such as recognizing
input from the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and
directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as printers.
Dynamic View of System Components

OS provide a software platform on top of which application programs can run.
The choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great extent the
applications a user can run.
Layers of a Computer System

End
User
Programmer
Application
Programs
Utilities Operating-
System
Operating-System Designer

Computer Hardware
Classification
This Classification is based on the type of interface
Operating System provides for the user to work in.

Character User Interface (CUI)


The User has to type the commands on the
command prompt to get the work completed.
Ex. DOS, UNIX.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
The User need not type any commands.
He/She just point and clicks on the desired Icon
to get the work done.
Ex. Windows (9X, XP, NT, 2000), Linux.
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Services provided by an OS
 Program Execution
OS provides an environment where the user can
conveniently run programs. The user does not
have to worry about memory allocation or CPU
scheduling.
 I/O Operations
Each program requires input and produces
output. The OS hides some of the details of the
underlying hardware for such I/O. All the user
sees is that the I/O has been performed, without
those details.
Other Services

• System access
– resolves conflicts for resource contention.
– protection in access to resources and data.
 Communications
There are instances where processes need to
communicate with each other to exchange
information. It may be between processes
running on the same computer or running on
different computers. The OS provides these
services to application programs, making inter-
process communication possible, and relieving
the user of having to worry about how this
accomplished.
Application programs and OS

 Operating systems provide a software platform on top of which other


programs, called application programs, can run.

 The choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great


extent the applications a user can run.

 For example, the DOS operating system contains commands such


as COPY and RENAME for copying files and changing the names of
files, respectively. The commands are accepted and executed by a
part of the operating system.

 Similarly, the UNIX operating system has commands like CP and


MV to copy and rename.
UNIX
 UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be
written, in 1971.

 Advantages of UNIX are…

 Multitasking – multiple programs can run at one time.

 Multi-user – allows more than a single user to work at


any given time. This is accomplished by sharing
processing time between each user.

 Safe – prevents one program from accessing memory or


storage space allocated to another program, and
enables file protection, requiring users to have
permission to perform certain functions, such as
accessing a directory, file, or disk drive.
Overview of Windows

 Windows is an GUI based operating system.

 It is also developed by Microsoft Corporation, which is headed by


Mr. Bill Gates.

 Over the years the Microsoft have evolved various versions of


Windows. Win95, Win98, Win2000, Win ME, Win NT, Win XP.

 It gives user a handy environment where he doesn’t have to


remember and learn the syntaxes of various commands as is the case
in DOS.

 The user can just point and click on the Icons provided to him on the
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screen.
Folders and Documents

 Folders are a way to organize your documents within drives in Windows as


are the directories in DOS.

 A document is each thing that you create on a computer. A document can


be made using any type of software.

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